Notes in PathElective_Hemepath_Lesson 1_CPS

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	12/13/2024	Name 4 conditions associated with microcytic anemia:
Published	12/13/2024	What is reticulocytosis?
Published	12/13/2024	Why may patients with liver disease have macrocytic RBCs?
Published	12/13/2024	How would you best describe the blood smear findings below?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Anisocytosis::Term?}} refers to variants in RBC size on peripheral blood smear
Published	12/13/2024	Anisocytosis is associated with RDW > {{c1::14.5%::%?}}
Published	12/13/2024	Name 3 causes of anisocytosis:
Published	12/13/2024	How would you characterize these RBCs?
Published	12/13/2024	Why do hypochromic RBCs have enlarged cell pallor?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the pathophysiologic cause of hypochromic RBCs?
Published	12/13/2024	Name 4 causes of hypochromic RBCs:
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::MCHC}} can be used to measure hypochromia
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Polychromasia::RBC finding?}} occurs when young reticulocytes are present with mature RBCs in a peripheral blood smear
Published	12/13/2024	What blood smear finding is demonstrated below?
Published	12/13/2024	Why are young reticulocytes (arrows) more blue-gray in color?
Published	12/13/2024	What is polychromasia associated with?
Published	12/13/2024	Name 2 general causes for polychromasia:
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Rouleaux::RBC finding?}} is usually due to {{c2::increased::increased/decreased?}} circulating plasma proteins
Published	12/13/2024	Is the RBC finding below more likely to be found on the thick or thin end of the blood smear?
Published	12/13/2024	Name 3 conditions associated with rouleaux formation (below):
Published	12/13/2024	What is generally associated with rouleaux formation?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Agglutination::RBC finding?}} occurs when RBCs clump into groups
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Agglutination::RBC finding?}} is usually due to increased cold {{c2::IgM::IgM/IgG?}} agglutinins
Published	12/13/2024	Cold agglutination can occur when blood is taken out of a patient and put in a {{c1::tube or refrigerator::name 2 places}}
Published	12/13/2024	What is associated with the RBC finding seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	Name 4 reasons for cold agglutination:
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the cause of the RBC finding seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	Why can patients with sickle cell anemia experience pain in their fingers and/or toes?
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below (arrows)?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the pathophysiologic explanation for these RBCs (arrows)?
Published	12/13/2024	Name 4 causes of schistocyte formation:
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below (arrows)?
Published	12/13/2024	Spherocytes have a {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased?}} RBC membrane-to-hemoglobin ratio
Published	12/13/2024	Name 4 RBC membrane cytoskeletal proteins implicated in hereditary spherocytosis:
Published	12/13/2024	How do spherocytes form in patients who have warm hemolytic anemia?
Published	12/13/2024	How can severe burns result in the RBC formation shown below (arrows)?
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	A mutation in which cytoskeletal membrane protein is the most likely cause hereditary spherocytosis?
Published	12/13/2024	Outside of hereditary elliptocytosis, name 3 conditions associated with elliptocyte formation (below):
Published	12/13/2024	What is myelophthisic syndrome?
Published	12/13/2024	Myelophthisic syndrome is associated with what RBC findings? (Name 2)
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	Name 4 causes for the RBC finding shown below:
Published	12/13/2024	Hereditary stomatocytosis is due to {{c1::membrane protein mutations}} that causes loss of {{c2::intracellular ions}}
Published	12/13/2024	Why may patients with liver disease due to alcoholosim have stomatocytes on peripheral blood smear?
Published	12/13/2024	Why can Rh null phenotype lead to stomatocytosis?
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below (arrows)?
Published	12/13/2024	What else are acanthocytes known as?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Acanthocytes::Acanthocytes/Schistocytes?}} have {{c2::global::global/focal?}} membrane abnormalities, while {{c1::schistocytes::acanthocytes/sch…
Published	12/13/2024	Acanthocyte formation is usually due to defects in {{c1::lipid}} and/or {{c1::protein}} components
Published	12/13/2024	Why may patients who have undergone splenectomy present with the RBC findings shown below (arrows)?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the name for the RBC finding shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	What is another term for echinocyte?
Published	12/13/2024	The projections of {{c1::echinocytes::echinocytes/acanthocytes?}} are short and evenly-spaced, as opposed to the projections of {{c1::acanthocytes::ec…
Published	12/13/2024	What are 2 well-known causes of the RBC formation seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below (arrows)?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Target cells::RBC type?}} have {{c2::increased::increased/decreased?}} membrane-to-hemoglobin volume ratios
Published	12/13/2024	Name 2 general causes for this RBC formation (arrows):
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below (arrows)?
Published	12/13/2024	What hint may suggest that this RBC finding is due to a blood smear prep artifact as opposed to another pathologic condition?
Published	12/13/2024	What pathologic condition is most strongly associated with teardrop cells?
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below (arrows)?
Published	12/13/2024	Bite cells are formed by {{c1::splenic macrophages::cause?}} "biting out" {{c2::preciptated hemoglobin::what?}}, otherwise known as&nbs…
Published	12/13/2024	Bite cells are classically associated with {{c1::glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase::enzyme?}}, or {{c1::G6PD::abbreviation?}}, def…
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below (arrow)?
Published	12/13/2024	Name 2 conditions associated with this RBC finding (arrow):
Published	12/13/2024	These hexagonal crystals (arrows) are composed of what polymer?
Published	12/13/2024	Why do patients with homozygous HbC disease often have target cells?
Published	12/13/2024	The hexagonal and sickled crystals below (arrows) are made up of what polymer?
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC inclusion is shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	What are Howell-Jolly bodies composed of?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Howell-Jolly bodies::RBC inclusion?}} are normally removed by {{c2::splenic macrophages::cell type?}}
Published	12/13/2024	Howell-Jolly bodies can be seen in {{c1::severe megaloblastic}} anemia due to {{c2::dysfunctional DNA synthesis}}
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC inclusion is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Pappenheimer bodies::RBC inclusion?}} are composed of {{c2::iron granules::molecule?}}
Published	12/13/2024	What stain can highlight Pappenheimer bodies?
Published	12/13/2024	What are 2 potential explanations for why Pappenheimer bodies may be seen in most anemias?
Published	12/13/2024	Is this a real inclusion (arrow)?
Published	12/13/2024	What is this (arrow)?
Published	12/13/2024	What is this RBC inclusion?
Published	12/13/2024	Name the 2 different types of basophilic stippling:
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Basophilic stippling::RBC inclusion?}} is due to {{c2::rRNA/ribosomal aggregation::cause?}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Fine::Fine/Coarse?}} stippling is associated with {{c2::increased RBC production (e.g., polychromasia)::cause?}}, while {{c1::coarse::fine/…
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC inclusion is seen below (arrow)?
Published	12/13/2024	What are Heinz bodies composed of?
Published	12/13/2024	What condition and RBC finding are Heinz bodies (below) associated with?
Published	12/13/2024	What stain is often used to show Heinz bodies?
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is seen below (arrow)?
Published	12/13/2024	What are Cabot rings made of?
Published	12/13/2024	Is this RBC finding (arrow) malaria?
Published	12/13/2024	What are Cabot rings (below) associated with?
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC inclusion is shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Malaria::Malaria/Babesiosis?}} is a {{c2::mosquito::mosquito/tick?}}-borne illness caused by {{c3::Plasmodium::Plasmodium/Babesia?}} species, {{…
Published	12/13/2024	When determining Malaria versus Babesiosis, {{c1::travel history::history type?}} is important!
Published	12/13/2024	What RBC finding is shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	What pathognomonic finding of Babesiosis is shown by the arrow below?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Malaria::Malaria/Babesiosis?}} has developmental stages, while {{c1::Babesiosis::Malaria/Babesiosis?}} does not
Published	12/13/2024	What WBCs are predominately shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	What is neutrophilia generally associated with?
Published	12/13/2024	A {{c1::leukemoid}} reaction is an exaggerated leukocytosis >{{c2::50.0}} x 10⁹/L
Published	12/13/2024	What WBC is predominately shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	General eosinophilia associations:{{c1::Industrialized countries}} = {{c2::allergies}}{{c1::Non-industrialzed countries}} = {{c2::parasites}}{{c1::Hos…
Published	12/13/2024	What WBCs are highlighted by the arrows below?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Neutrophils::Neutrophils/Monocytes?}} are more associated with {{c2::bacterial::bacterial/viral?}} infecitons, while {{c1::monocytes::neutrophil…
Published	12/13/2024	What WBCs are predominately seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	The first step in any lymphoma is to {{c1::rule out leukemia::IMPORTANT!!!}}
Published	12/13/2024	Benign lymphocytosis is often associated with {{c1::EBV and CMV::2 viral infections?}}
Published	12/13/2024	What abnormal WBCs are seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	"Downey cells", are reactive {{c1::CD8+::marker?}} lymphocytes activated as a result of antigen stimulation, usually due to an {{c2::EBV}} infection
Published	12/13/2024	What WBC finding is shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	The granlues seen in neutrophils exhibiting toxic granulation contain {{c1::peroxidases::ezymes?}} and {{c2::hydrolases::enzymes?}}
Published	12/13/2024	Name 3 conditions associated with toxic granulation:
Published	12/13/2024	What WBC inclusion is seen below (arrow)?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the cause of the WBC inclusion shown below (arrow)?
Published	12/13/2024	What are Döhle bodies (arrow) associated with?
Published	12/13/2024	What WBC finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the Alder-Reily anomaly?
Published	12/13/2024	What does Alder-Reily anomaly suggest?
Published	12/13/2024	What WBC finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	Name 2 conditions associated with hypersegmented neutrophils:
Published	12/13/2024	What WBC finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	Are these granulocytes functionally normal?
Published	12/13/2024	What is it called when a patient aquires these WBCs secondary to another condition (e.g., medications, infections, cytopenias)?
Published	12/13/2024	What condition must be ruled out when these WBCs around found on peripheral blood smear?
Published	12/13/2024	Neutrophils with giant blue granules, as seen below, are associated with what syndrome?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the cause of the giant blue granules seen in this neutrophil?
Published	12/13/2024	What gene is implicated in Chediak-Higashi syndrome?
Published	12/13/2024	What other findings would you expect in a patient seen with this WBC?
Published	12/13/2024	What WBC infection is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	What 2 clues in these WBCs suggests Histoplasmosis?
Published	12/13/2024	What WBC finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Anaplasma}} and {{c2::Ehrlichia}} may have this WBC finding
Published	12/13/2024	What prominent blood finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	Thrombocytosis is reactive in >80% of cases and associated with (name 4):
Published	12/13/2024	Elevated {{c1::EPO::hormone}} in iron deficiency anemia can also induce {{c2::thrombocytosis}} due to {{c1::EPO::hormone?}} recept…
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Postsplenectomy::Procedure?}} patients may have {{c2::thrombocytosis}} because the {{c3::spleen::organ?}} sequesters 1/3 of {{c2:…
Published	12/13/2024	What large platelet disorder is characterized by the peripheral blood smear findings shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	What large platelet disorder is characterized by the peripheral blood smear findings shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	What large platelet disorder is characterized by the peripheral blood smear findings shown below?
Published	12/13/2024	What peripheral blood smear finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	What is the typical cause of platelet clumping as seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	Would blood analyzers likely still count these clumped platelets appropriately?
Published	12/13/2024	How can you best get an accurate platelet count in patients with platelet clumping?
Published	12/13/2024	What peripheral blood smear finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	What is always the cause of satellitism, as seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	If you see this finding below on a peripheral blood smear, what should you do?
Published	12/13/2024	How would you classify the bone marrow cellularity below?
Published	12/13/2024	How would you classify the bone marrow cellularity below?
Published	12/13/2024	How would you classify the bone marrow cellularity below?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Cellularity}} is a measurement of the amount of hematopoietic cells in the marrow relative to fat
Published	12/13/2024	Generally, how can you estimate a person's appropriate bone marrow cellularity?
Published	12/13/2024	What does this bone marrow cellularity indicate?
Published	12/13/2024	What does this bone marrow cellularity indicate?
Published	12/13/2024	What bone marrow finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	What is gelatinous transformation, as seen below, associated with (name 3)?
Published	12/13/2024	What notable bone marrow finding is seen below?
Published	12/13/2024	What bone marrow (top) and marrow aspirate smear (bottom) findings are notable here? Note: this was taken from a 24-year-old kindergarten teacher&nbsp…
Published	12/13/2024	Other bone marrow infections:(Top left) {{c1::Leishmania}}(Top right) {{c2::Cryptococcus}}(Bottom right) {{c3::MAC}}(Bottom left) …
Published	12/13/2024	What is seen within these giant macrophages?
Published	12/13/2024	If you see this finding below, what condition should you be concerned about?
Published	12/13/2024	How does hemophagocytic lymphocytosis (HLH) present?
Published	12/13/2024	Is hemophagocytosis by itself diagnostic for HLH?
Published	12/13/2024	Lipid storage diseases:What does this WBC finding represent?
Published	12/13/2024	Lipid storage diseases:What does this WBC finding represent?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Microcytic::Normocytic/Microcytic/Macrocytic?}} RBCs are smaller than the nucleus of a lymphocyte.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Normocytic::Normocytic/Microcytic/Macrocytic?}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Macrocytic::Normocytic/Microcytic/Macrocytic?}}
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Macrocytic::Normocytic/Microcytic/Macrocytic?}} RBCs are larger than the nucleus of a lymphocyte.
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Microcytic::Normocytic/Microcytic/Macrocytic?}}
Published	12/13/2024	Does normocytic mean nothing is wrong?
Published	12/13/2024	{{c1::Normocytic::Normocytic/Microcytic/Macrocytic?}} RBCs are approximately the same size as the nucleus of a lymphocyte.
Published	12/13/2024	Name 3 pathophysiologic causes of macrocytic RBCs:
Published	12/13/2024	What is the pathophysiologic cause of microcytic RBCs?
Status	Last Update	Fields