Notes in 08-09ShoulderComplex

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Published	07/30/2024	The shoulder complex is stabilized mostly via {{c1::dynamic}} stabilization
Published	07/30/2024	What joints make up the shoulder complex?{{c1::sternoclavicular jointacromioclavicular jointglenohumeral joint::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	The sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are {{c1::plane}} joints with {{c1::3::n}} degrees of freedom (each)
Published	07/30/2024	The sternoclavicular disc and interclavicular ligament attaches to the {{c1::superior}} portion of the clavicle's sternal end
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::sternoclavicular disc}} provides increased congruency and acts as a pivot point for the sternoclavicular joint
Published	07/30/2024	The sternoclavicular disc helps limit {{c1::medial}} movement of the clavicle.
Published	07/30/2024	During sternoclavicular joint {{c1::protraction/retraction}}, the {{c2::lower}} end of the SC disc acts as the pivot point and {{c2::does}} move with …
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments}} limit the anterior and posterior translation of clavicle
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::costoclavicular ligament}} limits the {{c3::elevation}} and {{c3::inferior gliding}} of the clavicle and counteracts the contraction of…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::interclavicular ligament}} limits the {{c2::depression}} and {{c2::superior gliding}} of the clavicle, protecting the {{c3::brachial pl…
Published	07/30/2024	3 rotary motions of the sternoclavicular joint:{{c1::1. Elevation/depression2. Protraction/retraction3. Anterior/posterior rotation::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sternoclavicular joint rotation only really occurs {{c1::posteriorly::towards which direction}} with {{c1::50}}o
Published	07/30/2024	Which joint of the shoulder complex does not undergo degenerative damage?{{c1::sternoclavicular joint}}*bonus: why?
Published	07/30/2024	The acromioclavicular {{c2::disc}} develops at {{c1::2 years}} of age
Published	07/30/2024	The superior portion of the acromioclavicular joint is reinforced by the {{c1::trapezius}} and {{c1::deltoid}} and is thus stronger
Published	07/30/2024	Superior AC ligament limits {{c1::anterior}} forces applied on the clavicle
Published	07/30/2024	3 rotary motions of the acromioclavicular joint:{{c1::1. internal/external rotation2. anterior/posterior tilting (tipping)3. upward/downward rota…
Published	07/30/2024	The acromioclavicular joint at the {{c1::1st–3rd}} decade of life is prone to {{c2::trauma}}
Published	07/30/2024	The acromioclavicular joint at the {{c1::2nd–6th}} decade of life is prone to {{c2::degeneration}}
Published	07/30/2024	The ultimate function of scapular movement is to orient the {{c1::glenoid fossa}} for maintaing congruence during motion and optimal muscle length-ten…
Published	07/30/2024	What is the only readily visible scapular motion (i.e. primary)?{{c1::Upward/downward rotation}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Upward rotation}} of the scapula is accompanied by:1. {{c2::SC joint posterior rotation}}2. {{c2::SC joint elevation}}3. {{c2::AC joint upward r…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Elevation}} of the scapula is accompanied by:1. {{c2::SC joint elevation}}2. {{c2::AC joint anterior tilt}}3. {{c2::AC joint internal rotation}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Protraction (aBduction)}} of the scapula is accompanied by:1. {{c2::SC joint protraction}}2. {{c2::AC joint internal rotation}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 translatory motions of scapulothoracic joint{{c1::1. elevation/depression2. protraction/retraction (aB/aDduction)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Internal rotation}} of the scapula is accompanied by:1. {{c2::SC joint protraction}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Medial scapular winging}} is excessive {{c2::internal rotation (and anterior tilt)}} of the scapula due to paralysis of {{c3::serratus anterior}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lateral scapular winging}} is excessive {{c2::external rotation (and posterior tilt)}} of the scapula due to paralysis of {{c3::trapezius / rhom…
Published	07/30/2024	Excessive scapular anterior tilting produces a prominent {{c1::inferior angle}}
Published	07/30/2024	Glenoid fossa is retroverted {{c1::6°–7°}} to the coronal plane
Published	07/30/2024	Humeral head angle of {{c1::inclination}}: {{c2::130°–150°}} relative to long axis
Published	07/30/2024	Humeral head angle of {{c1::torsion}}: {{c2::30°}} relative to axis through humeral condyles
Published	07/30/2024	The core of the glenoid labrum is histologically {{c1::dense fibrous connective::type of connective}} tissue
Published	07/30/2024	The covering of the glenoid labrum is histologically {{c1::cartilaginous}} tissue
Published	07/30/2024	In dependent arm position, the glenohumeral capsule is slack {{c1::anteriorly}} and {{c1::inferiorly}}
Published	07/30/2024	Shoulder close packed position: {{c1::aBduction and external rotation}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::rotator cuff interval}} is composed of: {{c2::superior glenohumeral ligament, coracohumeral ligament, superior capsule::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Superior GH ligamentproximal attachment: {{c1::superior glenoid labrum}}distal attachment: {{c1::upper neck of humerus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Middle glenohumeral ligament attachments:proximal: {{c1::superior anterior labrum}}dorsal: {{c1::anterior aspect of proximal humerus below SGHL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coracohumeral ligament attachments:proximal: {{c1::base of coracoid process}}distal: {{c1::greater & lesser tuberosity}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Superior GH}} ligament limits anterior and inferior translation of caput humerus at {{c2::0°}} abduction
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Middle glenohumeral}} ligament limits anterior translation of caput humeri at {{c2::60°}} abduction
Published	07/30/2024	3 components of inferior glenohumeral ligament: {{c1::anterior ligament bandaxillary pouchposterior ligament band}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::anterior ligament band}} of IGH ligament resists anterior translation of humerus in abduction and {{c1::external rotation}} position
Published	07/30/2024	the {{c2::posterior ligament band}} of IGH ligament resists posterior translation of humerus in abduction and {{c1::internal rotation}} position
Published	07/30/2024	the {{c2::axillary pouch}} of IGH ligament resists {{c1::inferior}} humeral translation
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Coracohumeral}} ligament forms a tunnel for tendon of long head of the biceps brachii
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::coracoacromial arch}} prevents {{c2::superior}} dislocation of shoulder
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Subacromial/suprahumeral space or supraspinatus outlet}} is the space between the {{c2::coracoacromial arch}} and {{c2::humeral head}}.
Published	07/30/2024	2 important bursae of the shoulder{{c1::Subacromial bursa}}{{c1::Subdeltoid bursa}}
Published	07/30/2024	Subacromial bursitis may occur due to degeneration of {{c1::supraspinatus}} tendon
Published	07/30/2024	The scapular plane is {{c1::30–45}}° anterior to the coronal plane
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::static}} stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint prevent {{c1::inferior}} translation of the humerus
Published	07/30/2024	The rotator interval capsule is maximally taut when arm is {{c1::at side}}
Published	07/30/2024	Static stabilization from suprasinatus tendon occurs when {{c1::shoulder is loaded}}
Published	07/30/2024	An isolated contraction of the deltoid would produce {{c1::superior translation}}
Published	07/30/2024	The superior translation of deltoid is opposed by {{c1::gravity}} and {{c1::rotator cuffs}}
Published	07/30/2024	F{{c1::x}} = longitudnal to long axis of boneF{{c1::y}} = perpedicular to long axis of bone
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::supraspinatus}} muscle elevates the shoulder while simultaneously compressing it (unlike deltoid)
Published	07/30/2024	the long head of biceps brachii also produces abduction when humerus is {{c1::externally rotated}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Supraspinatus}} tendon is most vulnerable of all rotator cuffs to tensile overload and chronic overuse
Published	07/30/2024	What is the painful arc of rotator cuff tendinopathy (or tears)?{{c1::60–120°}} elevation
Published	07/30/2024	Pain upon shoulder {{c1::horizontal aDduction}} is indicative of {{c2::osteoarthritis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Biceps tendinitis}} is often concomitant with rotator cuff tendinitis due to proximity.
Published	07/30/2024	The shoulder is most often dislocated {{c1::anteroinferiorly}}
Published	07/30/2024	The glenohumerhal joint is weakest {{c1::inferiorly}}
Published	07/30/2024	glenohumeral joint (1) flexion (2) extension
Published	07/30/2024	How does external rotation (to 40°) increase shoulder aBduction ROM?{{c1::greater tubercle clears the coracoacromial arch}}
Published	07/30/2024	glenohumeral joint aBduction when (1) neutral rotation (2) external rotation
Published	07/30/2024	sternoclavicular joint (1) posterior rotation (1) anterior rotation
Published	07/30/2024	acromioclavicular joint anterior and posterior tilting (total)
Published	07/30/2024	scapulothoracic joint upward/downward rotation (total)
Published	07/30/2024	The scaopulothoracic joint contributes {{c1::1/3}} of the scapulohumeral rhythm (shoulder complex elevation)
Published	07/30/2024	In the start of scapulothoracic joint upward rotation ROM, its axis intersects the {{c1::root of scapular spine}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the end of scapulothoracic joint upward rotation ROM, its axis intersects the {{c1::acromioclavicular joint}}
Published	07/30/2024	What are the upward rotators of the scapula?{{c1::Trapezius (upper, middle, lower)Serratus anterior::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::serratus}} muscle {{c2::upwardly}} rotates {{c2::externally}}, rotates, {{c2::posteriorly}} tilts the scapula
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::trapezius}} muscle {{c2::upwardly}} rotates, {{c2::internally}} rotates, {{c2::anteriorly}} tilts the scapula
Published	07/30/2024	The anterior deltoid starts assisting in shoulder aBduction after {{c1::15}}° of glenohumeral aBduction
Published	07/30/2024	Which fibers of the deltoid act as joint compressors?{{c1::posterior deltoid}}
Published	07/30/2024	The deltoid has a {{c1::small::small/large}} moment arm
Published	07/30/2024	Which muscle compensates when there is no deltoid function?{{c1::Supraspinatus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which muscle prevents inferior sublaxation of the humerus when arm is in dependent position{{c1::Supraspinatus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Deltoid activity peaks at {{c1::90° aBduction}} and then plateaus
Published	07/30/2024	The activity of rotator cuff muscles (except supraspinatus) rise linearly from {{c1::0–115}}° elevation and {{c2::drops}} thereafter
Published	07/30/2024	The rotator cuffs (except supraspinatus) are more active during {{c1::flexion::flexion vs. aBudction}}
Published	07/30/2024	What muscles support the shoulder girdle against gravity?{{c1::Upper trapeziusLevator scapula}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::serratus anterior}} muscle is the prime mover of scapular {{c1::upward rotation}}*bonus: give synergist
Published	07/30/2024	The trapezius and serratus anterior muscles are synergist to deltoid for glenohumeral {{c1::aBduction}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Trapezius::trapezius vs. serratus anterior}} activity rises linearly upto 180° shoulder {{c1::aBduction}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Serratus anterior::trapezius vs. serratus anterior}} activity rises linearly upto 180° shoulder {{c1::flexion}}
Published	07/30/2024	The serratus anterior has a {{c1::large::small/large}} moment arm
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::rhomboids}} act as syngergists to scapular upward rotation during shoulder {{c1::aBduction}} by offsetting {{c3::lateral translation}} from …
Published	07/30/2024	In shoulder depression, the scapula tends to rotate {{c1::downward}} and {{c1::retract (aDduct)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Shoulder elevation and depression are relative to the position of the {{c1::trunk}}
Published	07/30/2024	The latissimus dorsi compresses the glenohumeral joint during {{c1::aBduction}}
Published	07/30/2024	When the upper extremity is loaded, contraction of the latissimus dorsi {{c1::pulls pelvis upward::action}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which portion of the pectoralis major is a key shoulder depressor{{c1::Sternal portion}}
Published	07/30/2024	What are the muscles of shoulder depression{{c1::1. Latissimus dorsi2. Pectoralis major}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::rhomboids}} act as syngergists to {{c1::teres major}} during shoulder depression by offsetting its {{c3::upward}} rotary torque
Published	07/30/2024	1. Wind-up2. Cocking (early and late)3. Acceleration4. Deceleration5. Follow-through
Published	07/30/2024	During the {{c1::wind-up}} stage of throwing, there is minimal shoulder activity
Published	07/30/2024	stage of throwing: {{c2::deltoid}} muscle reaches peak activation during {{c1::early cocking}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::rotator cuff (except subscapularis)}} muscle reaches peak activation during {{c1::late cocking::stage of throwing}}
Published	07/30/2024	stage of throwing: during late-cocking, there is maximal {{c1::external}} rotation and {{c1::valgus}} stress
Published	07/30/2024	stage of throwing: ball is released during {{c1::acceleration}}
Published	07/30/2024	stage of throwing: early during {{c1::acceleration}}, the {{c2::triceps brachii}} are activated
Published	07/30/2024	stage of throwing: {{c1::deceleration}} is the most harmful phase where there is {{c2::eccentric}} contraction of all muscles
Published	07/30/2024	stage of throwing: {{c1::deceleration}} phase has the highest torque
Published	07/30/2024	Static component of shoulder complex stabilization:1. {{c1::Rotator interval capsule}}2. {{c1::Negative intra-articular pressure}}3. {{c1::Glenoid inc…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::acromiclavicular}} joint allows the scapula to rotate in 3 dimensions during arm movement
Published	07/30/2024	Ligaments that reinforce the AC joint:{{c1::Superior AC ligamentInferior AC ligamentCoracoclavicular ligament}}
Published	07/30/2024	Available ROM for AC Joint for sole internal and external rotation: {{c1::30}}o
Published	07/30/2024	Available ROM for AC Joint for sole internal and external rotation with horizontal adduction: {{c1::60}}o
Published	07/30/2024	Is the Scapulothoracic joint a real joint?{{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Resting position of the scapula:1. {{c3::5}} cm from the midline between the {{c3::2nd}} through {{c3::7th}} ribs2. {{c2::internally rotated}} {{c1::3…
Published	07/30/2024	caput humerus faces: {{c1::superiorly}}, {{c1::medially}}, {{c2::posteriorly}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fibrocartilage::Type of connective tissue}} attaches the labrum to the periphery of glenoid cavity
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::glenoid labrum}} serves as attachment sites for GH ligaments and tendon of long head of biceps brachii
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of glenohumeral flexion w/o help from AC or ST joint movement: {{c1::150}}o
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of glenohumeral extension w/o help from AC or ST joint movement: {{c1::50}}o
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of glenohumeral abduction w/o help from AC or ST joint movement and external rotation: {{c1::90}}o
Published	07/30/2024	ROM of glenohumeral abduction w/ external rotation: {{c1::120}}o
Published	07/30/2024	Glenohumeral aBduction is increased by {{c1::35–40}}° in {{c2::external}} rotation
Published	07/30/2024	During sternoclavicular joint {{c1::elevation/depression}}, the {{c2::upper}} end of the SC disc acts as the pivot point and {{c2::does not}} move wit…
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