Notes in 01 Opioid Medications

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Published	06/17/2024	{{c1::Loperamide}} is a(n) {{c2::μ-opioid}} agonist that does not cross the BBB, therefore there is no analgesia and low potential for addiction
Published	06/17/2024	{{c1::Diphenoxylate}} is a(n) {{c2::μ-opioid}} agonist that does cross the BBB, therefore it is combined with {{c3::atropine}} to prevent abuse
Published	06/17/2024	A patient is more likely to get addicted to which anti-diarrheal μ-opioid agonist?{{c1::Diphenoxylate; it crosses the BBB}}
Published	06/17/2024	Which opioid receptor does β-endorphin bind to? {{c1::μ-opioid receptor}}
Published	06/17/2024	Which opioid receptor does enkephalin bind to?{{c1::δ-opioid receptor}}
Published	06/17/2024	Which opioid receptor does dynorphin bind to?{{c1::κ-opioid receptor}}
Published	06/17/2024	The {{c1::μ}}-opioid receptor mediates most of the clinical and adverse effects
Published	06/17/2024	Opiate receptor activation causes {{c1::opening}} of {{c2::K+}} channels
Published	06/17/2024	Opiate receptor activation causes {{c1::closure}} of voltage-gated {{c2::Ca2+}} channels
Published	06/17/2024	Opiate receptor activation causes closure of {{c1::pre}}-synaptic Ca2+ channels, which {{c2::decreases}} release of neurotransmitters (e.g. ACh, NE, 5…
Published	09/03/2024	Fentanyl and morphine are opioid agonists that may be used for {{c1::pain}} relief
Published	09/03/2024	Loperamide and diphenoxylate are μ-opioid agonists that can be used as anti-{{c1::diarrheals}}
Published	06/17/2024	Codeine and dextromethorphan are opioid agonists that may be used as anti-{{c1::tussives}}
Published	06/17/2024	Opioid analgesics are associated with CNS {{c1::depression}} as an adverse effect
Published	06/17/2024	What change in bowel movement is associated with activation of μ-opioid receptors?{{c1::Constipation}}
Published	06/17/2024	What adverse effects of opiates persist even after tolerance develops?{{c1::Miosis}} and {{c1::constipation}}
Published	06/17/2024	{{c1::Methadone}} is a long-acting μ-receptor agonist used to attenuate opioid withdrawal symptoms
Published	06/17/2024	Methadone and buprenorphine are useful for opioid detoxication due to their {{c1::long}} half lives
Published	06/17/2024	{{c1::Buprenorphine}} is a long-acting partial μ-opioid agonist used to attenuate opioid withdrawal symptoms
Published	06/17/2024	Buprenorphine, and butorphanol are μ-opioid {{c1::partial agonists}}
Published	06/17/2024	{{c1::Partial opioid}} agonists can cause {{c2::opioid withdrawal}} symptoms if the patient is also taking a full opioid agonist
Published	06/17/2024	In addition to typical opioid adverse effects, tramadol also may cause decreased {{c1::seizure}} threshold and {{c2::serotonin}} syndrome
Published	09/03/2024	What drug intoxication presents as respiratory and CNS depression, pinpoint pupils and decreased gag reflex? {{c1::Opioids}}
Published	09/03/2024	What drug withdrawal is associated with yawning? {{c1::Opioid withdrawal}}
Published	09/03/2024	What drug withdrawal is associated with nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea? {{c1::Opioid withdrawal}}
Published	09/03/2024	Opioid withdrawal presents with pupillary {{c1::dilation}}
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Methadone}} is a long-acting oral opiate used for opioid detoxification or long-term maintenance therapy
Published	06/17/2024	Rapid Diagnosis:Acute change in mental status, low respiration, pupils <1 mm{{c1::Acute opioid intoxication (tx with naloxone)}}
Published	06/17/2024	Clonidine may be used for symptom control in {{c1::opioid}} withdrawal
Published	06/17/2024	Patients with opioid intoxication may experience {{c1::brady}}cardia and {{c1::hypo}}tension
Published	06/17/2024	Is codeine by itself bioactive?{{c1::No}}
Published	06/17/2024	{{c1::Naltrexone}} = prevent relapse in opioid use disorder but only in absence of acute withdrawal symptoms {{c1::Methadone or Suboxone (Buprenorphi…
Published	06/17/2024	Supportive measures for opioid withdrawal include:- alpha-2 adrenergic agonists ({{c1::clonidine}} for anxiety and hypertension- ibuprofen (for muscle…
Published	06/17/2024	Gastrointestinal-specific opioid antagonists such as {{c1::methylnaltrexone}} can be used in patients to reverse opioid-induced constipation
Published	06/17/2024	{{c1::Morphine}}, heroin, and {{c3::codeine}} are {{c4::natural}} opioids
Published	06/17/2024	Codeine is activated by CYP2D6. If you have no functional alleles for CYP2D6, then the effect of codeine will be {{c1::little to none}}
Published	06/17/2024	Codeine is activated by CYP2D6. If you have more than 2 functional alleles for CYP2D6, then the effect of codeine will be {{c1::opioid toxicity}}
Published	06/17/2024	Which opioid can cause QT prolongation as a possible side effect?{{c1::Methadone}}
Published	06/17/2024	The {{c1::Porter and Jick}} paper stated that use of narcotic drugs in hospitals rarely lead to the development of addiction.
Published	06/17/2024	An opi{{c2::ate}} is any natural agents with morphine-like properties.An opi{{c1::oid}} is any agent, natural/synthetic that acts on opioid receptors.…
Published	06/17/2024	Opioid receptors are all {{c1::GPCRs::type of receptor}}.
Published	06/17/2024	Opioids can cause {{c1::flushing::dermatologic sx}}.
Published	06/17/2024	Meperidine is an opioid that is not commonly used as it can cause {{c1::seizures}} and has a {{c1::lesser miotic}} effect.
Published	06/17/2024	Pentazocine is an opioid agonist use for analgesia with a {{c1::lesser miotic}} effect.
Published	06/17/2024	Loperamide, an opiod used as an anti-diarrheal, can cause {{c1::QTc prolongation::cardiac effect}}.
Published	06/17/2024	{{c1::Gooseflesh}} is a dermatologic symptom of opiate withdrawal.
Published	06/17/2024	Buprenorphine requires a minimum COWS score of {{c1::8}} to initiate treatment in order to prevent {{c2::precipitated withdrawal::side effect}}.
Published	06/23/2024	{{c1::Naloxone}} is a μ-opioid inverse agonist used to treat acute opioid toxicity (can precipitate withdrawal)
Published	06/23/2024	Most opioid analgesics cause {{c1::miosis::pupil size}}
Published	06/23/2024	Opioid analgesics may cause significant dose-dependent respiratory {{c1::depression::depression or stimulation}}
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