Notes in 📅 Merch 27 ✪ AM ✪ EM

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Published	01/14/2024	Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of the steady state in which body fluid compartmentA. Extracellular fluidB. Intracellular fluidC. Interstit…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is the most common control mechanism regulating hormone release?A. Biological RhythmB. Feedforward ControlC. Negative Cont…
Published	01/14/2024	Any regulated variable can more or less have a narrow range of normal values depending on the external environment. Which of the principles of homeost…
Published	01/14/2024	(10) The mere sight and/or smell of food act the mechanisms of gastric acid secretion is an example of aA. Biological rhythmB. Feedforward regulationC…
Published	01/14/2024	A substance is regularly released from a gland every morning regardless of external cues. This process is an example of:A. AdaptationB. Acclimatizatio…
Published	01/14/2024	The reflex response is different from local homeostatic response because reflex response isA. Initiated by a cell at a different siteB. Initiates…
Published	01/14/2024	Which component of the reflex arc directly produces a response?A. Afferent PathwayB. Integration center C. Effector organ D. Efferent r…
Published	01/14/2024	When a normal person is in a state of increased body temperature, the response of the smooth muscles in the skin blood vessels is to _____ in order to…
Published	01/14/2024	The simple diffusion of a polar substance is enhanced when this parameter is increased.A. Channel numberB. Lipid SolubilityC. Membrane thicknessD…
Published	01/14/2024	ATP is indirectly used in which transport mechanism?A. Transport of Na/KB. Transport of Na/amino acidsC. Transport of H+ from parietal cells to the lu…
Published	01/14/2024	In the absence of ATP, the sodium-glucose cotransport will not function because:A. The carrier will be destroyed.B. Glucose will be unable to bind to …
Published	01/14/2024	(7) Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 (slow twitch) muscle fibers?A.They have contain large amounts of myoglobinB.They are larger f…
Published	01/14/2024	(8) Which type of muscle stimulation causes an increase in tension but no shortening of the muscle fibers?A.IsotonicB.IsometricC.Type I SummationD.Typ…
Published	01/14/2024	(9) Which of the following is correctly paired regarding the cross-bridge cycle?A.ATP binding -> attached stateB.Hydrolysis of ATP -> power stro…
Published	01/14/2024	(11)All of the following mediates muscle contraction in the sarcoplasm. Which of these is the most common and more important mechanism in the skeletal…
Published	01/14/2024	(12) Which of the following initiate the activation of actin and myosin in skeletal muscle?A.Calcium ionB.ATPC.Action PotentialD.Acetylcholine
Published	01/14/2024	(13)The triad in skeletal muscle physiology is composed of the following componentsA.Transverse tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, z diskB.Transverse tub…
Published	01/14/2024	(15) Rigor Mortis - the state of extreme muscle rigidity is experienced soon after death due to the lack ofA.Adenosine TriphosphateB.Calcium ionsC.Cro…
Published	01/14/2024	(17) Which of the following landmarks does not change when the sarcomere constricts maximally?A.Z lineB.H zoneC.I bandD.A band
Published	01/14/2024	(19) Pyrophosphate is a substance that inhibits Hydroxyapatite crystallization and calcification of bone. Its levels are primarily regulated by which …
Published	01/14/2024	(20) What are the expected effects of calcitonin to attain the desired level of plasma calcium ion concentration?1.Increased uptake in the intestine2.…
Published	01/14/2024	(21) 21. The osteoblast has a diverse function during bone remodeling. It secretes multiple molecules that affect bone calcification, deposition, and …
Published	01/14/2024	(22) Which of the following enables bone resorption to continue?1.TNAP2.NPP13.OPG4.M-CSF5.ANK6.RANKL
Published	01/14/2024	(23) Which of the following participates in absorption of calcium?A.Sodium Calcium ExchangerB.CalbindinC.Calcium PumpD.Calcium Channel
Published	01/14/2024	(24) What percentage and form of calcium in the plasma is the most important for most body functionA.41% combined proteinsB.9% complex anionsC.50% ion…
Published	01/14/2024	(25) Which of the following prevents RANKL to bind to its receptor RANK, thereby inhibiting differentiation of preosteoclast into mature osteoclast?Os…
Published	01/14/2024	(26) Bone remodeling is a dynamic process. It is the interplay between bone deposition and resorption Which of the following is recognized as the valu…
Published	01/14/2024	(29) During the slow phase of bone resorption mediated by the PTH, activation of osteoclastic system occurs. Which of the following occurs?A.Immediate…
Published	01/14/2024	(30) Sun exposure is essential to avoid vitamin D deficiency. This is critical because Cholecalciferol is formed in the skin via irradiation by Ultrav…
Published	01/14/2024	31. Which of the following statements regarding the intestinal absorption of calcium is false?A.Active transcellular absorption occurs throughout the …
Published	01/14/2024	(43) Which of the following is/are true regarding the type I, type IIa and type IIb muscle fibers1.Type I is oxidative2.Type IIa has a large diameter3…
Published	01/14/2024	(44) Which of the following is/are correct regarding skeletal muscles?A.Mechanism of excitation is through theneuromuscular junctionB.Action potential…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these is true of facilitated transport across plasma membrane?A. Requires ATP to function B. Requires carrier proteinsC. Transports subs…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following characteristics is in secondary active transport but not of primary active transport?A. Requires ATPB. Requires carrierC. Requi…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following characteristics are shared by simple and facilitated diffusion?A. Occurs down an electrochemical gradientB. Is saturableC.…
Published	01/14/2024	Two fluid compartments are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Compartment A is filled with 50 mL of 3% NaCl while Compartment B is filled with 50 …
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following transport processes is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by …
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following would occur as a result of inhibition of sodium potassium pump?A. Decreased in intracellular Na+ concentrationB. Increased intr…
Published	01/14/2024	This is true of the Na+/K+ pump in a resting membraneA. Exemplifies a primary passive transport processB. Transports 2 K+ into the cell against e…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of these second messengers is associated with the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?A. cAMPB. IP3C. DAGD. Prot…
Published	01/14/2024	When receptors are completely filled with its ligand, then they are said to be in 100% ________A. AffinityB. CompetitionC. SaturationD. Specifici…
Published	01/14/2024	What do receptors, enzymes, and transporters have in common that explains why they all exhibit saturation, specificity, and competition?A. They a…
Published	01/14/2024	Which protein will directly require Ca2+ to be fully activated?A. CalmodulinB. JAKC. Adenylyl CyclaseD. cAMP
Published	01/14/2024	For a substance to be classified as hormone or neuroendocrine hormone it lies whether it is:A. Polar or nonpolarB. Secreted by ducts and/or glandsC. S…
Published	01/14/2024	MMC. Characteristic of secondary active transport1. Can be saturated or inhibited2. Requires carrier/s all the time3. Require…
Published	01/14/2024	The extracellular component has greater __ ions than in the intracellular component.A. PhosphateB. PotassiumC. MagnesiumD. Bicarbonate
Published	01/14/2024	Transport of sodium through a cellular sheet, such as through the intestinal epithelium, is basically composed of ____ transport at the apical membran…
Published	01/14/2024	MMC. Which of the substances readily diffuses through the lipid bilayer:1. Carbon Dioxide2. Sodium ion3. Nitrogen4. Water
Published	01/14/2024	These are forms of primary active transport:2. Sodium-Amino Acid Co-Transport3. Sodium-Glucose Co-Transport4. Sodium Channels1. Sodium potassium pump
Published	01/14/2024	The messenger that activates the alpha s subunit of G-protein1. cAMP2. Calcitonin3. Oxytocin
Published	01/14/2024	MMC. Which hormones are matched correctly with its receptor pathway?1. Insulin - Enzyme-Linked 2. Acetylcholine - Ion Gated Linked receptor 3. Thyroid…
Published	01/14/2024	MMC. Which of the following statement/s best describes the down regulation system?1. Internalization of receptors via receptor-mediated endocytos…
Published	01/14/2024	A hormone was secreted and combined with its receptors on other nearby cell types. This hormone also combines with the receptors on neighboring cells …
Published	01/14/2024	What is the greatest contributor to the generation of resting membrane potential?A. Na+ influxB. K+ efflux C. Na+ / K+ PumpsD. Cl-…
Published	01/14/2024	Typical resting membrane potential of a neuronA. +40 mVB. -70 mVC. -55 mVD. 0
Published	01/14/2024	What is a characteristic of a graded potential but not of action potential?A. Its amplitude is related to the magnitude of the stimulus B. It is …
Published	01/14/2024	Which sodium channel is involved in the upstroke phase of the neuronal action potential? A. Leak gates channelsB. Ligand-gated channelsC. Voltage…
Published	01/14/2024	In a myelinated neuron, where is the action potential generated as it travels through the axon?A. Axon hillock B. Dendrites C. Nodes of Ranv…
Published	01/14/2024	The hyperpolarization phase of neuron action potential is brought by:A. Rapid closure of sodium channelB. Rapid opening of potassium channelC. Sl…
Published	01/14/2024	The velocity of conduction of action potential along the nerve will be increased byA. Stimulating the Na-K pumpB. Inhibiting the Na-K pump&n…
Published	01/14/2024	Marites stimulated a plasma membrane and an action potential (AP) resulted. Soon after, Vincent stimulated the same membrane and another AP resulted. …
Published	01/14/2024	Chemical Synapse link two cells together by _________  that is released from one cell and diffuse to anotherA. Gap junctionB. Neuromodulator&nbsp…
Published	01/14/2024	What is the synaptic vesicle Ca ion receptor that senses the local rise of calcium ions that causes exocytosis?A. Snap 25B. SynaptotagminC. Synap…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following is NOT considered as a classical neurotransmitter?A. Acetylcholine B. GlycineC. Norepinephrine D. Nitric Oxide
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following, when applied to a neuron or muscle fiber, might result in an event that appears to benefit from a longer length constant due t…
Published	01/14/2024	Which of the following statements is CORRECT about feedback inhibition?A. A postsynaptic inhibition by Renshaw CellB. Commonly seen and observed …
Published	01/14/2024	What is produced by a small quanta of acetylcholine randomly released by a nerve cell membrane at rest, producing a spike of 0.5mV in amplitude, and i…
Published	01/14/2024	What inactivates the synapse of acetylcholinesterase for weeks?A. CarbacholB. Di-isoprophyl Fluorophosphate C. Neostigmine D. Nicotine
Published	01/14/2024	What is the target of Tetanus toxin?A. Acetylcholine B. Synaptobrevin C. SNAP 25 D. Syntaxin
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