Notes in Bronchiectasis

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Published	11/02/2023	{{c4::Bronchiectasis}} is the clinical syndrome of chronic {{c1::cough}} (usually productive) WITH abnormal {{c2::thickening}} and {{c2::dilation…
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Published	11/02/2023	Pathogenesis of Bronchiectasis- vicious cycle: infection → {{c1::inflammation}} → {{c2::mucus}} stasis → tissue damage leads to irrever…
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Published	11/02/2023	Bronchiectasis on Imaging- CXR can give clues but is rarely diagnostic (not very sensitive)→ might show "{{c1::tram tracking}}” (blue arrows) is indic…
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Published	11/02/2023	Treatments for bronchiectasis managementtreating underlying cause- treatment of infection ({{c2::antibiotics/antimicrobial}} for TB or other specific …
Published	11/02/2023	Sputum {{c1::acid-fast bacilli}} (AFB) culture for non-tuberculous mycobacteria if it is localized
Published	11/02/2023	flow-volume loopsA = normal F-V loop B = {{c1::obstructive}} ventilatory defect (mild-moderate) with “scooped” expiratory limb of F-V loop*this is see…
Published	11/02/2023	Bronchiectasis is a form of {{c1::OBSTRUCTIVE}} lung disease- low {{c3::FEV1/FVC ratio}}- lung {{c2::volumes}} are usually normal (but might be reduce…
Published	11/02/2023	digital {{c1::clubbing}} is a physical exam finding of bronchiectasis
Published	11/02/2023	cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia can both results in bronchial wall thickening *co-existing {{c1::steatorrhea (fatty stools)}} poin…
Published	11/02/2023	Cystic Fibrosis- prevalence: 8 per 100,000 in the US, similar in Europemore than 70% of cases are diagnosed by age 2more than 50% of the CF populati…
Published	11/02/2023	Cystic Fibrosis- genetic disorder with autosomal {{c1::recessive}} inheritance - cause: mutations in the {{c2::cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductan…
Published	11/02/2023	CF pathogenesis- defective channel → decreased secretion of {{c2::chloride}} and increased reabsorption of {{c1::sodium}} and {{c1::water}} from …
Published	11/02/2023	Pathogens that are most commonly isolated on sputum culture in infectious exacerbations in patients with CF:bacterial- Staphylococcus {{c2::aureus}} (…
Published	11/02/2023	CFTR Modulator TherapiesIvacaftor = “{{c1::potentiator}}” → restores chloride channel {{c3::function}}*rarely used  Lumacaftor, elexacaftor, and…
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