Notes in 05 Basics of Biologic Immunotherapies

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Published	01/26/2024	For our immune system to kill cancer cells, we want to have a Th{{c1::1}} response
Published	01/26/2024	Unique tumor epitopes can come from various sources:{{c1::Point}} mutationsPoint mutations which make a new {{c2::cleavage}} site -> new epitopeRea…
Published	01/26/2024	Naive T cells require 3 signals for activation:{{c1::TCR-MHC::Activation}}{{c1::CD28-B7 (but this can be a lot of different things)::Survival}}{{c1::C…
Published	01/26/2024	The TCR cannot signal on its own and needs the {{c1::CD3}} complex to signal to the rest of the cell
Published	01/26/2024	CAR T cell therapy has the CD3 {{c1::zeta}} chain, so it can mimic TCR signaling by activating its ITAM
Published	01/26/2024	The co-stimulatory molecule for T cell signaling is most famously CD28-B7, but it can be a {{c1::variety}} of different things which lead to activatio…
Published	01/26/2024	{{c1::CAR T Cell}} therapy works by having a single construct of an antibody variable region on the outside of a T cell that is connected to an co-sti…
Published	01/26/2024	Steps of {{c1::CAR T cell}} therapy:We remove T cells from the patient -> make special T cells with the chimeric antigen receptor -> grow billio…
Published	01/26/2024	CAR T cell therapy is great against {{c1::B}} cell malignancies, especially those that are refractory to surgery and chemo (especially in pediatr…
Published	01/26/2024	{{c1::Transgenic TCR}} therapy is similar to CAR T cell therapy, but instead of sticking an antibody on the outside of cells, you are attaching a tran…
Published	01/26/2024	NK cells recognize tumor cells that have downregulated {{c1::MHC class I}}, but they also need to have sufficient {{c2::activating}} ligands on their …
Published	01/26/2024	If there is downregulated MHC class I and no activating ligands, NK cells {{c1::don't::do vs. don''t}} get activated
Published	01/26/2024	{{c1::NK cell infusions}} is a cancer therapy where you take out a patient's own NK cells and infuse a bunch of different NK cells which will fin…
Published	01/26/2024	Dendritic cells can lead to a variety of different adaptive immune responses, but in order to kill cancer, we want to induce a type {{c1::1}} response…
Published	01/26/2024	Dendritic cells regulate T cells in a {{c1::complicated}} manner as there are lots of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory ligands in every T cell priming…
Published	01/26/2024	General idea of {{c1::dendritic cell}} immunotherapy::Harvest cells from the patient -> turn them into DCs -> throw in some tumor fragments/prot…
Published	01/26/2024	Dendritic cell immunotherapy has had {{c1::mid}} results in practice
Published	01/26/2024	{{c1::Neo-epitope vaccination}} is a technique where cancer patients get their tumor sequenced to find novel, immunologic epitopes and then they take …
Published	01/26/2024	{{c1::Monoclonal antibodies}} (ex. rituximab) bind to targets on the outside of cancer cells and induce complement or induce antibody-dependent cytoto…
Published	01/26/2024	Some monoclonal antibodies work by blocking {{c1::growth}} factor signaling and some are anti-{{c1::angiogenic}} (blocking VEGF)
Published	01/26/2024	BiTe cells are cells work by having an antibody that binds to {{c1::T}} cells and {{c1::tumor}} cells, forcing them to interact
Published	01/26/2024	Success with {{c1::BiTE cell}} immunotherapy in targeting cancer is beginning to show some efficacy in certain studies
Published	01/26/2024	Answer = {{c1::F}}
Published	01/26/2024	{{c1::T}} cells are the cells that you want to eventually activate in targeting cancer cells
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