Notes in Orbit

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Published	11/09/2024	Contents of Orbit - Clinical Correlates
Published	11/18/2024	Orbit nerves and their orbit branches
Published	11/18/2024	Branches of CN V1
Published	11/20/2024	Branches of CN V1
Published	11/20/2024	Central retinal arteryCourses through (pierces) {{c1::optic}} nerve Supplies blood to {{c1::retina}}
Published	11/20/2024	Orbit associated bony spacesSuperior (roof): {{c1::Anterior cranial fossa}}Inferior (floor): {{c1::Maxillary sinus}}Lateral: {{c2::Infr…
Published	11/20/2024	Orbital {{c1::margin}} is relatively strong (thick)Orbital {{c1::walls}} are relatively weak (thin)
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::Inferior::direction}} orbital wall fractures are the most common
Published	11/20/2024	Superior orbital wall fractures displaces orbital contents into {{c1::anterior cranial fossa}}
Published	11/20/2024	Medial orbital wall fractures displaces orbital contents into {{c1::ethmoid sinus}} and {{c1::sphenoidal sinus}}
Published	11/20/2024	Inferior orbital wall fractures displaces orbital contents into {{c1::maxillary sinus}}
Published	11/20/2024	Optic canal contents{{c1::Optic (CN II)}} nerve{{c1::Ophthalmic}} artery
Published	11/20/2024	Superior orbital fissure contents{{c1::Oculomotor (CN III)}} nerve{{c1::Trochlear (CN IV)}} nerve{{c1::Ophthalmic (CN V1)}} nerve{{c2::Lacrimal}} nerv…
Published	11/20/2024	Inferior orbital fissure contents{{c1::Maxillary (CN V2)}} nerve{{c2::Infraorbital}} nerve{{c2::Zygomatic}} nerve{{c1::Inferior ophthalmic}} vein
Published	11/20/2024	Supraorbital foramen contents{{c1::Supraorbital}} nerve{{c1::Supraorbital}} vessels
Published	11/20/2024	Anterior ethmoid foramen contents{{c1::Anterior ethmoid}} nerve{{c1::Anterior ethmoid}} vessels
Published	11/20/2024	Posterior ethmoid foramen contents{{c1::Posterior ethmoid}} nerve{{c1::Posterior ethmoid}} vessels
Published	11/20/2024	Nasolacrimal canal contents{{c1::Lacrimal sac}}{{c1::Nasolacrimal duct}}
Published	11/20/2024	Infraorbital foramen contents:{{c1::Infraorbital}} nerve{{c1::Infraorbital}} vessels
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::Orbital septum}} separates face superficial fascia and orbital contents
Published	11/20/2024	Eyelids are also called {{c1::palpebrae}}
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::Palpebral fissure}} is the space between eyelids
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::Medial palpebral commissure}} and {{c1::lateral palpebral commissure}} are at the corners of the eye
Published	11/20/2024	Medial and lateral palpebral commissures are also called {{c1::canthi}} as plural or {{c1::canthus}} as singular
Published	11/20/2024	Tarsal glands are also called {{c2::meibomian}} glandsLocation: {{c1::upper tarsal plate::eye structure}} and {{c1::lower tarsal plate::eye …
Published	11/20/2024	Ciliary glandsLocation: {{c1::medial::direction}} in eyelid tissue next to eyelashes and {{c1::anterior::direction}} to tarsal glands (meibomian …
Published	11/20/2024	{{c1::Chalazion}} which is also called {{c1::meibomian cyst}}Clogged {{c2::tarsal}} glands{{c2::Painless::painful/painless}}
Published	11/21/2024	{{c1::Hordeolum}} which is also called a {{c1::stye}}Infected {{c2::tarsal}} glands or {{c2::ciliary}} glands{{c2::Painful::painful/painless}}
Published	11/12/2024	Ciliary body componentsCiliary muscleAction: contracts causing {{c1::zonular fibers::eye structure}} to {{c1::relax::action}}Function: {{c1:…
Published	11/07/2024	Extraocular muscle movements include:{{c1::Elevation}} and {{c1::depression}}{{c1::Abduction}} and {{c1::adduction}}{{c1::Extorsion}} and&nb…
Published	11/09/2024	{{c2::Palpebral}} conjunctiva covers {{c1::inner}} surface of {{c1::eyelids}}{{c2::Bulbar}} conjunctiva covers {{c1::anterior}} surface of {{c1::scler…
Published	11/07/2024	{{c2::Conjunctivitis}} which is also called {{c2::pink eye}}{{c1::Inflammation::effect}} of conjunctiva
Published	11/09/2024	Refractive elements in the eye{{c1::Cornea}}{{c1::Lens}} {{c2::Aqueous humor}}{{c2::Vitreous body}}
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Iris}} is a pigmented smooth muscle structure that controls the size of pupil
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Pupil}} is the central aperture (opening) of the iris
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Retina::eye structure}} is the neural layer for {{c2::phototransduction::ability}} which is the process of absorbing photons and converting ligh…
Published	11/09/2024	Chambers of the eye include:{{c1::Anterior chamber}}Between {{c2::cornea}} and {{c2::iris}}{{c1::Posterior chamber}}Between {{c2::iris}} and…
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Aqueous humor}} is fluid within {{c2::anterior chamber}} and {{c2::posterior chamber}}
Published	11/07/2024	{{c1::Vitreous body}} is gelatinous mass within {{c2::vitreous chamber}}
Published	11/18/2024	{{c1::Vitreous body}} function:Holds {{c2::retina}} in place{{c2::Cannot::can/cannot}} be replenished after eye develops
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Cornea}} has fixed refractive power of {{c2::2x}} magnification
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Lens}} has adjustable refractive power in the eye
Published	11/12/2024	Layers of the eye and their associated structures:{{c1::Fibrous layer}}{{c2::Cornea}}{{c2::Sclera}}{{c1::Vascular layer}}{{c3::Iris}}{{c3::Ciliary bod…
Published	11/11/2024	Muscles of the eye attach to the {{c1::sclera::eye structure}}
Published	11/07/2024	Cornea contents{{c1::Does::does/doesn't}} contain neurons{{c1::Doesn't::does/doesn't}} contain vessels
Published	11/07/2024	Cornea nourishment and metabolic waste is managed by {{c1::aqueous humor}} and {{c1::lacrimal fluid}}
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Cornea}} is reshaped by a laser in LASIK surgery
Published	11/07/2024	The {{c2::ciliary body}} is composed of the {{c1::ciliary muscle}} and {{c1::ciliary process}}
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Iridocorneal}} angle is the angle between {{c2::iris}} and {{c2::cornea}}
Published	11/19/2024	Aqueous humor courseSecreted by {{c1::ciliary epithelium}} into {{c1::posterior chamber}}Courses through {{c2::pupil::opening}} into&nb…
Published	11/07/2024	Iris melaninFunction: {{c1::reduces glare}}
Published	11/09/2024	Eyelid muscles include:{{c1::Orbicularis oculi}} muscle{{c1::Levator palpebrae superioris}} muscle
Published	11/09/2024	Orbicularis oculi muscleFunction: {{c1::closes eyelids}}Innervation: {{c1::Facial (CN VII)}} nerve
Published	11/17/2024	Levator palpebrae superioris muscleOrigin: {{c1::Orbit roof (apex)}}Insertion: {{c1::superior tarsal plate}}Function: {{c2::elevates up…
Published	11/11/2024	Superior tarsal (Müller muscle) muscleOrigin: {{c1::levator palpebrae superioris muscle}}Insertion: {{c1::superior tarsal plate}}Function:&n…
Published	11/07/2024	Extraocular muscles{{c1::Superior rectus}} muscle{{c1::Superior oblique}} muscle{{c1::Medial rectus}} muscle{{c1::Inferior oblique}} muscle{{c1::Infer…
Published	11/07/2024	Superior rectus muscleOrigin: {{c1::common tendinous ring}}Insertion: {{c1::upper globe}}Function: {{c2::eye elevation}}, {{c2::eye add…
Published	11/07/2024	Inferior rectus muscleOrigin: {{c1::common tendinous ring}}Insertion: {{c1::Lower globe}}Function: {{c2::eye deperession}}, {{c2::…
Published	11/07/2024	Medial rectus muscleOrigin: {{c1::common tendinous ring}}Insertion: {{c1::medial globe}}Function: {{c2::eye adduction}}Innervation:&nbs…
Published	11/07/2024	Lateral rectus muscleOrigin: {{c1::common tendinous ring}}Insertion: {{c1::lateral globe}}Function: {{c2::eye abduction}}Innervation:&n…
Published	11/11/2024	Superior oblique muscleOrigin: {{c1::Sphenoid bone (above optic canal)::portion of bone}}Insertion: {{c1::upper posterior globe}}Function:&n…
Published	11/17/2024	Inferior oblique muscleOrigin: {{c1::anteromedial orbit floor (maxilla)::bone}}Insertion: {{c1::lower posterior globe}}Function: {{c2::…
Published	11/07/2024	{{c1::Oblique}} extraocular muscles attach {{c2::posterior::direction}} to the equator of the eye{{c1::Rectus}} extraocular muscles attach {{c2::anter…
Published	11/09/2024	Looking at finger {{c2::superior::direction}} lateral to {{c2::left::left/right}} eye clinically tests:Left eye: {{c1::Superior rectus}} muscleRi…
Published	11/11/2024	Looking at finger {{c2::middle::direction}} lateral to {{c2::left::left/right}} eye clinically tests:Left eye: {{c1::lateral rectus}} muscleRight…
Published	11/09/2024	Looking at finger {{c2::inferior::direction}} lateral to {{c2::left::left/right}} eye clinically tests:Left eye: {{c1::inferior rectus}} muscleRi…
Published	11/09/2024	Looking at finger {{c2::superior::direction}} lateral to {{c2::right::left/right}} eye clinically tests:Left eye: {{c1::inferior oblique}} muscle…
Published	11/09/2024	Looking at finger {{c2::middle::direction}} lateral to {{c2::right::left/right}} eye clinically tests:Left eye: {{c1::medial rectus}} muscleRight…
Published	11/11/2024	Looking at finger {{c2::inferior::direction}} lateral to {{c2::right::left/right}} eye clinically tests:Left eye: {{c1::superior oblique}} muscle…
Published	11/07/2024	Lacrimal gland is located in the {{c1::superior::direction}} {{c1::lateral::direction}} quadrant of the bony orbit
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Lacrimal}} fluid is spread by:GravityBlinking
Published	11/09/2024	Lacrimal fluid functionsProvide {{c1::nutrients}} and {{c1::oxygen}}Cleanses {{c1::cornea::eye structure}}Collects {{c1::irritants}}
Published	11/09/2024	Lacrimal fluid drains to {{c1::medial::direction}} angle
Published	11/09/2024	Lacrimal gland parasympathetic innervation is from {{c1::superior salivatory (CN VII)}} nuclei to {{c1::pterygopalatine}} ganglion
Published	11/09/2024	Tear fluid moves from eye through {{c1::lacrimal sac::portion of duct}} then {{c1::nasolacrimal}} duct into {{c1::inferior nasal meatus…
Published	11/07/2024	{{c1::Sympathetic::sympathetic/parasympathetic}} innervation doesn't have a role in lens accommodation
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Parasympathetic::sympathetic/parasympathetic}} innervation does have a role in lens accommodation
Published	11/07/2024	Sympathetic innervation of eye starts at {{c1::T1}} spinal level within the {{c1::intermediolateral grey (IML)::portion of spinal cord}}
Published	11/09/2024	When ciliary muscle relaxes, the lens diamter is {{c1::large::small/large}} which is suited for {{c1::far::near/far}} vision
Published	11/09/2024	When ciliary muscle contract, the lens diamter is {{c1::small::small/large}} which is suited for {{c1::near::near/far}} vision
Published	11/09/2024	Lens becomes more spherical for {{c1::near::near/far}} vision due to its inherent elasticity
Published	11/09/2024	Dilator pupillae muscle activates in {{c1::low::low/bright}} light
Published	11/09/2024	Sphincter pupillae muscle activates in {{c1::bright::low/bright}} light
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Dilator::dilator/sphincter}} pupillae muscle activates during fight or flight response
Published	11/09/2024	Dilator pupillae are in a {{c1::radial}} arrangement
Published	11/09/2024	Sphincter pupillae are in a {{c1::circular}} arrangement
Published	11/12/2024	Inferior orbital wall fracture signs/symptoms{{c1::Diplopia::visual deficit}} caused by {{c2::inferior rectus}} muscle entrapment{{c1::lower eyel…
Published	11/12/2024	{{c2::Myopia::visual anomaly}} causes refractive error that causes light to focus {{c1::anterior::direction}} to retina
Published	11/09/2024	Hyperopia causes refractive error that causes light to focus {{c1::posterior::direction}} to retina
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Exophthalmos::clinical anomaly}} means eyeball/s protude from orbit
Published	11/09/2024	{{c1::Grave's disease::clinical anomaly}} is an autoimmune disease of the {{c2::thyroid gland}} that involves inflammation of orbit connective tissue …
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