Notes in Week 14 - MSK Infections

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Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Reactive arthritis}} is a type of arthritis characterized by indirect bacterial invasion
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Pyogenic/septic arthritis}} is a type of arthritis characterized by a purulent infection in the joint
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Viral arthritis}} is a type of arthritis characterized by immune complex deposition
Published	10/27/2024	What causes of osteomyelitis are common in IV drug users?{{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus::3}}
Published	10/27/2024	What causes of osteomyelitis are common in patients with diabetes?{{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Serratia marcescens::3}}
Published	10/27/2024	What cause of arthritis is common in tick bites?{{c1::Borrelia burgdorferi}}
Published	10/27/2024	What are the common causes of post-diarrheal reactive arthritis?{{c1::Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia en…
Published	10/27/2024	What causes of arthritis are common in sexually active adults?{{c1::Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis::2}}
Published	10/27/2024	What cause of osteomyelitis has vertebral body involvement?{{c1::Mycobacterium tuberculosis}}
Published	10/27/2024	Staphylococcus aureus is able to bind to the bone matrix via {{c1::collagen}} and {{c2::fibronectin}} binding proteins
Published	10/27/2024	In sexually active adults, is purulent arthritis more commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis?{{c1:…
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Neisseria gonorrhoeae}} is a bacteria is characterized by a "kidney-bean" shape?
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Major outer surface protein}} and {{c2::lipopolysaccharide}} are virulence factors associated with Borrelia burgdorferi
Published	10/27/2024	What serological test can be used to detect IgM and IgG in patients with Lyme disease?{{c1::Western blot}}
Published	10/27/2024	In addition to staining, {{c1::darkfield microscopy}} is an alternative way of visualizing Borrelia burgdorferi
Published	10/27/2024	What HLA subtype is associated with reactive arthritis?{{c1::HLA-B27}}
Published	10/27/2024	In sexually active adults, is reactive arthritis more commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis?…
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Staphylococcus aureus}} is the #1 cause of pyomyositis
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)}} is commonly nicknamed flesh-eating bacteria
Published	10/27/2024	A protein complex composed of {{c1::lipoteichoic acid}} and {{c2::M protein}} allow Streptococcus pyogenes to bind to {{c3::fibron…
Published	10/27/2024	The {{c1::M1}} and {{c1::M3}} subtypes of M protein allow Streptococcus pyogenes to evade phagocytosis
Published	10/27/2024	Toxic shock-like syndrome is a complication caused by {{c1::streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin}}, a virulence factor of Streptococcus pyog…
Published	10/27/2024	What bacteria is characterized by the production of subterminal spores?{{c1::Clostridium perfringens}}
Published	10/27/2024	Gas gangrene is most commonly caused by {{c1::post-traumatic}} exposure to soil
Published	10/27/2024	{{c1::Clostridium septicum}} is a bacteria that can cause spontaneous gas gangrene in patients with colon cancer
Published	10/27/2024	Pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens involve spores entering deep open wounds and converting into their {{c1::vegetative}} form
Published	10/27/2024	Virulence factors of Clostridium perfringens include the production of extracellular enzymes such as {{c1::collagenase}} or&n…
Published	10/27/2024	Gram staining of {{c1::Clostridium perfringens}} will show bacilli with a box car morphology
Published	10/27/2024	The {{c1::Nagler reaction}} involves the use of egg yolk agar to detect the presence of {{c2::α toxin}}
Published	10/27/2024	What bacteria is characterized by the production of terminal spores?{{c1::Clostridium tetani}}
Published	10/27/2024	Gram staining of {{c1::Clostridium tetani}} will show bacilli with a tennis racket or drum stick morphology
Published	10/27/2024	Along with tetanospasmin, {{c1::tetanolysin}} is a virulence factor of Clostridium tetani that contributes to cell lysis
Published	10/27/2024	Which fungus is described as a budding yeast with blastoconidia?{{c1::Candida spp.}}
Published	10/27/2024	Candida spp. can undergo phenotypic switching from {{c1::smooth}} colonies to {{c1::fuzzy}} colonies and vice versa
Published	10/27/2024	{{c2::Candida spp.}} is the most common cause of fungal {{c1::myositis}}, an inflammatory diseases marked by the immune system mistaken…
Published	10/27/2024	The {{c1::enteral}} phase of the Trichinella spiralis lifecycle occurs within {{c2::1 - 2}} days and is characterized by larv…
Published	10/27/2024	The {{c1::parenteral}} phase of the Trichinella spiralis lifecycle occurs within {{c2::2 - 8}} days and is cha…
Published	10/27/2024	The {{c1::enteral}} phase of the Trichinella spiralis life cycle is characterized by GI symptoms
Published	10/27/2024	The {{c1::parenteral}} phase of the Trichinella spiralis life cycle is characterized by eosinophilia and various inflammatory…
Published	10/27/2024	Diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis is performed through {{c2::serologic studies}} or {{c1::muscle biopsy}}
Published	10/29/2024	Osteomyelitis via {{c2::hematogenous}} spread is the most common primary route of infection in {{c1::children::demographic}}
Published	10/29/2024	In children, hematogenous osteomyelitis commonly affects the {{c1::long bones}} of the body
Published	10/29/2024	In adults, hematogenous osteomyelitis commonly affects the {{c1::vertebral bodies}}
Published	10/29/2024	Pathogenesis of osteomyelitis involves {{c3::pus}} spreading through {{c1::vascular channels}} and causing {{c2::necrosis}} in the surr…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::CRP}} is an acute-phase reactant often used as a marker for early treatment responses
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::ESR}} is an acute-phase reactant often used as a marker for long-term responses
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::Brodie's abscess}} is a {{c2::subacute}} osteomyelitis commonly affecting the distal {{c3::tibia}}
Published	10/29/2024	Brodie's abscess can present with a {{c1::penumbra sign}} on MRI imaging
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::Pott's puffy tumor}} is a rare sinus infection that manifests as a {{c2::subperiosteal abscess}} and osteomyelitis of the {{…
Published	10/29/2024	Initial treatment for hematogenous osteomyelitis in neonates is {{c1::ceftriaxone + vancomycin}}
Published	10/29/2024	Initial treatment for hematogenous osteomyelitis in older infants and children is {{c1::vancomycin}}
Published	10/29/2024	Initial treatment for hematogenous osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease is {{c1::ceftriaxone}}
Published	10/29/2024	Compared to children, hematogenous osteomyelitis in adults will present with minimal {{c1::constitutional}} symptoms
Published	10/29/2024	What causes of hematogenous osteomyelitis are common in IV drug users?{{c1::Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcesans::2}…
Published	10/29/2024	Osteomyelitis via {{c2::contiguous}} spread is the most common primary route of infection in {{c1::adults::demograp…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::MRSA}} is the most common causative organism for contiguous osteomyelitis
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::Staphyloccocus aureus}} is the most common causative organism for hematogenous osteomyelitis
Published	10/29/2024	Contiguous osteomyelitis can be seen in adults with {{c1::vascular insufficiency}} (e.g. diabetics)
Published	10/29/2024	Chronic osteomyelitis is more common in {{c1::adults::demographic}}
Published	10/29/2024	Osteomyelitis treatment is considered curative in {{c1::children::demographic}}
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::Staphylococcus aureus}} is the most common cause of septic arthritis
Published	10/29/2024	In infants, septic arthritis typically affects the {{c1::hips}}
Published	10/29/2024	In children and adults, septic arthritis typically affects the {{c1::knee}}
Published	10/29/2024	Neonates with septic arthritis classically position their hip in a {{c1::flexed, abducted, and externally rotated}} position to maximize cap…
Published	10/29/2024	The definitive test for septic arthritis is {{c1::joint aspiration}}
Published	10/29/2024	Joint aspiration of septic arthritis may show {{c1::leukocytosis::hematologic}}
Published	10/29/2024	{{c3::Gonococcal}} arthritis presents with papules that progress to hemorrhagic pustules on the {{c1::trunk}} and {{c2::extensor}}…
Published	10/29/2024	What imaging is used to diagnose necrotizing fasciitis caused by Clostridium perfringens?{{c1::CT w/ contrast}}
Published	10/29/2024	Necrotizing fasciitis is more commonly caused by {{c1::Streptococcus pyogenes::Streptococcus pyogenes or Clostridium perfringens}}
Published	10/29/2024	The {{c1::LRINEC}} score is a diagnostic tool that incorporates {{c2::CRP}}, {{c2::WBC count}}, and {{c2::CMP}} lab values to iden…
Published	10/29/2024	Pyomyositis can affect healthy individuals living in {{c1::tropical}} climates
Published	10/29/2024	Pyomyositis can affect immunocompromised individuals living {{c1::temperate}} climates
Published	10/29/2024	ID Microbe: {{c1::Trichinella spiralis}}
Published	10/29/2024	ID Microbe: {{c1::Trichinella spiralis}}
Published	10/29/2024	A patient who presents with muscle, bone, and retro-orbital pain as well as capillary friability is most likely infected with {{c1…
Published	10/29/2024	A patient who presents with slapped cheek syndrome is most likely infected with {{c1::Parvovirus B19}}
Published	10/29/2024	Neonates with tetanus are unable to {{c1::breastfeed}}
Published	10/29/2024	ID Microbe: {{c1::Trichinella spiralis}}
Published	10/29/2024	If time-restricted, {{c1::CT}} imaging may be more practical
Published	10/29/2024	Definitive diagnosis of osteomyelitis can be obtained through {{c1::bone biopsy}} or {{c2::microbial cultures}}
Published	10/29/2024	Non-hematogenous spread of osteomyelitis can occur {{c1::contiguously}} or via {{c1::direct inoculation}}
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