Notes in Pharmacokinetics

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/30/2023	Three phases of drug development
Published	08/30/2023	The purpose of clinical trials are to show {{c1::safety}}, {{c2::efficacy}}, {{c3::approval,}} and {{c4::long-term use}} of investigational new drugs.…
Published	08/30/2023	Purpose of Phase I Clinical Trial
Published	08/30/2023	Purpose of Phase II Clinical Trial
Published	08/30/2023	Purpose of Phase III Clinical Trial
Published	08/30/2023	Purpose of Phase IV Clinical Trial
Published	08/30/2023	Pharmacokinetics
Published	08/30/2023	Pharmacodynamics
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Published	08/30/2023	Pharmacokinetics is divided into {{c1::absorption}}, {{c1::distribution,}} {{c1::metabolism}}, {{c1::excretion}}. {{c1::ADME}}
Published	08/30/2023	General MOA for an administered drug
Published	08/30/2023	Therapeutic Index (definition)
Published	08/30/2023	Therapeutic Index (formula)
Published	08/30/2023	High ratio of TD50 / ED50 -> {{c1::increased safety}}
Published	08/30/2023	Drug-drug interactions in pharmacokinetics affects {{c1::ADME}} of each drug.
Published	08/30/2023	Drug-drug interactions in pharmacodynamics can have {{c1::synergistic/antagonistic effects}} on intented function.
Published	08/30/2023	enteral administration
Published	08/30/2023	peroral administration
Published	08/30/2023	buccal administration
Published	08/30/2023	rectal administration
Published	08/30/2023	parenteral administration
Published	08/30/2023	intravenous administration
Published	08/30/2023	SC/IM Administration
Published	08/30/2023	topical administration
Published	08/30/2023	Route of administration depends on medication {{c2::stability}} and {{c1::structure}}
Published	08/30/2023	first-pass metabolism
Published	08/30/2023	bioavailability of a drug administed IV
Published	08/30/2023	bioavailability
Published	08/30/2023	dosing regimen
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Published	08/30/2023	single dosing
Published	08/30/2023	continuous infusion
Published	08/30/2023	steady state concentration (Css)
Published	08/30/2023	Drugs reach steady-state concentration in {{c1::4-5 half-lives}} (time).
Published	08/30/2023	intermittent dosing
Published	08/30/2023	Maintenance Dosing Rate (mg/h) (formula)
Published	08/30/2023	Maintenance Dose (mg) (formula)
Published	08/30/2023	Meds with {{c1::small Vd}} remain in {{c2::plasma }}
Published	08/30/2023	Meds with {{c1::large Vd}} are {{c2:: distributed extensively }}
Published	08/30/2023	Loading Dose (mg) (formula)
Published	08/30/2023	Maintenance dose and loading dose depend on {{c1::clearance}}, {{c1::bioavailability}}, and {{c1::volume of distribution}}
Published	08/30/2023	Which aspects of prescription writing are affected by pharmacokinetic parameters?
Published	08/30/2023	What three major pharmacodynamic parameters affect dosing?
Published	08/30/2023	How does efficacy affect dosing?
Published	08/30/2023	How does potency affect dosing?
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Published	08/30/2023	Phase 1 reactions are carried out by {{c1::CYPs (cytochrome proteins)}}
Published	08/30/2023	Metabolic reaction turns active meds into {{c2::inactive metabolites}} for {{c1::excretion}}
Published	08/30/2023	Phase 1 reactions
Published	08/30/2023	Phase 2 reactions
Published	08/30/2023	Phase 1 and Phase II reactions modify metabolites to {{c2::inactivate and excrete}} them by increasing {{c1::polarity}} and {{c1::solubility.}}&n…
Published	08/30/2023	Oral prodrug
Published	08/30/2023	Absorption (definition)
Published	08/30/2023	Endocytosis
Published	08/30/2023	Most drugs are either {{c1::weak acids}} or {{c1::weak bases}}, and are {{c2::uncharged, lipid-soluble, and non-polar}}
Published	08/30/2023	Weakly acidic medication is best absorbed in {{c1::a low pH environment. }}
Published	08/30/2023	Weakly basic medication is best absorbed in {{c1::a high pH environment. }}
Published	08/30/2023	Drugs absorbed in the {{c3::small intestine}} are transported to the {{c2::liver}} via {{c1::the portal vein}}
Published	08/30/2023	Bioavailabiliy (formula, in terms of AUC)
Published	08/30/2023	Three main factors affecting the distribution of medication
Published	08/30/2023	Volume of Distribution (Vd) (definition)
Published	08/30/2023	A low Vd means {{c1::more of the drug}} remains in {{c2::the plasma}}
Published	08/30/2023	A high Vd means {{c1::more of the drug}} remains in {{c2:: extracellular fluid and interstitial spaces}}
Published	08/30/2023	Weak acidic medications are trapped in {{c1::alkaline (high pH)}} urine
Published	08/30/2023	Weak basic medications are trapped in {{c1::acidc (low pH)}} urine
Published	08/30/2023	Enterohepatic circulation (mechanism of elimination)
Published	08/30/2023	Two surfaces of the nephron tubule are the {{c1::apical}} and {{c1::basolateral}} surface.
Published	08/30/2023	The apical surface faces the {{c1::tubular lumen}}
Published	08/30/2023	The basolateral surface faces the {{c1:: peritubular capillaries}}
Published	08/30/2023	In the Proximal convoluted tubule, the concetration of drugs is {{c1::higher}} in the {{c2::peritublar capillaries}} than the {{c2::tubular lumen}}.&n…
Published	08/30/2023	In the DCT, the concetration of drugs is {{c1::higher}} in the {{c2::tubular lumen}} than the {{c2:: peritubular capillaries}}.
Published	08/30/2023	Clearance of a medication (definition)
Published	08/30/2023	First order-kinetics
Published	08/30/2023	Zero-order kinetics
Published	08/30/2023	Steady-state concentration, Css (formula)
Published	08/30/2023	Clearance (formula)
Published	08/30/2023	Loading dose beneficial for {{c1::life-threatening situations}} and {{c1::toxic meds }}
Published	08/30/2023	In the proximal convoluted tubule, the concetration of drugs is {{c1::higher}} in the {{c2::peritublar capillaries}} than the {{c2::tubular lumen}}.
Published	08/30/2023	In the proximal convoluted tubule, the concetration of drugs is {{c1::higher}} in the {{c2::peritublar capillaries}} than the {{c2::tubular lumen}}.&n…
Status	Last Update	Fields