Notes in Exam 1

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/09/2025	Metabolism, Responsives, movement, growth, differntiation And reproduction are {{c1::characteristics of living things}}
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::Water}} is the solvent in fluid compartments of the human body
Published	01/09/2025	Types of  ECF: Interstitial flud, Blood plasma, Lymp, Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial, aqueous and {{c1::humor vitrous humor}}
Published	01/09/2025	Types of  ECF: {{c1::Interstitial flud}}, Blood plasma, Lymp, Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial, aqueous
Published	01/09/2025	Regulation of homeostasis is controlled by two systems: — {{c1::Nervous system,}} by means of nerve impulses — {{c1::Endocrine system,}} by means of…
Published	01/09/2025	Homeostais is regulated by {{c1::Nervous}} and {{c1::endocrine system }}
Published	01/09/2025	Almost all feedback system are {{c1::negative }}
Published	01/09/2025	signs
Published	01/09/2025	symptoms
Published	01/09/2025	Antomical position: {{c1::erect, palms facing anterior, }}
Published	01/09/2025	otic {{c1::: ear }}
Published	01/09/2025	antebrachial: {{c1::forearm }}
Published	01/09/2025	carpal: {{c1::wrist}}
Published	01/09/2025	metacarpal: {{c1::hand/palm }}
Published	01/09/2025	crural: {{c1::leg}}
Published	01/09/2025	tarsal: {{c1::ankle }}
Published	01/09/2025	dorsum:{{c1::top of foot}}
Published	01/09/2025	ventral : {{c1::front}}dorsal: {{c1::back }}
Published	01/09/2025	Visceral Covering over an {{c1::organ}}{{c1::Parietal}} Covering against a cavity wall
Published	01/09/2025	sagittal: {{c1::right down the middle }}
Published	01/09/2025	dorsal cavity contains the {{c1::cranial cavity,}} & {{c1::vertebral canal }}
Published	01/09/2025	ventral cavity contains the {{c1::thoracic cavity}} &  {{c1::abdominopelvic cavity }}
Published	01/09/2025	Abdominopelvic cavity Extends from the {{c1::diaphragm to the groin}}
Published	01/09/2025	The superior portion of the ascending colon is in the {{c1::right upper quadrant}}.
Published	01/09/2025	sural: {{c1::calf }}
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::carbohydrates}} needs to be brokendown into  monosaccharides
Published	01/09/2025	Olecranal: {{c1::cubitial}} of {{c1::back}} of elbow
Published	01/09/2025	coccygeal: {{c1::tailbone }}
Published	01/09/2025	sacral: {{c1::between hips}}
Published	01/09/2025	coxal: {{c1::hip}}
Published	01/09/2025	pollex: {{c1::thumb}}
Published	01/09/2025	digital/ phalangeal: {{c1::toes/finger }}
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::ipsilateral}} is same side of the body, contralateral is {{c2::opposite side of the body}}
Published	01/09/2025	visceral: covering an {{c1::organ}}, parietal : covering a {{c2::cavity wall}}
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4606:top=.8679:width=.2288:height=.081:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3185:top=.1726:width=.1105:height=.1958…
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.141:top=.097:width=.1893:height=.0895:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4704:top=.903:width=.217:height=.0836:oi…
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3895:top=.8605:width=.3274:height=.1235:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.072:top=.1634:width=.2525:height=.0797…
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5099:top=.209:width=.3156:height=.1199:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5039:top=.3703:width=.4517:height=.0937…
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0799:top=.0115:width=.3609:height=.0545:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1963:top=.3107:width=.3846:height=.070…
Published	01/09/2025	thoracic cavity is divided into {{c1::lateral plural cavities}} and the {{c2::mediastinum }}
Published	01/09/2025	abdominopelivic cavity is two cavities which extend from the {{c1::diaphragm}} to the{{c1:: groin}}
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::mucous membrane}} lines a body cavity and opens to the exterior
Published	01/09/2025	{{c2::serous membrane}} lines body cavity and  has two parts : the {{c1::visceral layer}} and the parietal layer
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0227:top=.1104:width=.1953:height=.2675:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6953:top=.5988:width=.213:height=.1977…
Published	01/09/2025	retroperitoneal organs are {{c1::kidneys}}, {{c2::adrenal glands,}} {{c3::pancreas}}, duodenum of SI, and ascending {{c4::and descending colon of larg…
Published	01/09/2025	RUQ contains the {{c1::right lobe of the liver}}, {{c1::gallbladder,}} {{c1::duodenum}}
Published	01/09/2025	LUQ containss most of the {{c1::stomach,}} the {{c1::body and tail of the}} pancreas,  and {{c1::spleen }}
Published	01/09/2025	the {{c1::jejunum}} and {{c1::ileum}} of the small intestine is in all four quadrants
Published	01/09/2025	the inferior portion of the ascending colon is in the {{c1::RLQ}}
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::Kindeys}} are in both upper quadrants
Published	01/09/2025	ion channels allows {{c1::only ions }}
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0357:top=.7382:width=.1941:height=.1408:oi=1}}
Published	01/09/2025	All eukaryotic cells are composed of three main parts: {{c1::plasma membrane}}, {{c2::cytoplasm,}} and {{c3::nucleus.}}
Published	01/09/2025	The plasma membrane forms the cell’s {{c1::outer boundary}} and separates the internal environment from the {{c2::outside environment.}}
Published	01/09/2025	plasma membrane  is a {{c1::selectively}} permeable barrier and plays a role in cellular {{c2::communication.}}
Published	01/09/2025	The cytoplasm contains all the cellular contents between the {{c1::plasma membrane}} and the nucleus. It consists of {{c2::cytosol}} (fluid …
Published	01/09/2025	The nucleus contains DNA in molecules called {{c1::chromosomes.}}
Published	01/09/2025	The plasma membrane is described as a {{c1::phospholipid bilayer}} with associated integral and {{c2::peripheral proteins}}.
Published	01/09/2025	The Fluid Mosaic Model describes the {{c2::plasma membrane}} as a sea of {{c1::phospholipids}} with protein "icebergs" floating in it. The l…
Published	01/09/2025	Phospholipids form a {{c1::lipid bilayer}}, and cholesterol and {{c2::glycolipids}} also contribute to the membrane structure.
Published	01/09/2025	Integral Protein {{c1::extend}} or go completely through the bilayer
Published	01/09/2025	Peripheral proteins attach to the {{c1::inner or outer surface}}, they can also be part of integral protein
Published	01/09/2025	Glycoproteins are membrane proteins with a {{c1::carbohydrate group}} attached. Glycolipids are membrane lipids with a {{c1::carbohydrate group a…
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6025:top=.0135:width=.123:height=.0374:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1705:top=.0954:width=.198:height=.0277:…
Published	01/09/2025	the lipid bilayer consists of {{c1::phospholipids}}, {{c2::cholesterol}}, and {{c3::glycolipids}}.
Published	01/09/2025	The {{c1::phosphate}}-containing head of a phospholipid is {{c2::polar}} (hydrophilic), while the fatty acid tails are {{c3::nonpolar}}…
Published	01/09/2025	Cholesterol mediates {{c1::membrane fluidity}} and forms hydrogen bonds with the {{c2::heads of phospholipids}}.
Published	01/09/2025	Membrane proteins are classified as either {{c1::integral proteins}} or {{c1::peripheral proteins}}.
Published	01/09/2025	Membrane proteins are classified as either {{c1::integral proteins}} or {{c1::peripheral proteins}}. They form ion channel and transporter and most ar…
Published	01/09/2025	Peripheral proteins attach to the {{c1::inner or outer surface}} of the membrane  or phospholipd head or to {{c2::integral protein }}
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0683:top=.2562:width=.1869:height=.0583:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4128:top=.904:width=.1911:height=.0472…
Published	01/09/2025	Integral proteins can function as {{c1::ion channels}}, {{c2::transporters}}, receptors, enzymes, or cell-identity markers.
Published	01/09/2025	Ion channel : allows specific {{c1::ions}} to move thrrough
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::Carrier( integral)}} carries specific substance across the membrane by {{c2::changing shape}}
Published	01/09/2025	Receptors : recognize {{c1::specific ligand}} and alter cell function
Published	01/09/2025	The glycocalyx is the {{c1::sugary coating}} surrounding the membrane, made up of the carbohydrate portions of {{c2::glycolipids}} and glycoprote…
Published	01/09/2025	The glycocalyx functions in {{c1::cell protection}}, {{c3::cell adhesion}}, and {{c2::cell recognition}}.
Published	01/09/2025	Substances that are {{c1::nonpolar}} and {{c2::lipid-soluble}} (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, fats) move into and out of the cell by {{…
Published	01/09/2025	most {{c1::water}} soluable particle are not able to diffuse through the lipid bilayer
Published	01/09/2025	Living cells have a concentration gradient , molecules will passively diffuse if they are l{{c1::ipid soluble}}, small enough to pass through the memb…
Published	01/09/2025	Living cells produce gradients where {{c1::oxygen molecules}} and sodium ions are more concentrated in the {{c2::extracellular}} fluid, whil…
Published	01/09/2025	The inner surface of the plasma membrane is typically {{c1::negatively charged}}, while the outer surface is usually {{c2::positively charged.}}
Published	01/09/2025	Passive processes include {{c1::diffusion}}, osmosis, and {{c1::facilitated diffusion}}. Active processes include {{c2::active transport}} and bu…
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::Osmosis}} is the diffusion of water through a {{c2::semipermeable}} membrane, moving from an area of higher water concentration to lower water c…
Published	01/09/2025	Osmosis requires a {{c1::concentration gradient}}, a {{c2::semipermeable membrane}}, and  one osmotically active {{c3::solute }}
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0055:top=.7821:width=.0968:height=.0349:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2267:top=.7662:width=.0655:height=.018…
Published	01/09/2025	Isotonic solutions have {{c1::equal}} concentrations of osmotically active solutes. {{c2::Hypotonic solutions}} cause water to move into the cell…
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0352:top=.6432:width=.1102:height=.043:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0586:top=.7417:width=.2268:height=.0361…
Published	01/09/2025	molecules that are too {{c1::polar}} to pass through cell membrane will bind to a protein {{c1::carrier}} on one side of the membrane and is releared …
Published	01/09/2025	Active transport requires {{c1::energy t}}o move substances against their c{{c2::oncentration gradient.}}
Published	01/09/2025	The sodium-potassium pump maintains a concentration gradient of {{c1::high K}}+ and {{c2::low}} Na+ inside the cell. The ions goes against thier …
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3664:top=.0594:width=.508:height=.1188:oi=1}}
Published	01/09/2025	Secondary active trasnport: {{c1::indirectly}} using the energy from active transport
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::Antiporter carry}} two substance accrosds the membrane in opposite direction {{c1::Symporter}} carry two substance across the membrane in t…
Published	01/09/2025	Vesicular transport includes e{{c1::ndocytosis}}, {{c2::exocytosis}}, and {{c3::transcytosis}}
Published	01/09/2025	Phagocytosis is a form of {{c1::endocytosis}} where the cell engulfs large solid particles like bacteria or worn-out cells.
Published	01/09/2025	{{c1::Pinocytosis,}} or "cell drinking," involves the plasma membrane taking in {{c2::extracellular fluid.}}
Published	01/09/2025	transcytosis is a combination of {{c1::endo and exocytosis }}
Published	01/09/2025	receptor mediated endocytosis : highly selective type of endocytosis, the cell take up {{c1::specific ligand}} and particle is internalize by {{c1::en…
Published	01/09/2025	Bulk phase endocytosis is {{c1::pinocytosis}}: the plasma takes a sip of {{c2::extracellular fluid }}
Published	01/09/2025	Exocytosis is essentially endocytosis in reverse. During exocytosis, an {{c1::intracellular vesicle}} fuses with the {{c1::plasma membrane.}} The…
Published	01/09/2025	{{c2::Transcytosis}} uses vesicles to move substances into, across, and out of a cell. Vesicles undergo {{c1::endocytosis}} on one side of the ce…
Published	01/11/2025	Cytosol : {{c1::intracellular}} fluid
Published	01/11/2025	cytoskelton: gives the cell its {{c1::structure }}
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4252:top=.2011:width=.1882:height=.0167:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4442:top=.4197:width=.1597:height=.091…
Published	01/11/2025	Nucleus: largest {{c1::organelle}} in the cell
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::Ribosomes}}:  site of protein synthesis
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::Endoplasmic reticulum}}: netwoek of membranes running throughout the cell
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::golgi complex:}} packing and export site in the cell
Published	01/11/2025	Mitochondria: have their own {{c1::DNA}}, have {{c2::enzymes}} for cellular respiration, {{c3::ATP}} is produce here
Published	01/11/2025	tranport vesicles arrives from {{c1::RER}} fuse with cis face of golgi
Published	01/11/2025	Lysosomes: contains powerful {{c1::digestive}} enzymes, carry out {{c2::autophagy}} autolysis and endocytosis
Published	01/11/2025	Proteasomes plays a role in {{c1::destroying}} damaged proteins
Published	01/11/2025	centrosomes site where {{c1::micrtubles}} are organized
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::cilia}} are short hair like projection from the surface of  the cell
Published	01/11/2025	Flagella : longer than cilia and {{c1::mov}}es the cell
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::Inclusion}}: non living components within the cell
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::autosome}} : ordinary chromosme - does not determine sex
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::sex chromosome}}: associated with sex, contains X and Y chromosome
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::Chromosome}}: singel double standed DNA molecule, it carries gentic information
Published	01/11/2025	{{c2::chromatid}}: two molecules of double stranded DNA joined by {{c1::centromere }}
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5111:top=.6716:width=.1792:height=.0375:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.719:top=.8465:width=.2389:height=.0208…
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::Homologous chromsomes}}: are chromosomes of the same kind, they have the same {{c2::linear}} sequence, pairs during meiosis
Published	01/11/2025	{{c1::Telomore}} :DNA sequences at the {{c2::tips}} of chromosomes that protects the tip of  chromosomes from sticking together and {{c3::erosion…
Published	01/11/2025	gametic number : the {{c1::amount of chromosomes}} in in gametes
Published	01/11/2025	somatic number is the amount of chormosomes in an {{c1::ordinary cell}}
Published	01/11/2025	protein {{c1::transcription}} is the copying of specific DNA
Published	01/11/2025	Protein {{c1::translation}} is the assembly of new proten with direction from the mRNA
Published	01/14/2025	groups of cells with commin {{c1::embryonic origin}} have common function
Published	01/14/2025	Epithelial tissues are {{c1::coverings, lining and glands}}
Published	01/14/2025	intercellular junction connects {{c1::adjacent cells }}
Published	01/14/2025	{{c1::tight junctions}} are found where a leakproof seal is needed between cells
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6649:top=.6728:width=.2766:height=.1044:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6537:top=.5439:width=.2738:height=.068…
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2287:top=.895:width=.137:height=.0267:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5671:top=.8972:width=.0959:height=.0356:…
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6714:top=.5684:width=.1981:height=.1279:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.67:top=.7628:width=.1794:height=.11:oi…
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3019:top=.4304:width=.0643:height=.0307:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4839:top=.4202:width=.1526:height=.048…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2997:top=.3081:width=.1977:height=.1699:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4832:top=.136:width=.2171:height=.0624…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.8878:top=.2036:width=.0511:height=.312:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1163:top=.0051:width=.1169:height=.1759…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3631:top=.2758:width=.1432:height=.0194:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1891:top=.3941:width=.1577:height=.036…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5053:top=.1769:width=.3127:height=.0774:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4264:top=.4414:width=.2216:height=.058…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.29:top=.3382:width=.3877:height=.0903:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5233:top=.4737:width=.2397:height=.0688:…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1028:top=.5592:width=.1465:height=.1128:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3165:top=.5667:width=.1237:height=.154…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3475:top=.7726:width=.2535:height=.0688:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6708:top=.7618:width=.1442:height=.073…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3805:top=.7747:width=.1691:height=.0387:oi=1}}
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.088:top=.1339:width=.4262:height=.0968:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.341:top=.8737:width=.1827:height=.0495:…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7787:top=.364:width=.2287:height=.0645:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1391:top=.2672:width=.2855:height=.0839…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1297:top=.481:width=.4328:height=.1284:oi=1}}
Published	01/19/2025	homologues contains genes that control the {{c1::same traits }}
Published	01/19/2025	alternative form of a gene that code for the same trait is called an {{c1::alles}}
Published	01/19/2025	genotype
Published	01/19/2025	phenotype
Published	01/19/2025	dominant alle
Published	01/19/2025	a person can have differnt {{c1::genotype}} PP vs Pp but have the same {{c2::phenotype }}
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2722:top=.8061:width=.0887:height=.1022:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4281:top=.3291:width=.078:height=.1067…
Published	01/19/2025	most common cause of dwarfism
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4764:top=.3915:width=.3593:height=.1058:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1902:top=.6031:width=.2193:height=.069…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1967:top=.7478:width=.2632:height=.0691:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.6943:top=.4779:width=.0843:height=.069…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0665:top=.5403:width=.3091:height=.2393:oi=1}}
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4133:top=.1393:width=.3804:height=.1955:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7278:top=.5092:width=.1626:height=.206…
Published	01/19/2025	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5655:top=.0826:width=.1418:height=.041:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2586:top=.4973:width=.6247:height=.1102…
Status	Last Update	Fields