Notes in 08 Generalities of Growth and Development

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Published	07/30/2024	In the first 2 months after birth, {{c1::30}} g/day of weight is gained
Published	07/30/2024	If you see ↑ U:L ratio as a child grows, think of {{c1::short-limb dwarfism (Turner syndrome or bone disorders such as rickets)}}If you see ↓ U:L…
Published	07/30/2024	What is considered the "lower body segment" is the floor until the {{c1::symphysis pubis}} FOR NON-INFANTS. Until the {{c1::umbilicus}} for infants
Published	07/30/2024	At birth, the head is 1/{{c1::4}} the length of the body
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Upper Body : Lower Body RatioBirth: 1.{{c1::7}}{{c2::3}} y/o: {{c1::1.3}}{{c2::>7}} y/o: {{c1::1}}
Published	07/30/2024	These 3 anthropometrics are routinely measured until the age of 3.{{c1::Weight, Height/Length, Head Circumference}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chest Circumference is done at {{c1::mid-inspiration::phase of repsiratory cycle}}, with {{c1::xiphoid notch::anatomical landmark}} as the r…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Head Circumference and Chest Circumference RelationshipAt birth, HC > CC by {{c1::1-2}} cm
Published	07/30/2024	Brain growth is fastest in the first {{c1::3}} years
Published	07/30/2024	Give the order in which the different organ systems reach adult dimensionsa. Lymphoidb. Brainc. Reproductived. General Body{{c1::Lymphoid, Brain, Gene…
Published	07/30/2024	Is growth considered a vital sign? (T/F){{c1::True, but only in children}}
Published	07/30/2024	Progression of Development (Direction){{c1::Cephalo → caudad}} - Reason why children can hold their head{{c2::Proximo → distal}} - Gross motor in…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Brain Development2. Primitive Reflexes{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Receptive language development always {{c1::precedes::precedes/succeeds}} expressive language development.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Language development::Developmental Domain}} is the best predictor of cognitive development.
Published	07/30/2024	In the 3rd month after birth, {{c1::20}} g/day of weight is gained
Published	07/30/2024	When should you expect the infant's birth weight to be doubled?{{c1::4th month}}
Published	07/30/2024	When should you expect the infant's birth weight to be tripled?{{c1::1 year}}
Published	07/30/2024	When measuring the height of children >2 y/o, make sure that the {{c1::back of the headshouldersbuttocksankles::4}}are touching the measuring …
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Average Length of a Newborn{{c1::50}} cm
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Infant Length Growth at 1 year{{c1::50}}%
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Infant Length GrowthBirth – 12 months: 24 cm/year12-24 months: {{c1::10}} cm/year24-36 months: {{c1::8}} cm/year
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Child (>3 y/o) Length Growth{{c1::6}} cm/year
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Adolescent Length GrowthGirls: {{c1::8}} cm/yearBoys: {{c1::10}} cm/year
Published	07/30/2024	Adolescent growth spurt accounts for about {{c1::15}}% of adult height
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Head Circumference and Chest Circumference RelationshipAt {{c1::6-12}} months, HC {{c2::=::</=/>}} CC
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Head Circumference and Chest Circumference RelationshipAt {{c1::>1}} y/o, HC > CC
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Relationship w/ Sexual Maturation (Bone Age)1. Chronological Age2. Sexual Maturity{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dental Mineralization starts as early as {{c1::2nd}} trimesterEnds at {{c2::3}} y/o for primary teethEnds at 2{{c2::5}} y/o for permanent teeth
Published	07/30/2024	Dental eruption starts at {{c1::7}} months with the {{c1::lower central incisors}}
Published	07/30/2024	If dental eruption starts after {{c1::13}} months, think of hypothyroidism or endocrinologic disorders
Published	07/30/2024	Dental Exfoliation starts as early as {{c1::6}} y/o and all teeth should be replaced w/ permanent teeth by {{c1::25}} y/o
Published	07/30/2024	If dental exfoliation happens early, think of {{c1::histiocytosis, cyclic neutropenia, leukemia::3 disorders}}, and trauma
Published	07/30/2024	How to you label or interpret the z-score charts?If above: {{c1::above 1, above 2, etc.}}If below: {{c1::below -1, below -2, etc.}}
Published	07/30/2024	Length/Height for Age Z-Score Chart Red Flags Threshold:Tall for age: Above {{c1::3}}Stunted: Below {{c1::-2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Weight for Age Z-Score Chart Red Flags Threshold:Overweight: Above {{c1::SIKE, A Z-score above 1 does not classify them as obese/overweight if you are…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Weight for Age Z-Score Chart:{{c1::1 to -2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Weight for Length/Height Z-Score Chart Red Flags Threshold:Overweight: Above {{c1::1}}Wasted: Below {{c1::-2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Weight for Length/Height Z-Score Chart is useful for infants above {{c1::2}} y/o or when the age of the child is unknown
Published	07/30/2024	When talking about weight for length/height, infants on either end can either be {{c1::wasted and severely wasted::description}} or {{c1::overweight a…
Published	07/30/2024	We see a child's height growth curve shift either up or down due to genetic potential between {{c1::6-18}} months
Published	08/14/2024	Mid-Parental Height (MPH) for Boys = {{c1::\(\frac{(maternal\ height + 13)+paternal\ height}{2}\)}}
Published	08/14/2024	Mid-Parental Height (MPH) for Girls = {{c1::\(\frac{maternal\ height+(paternal\ height-13)}{2}\)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Predicted Adult Height (PAH) = {{c1::+/- 10 cm MPH}}
Published	07/30/2024	4 Important Developmental Domains to Monitor in a Child:{{c1::Gross MotorFine MotorPersonal-SocialLanguage}}
Published	07/30/2024	Child Development is dependent on the {{c1::maturation and myelination of the nervous system::biological developmental process}}
Published	07/30/2024	Disappearance of {{c1::grasp}} reflex allows for voluntary reaching and releasing of objects
Published	07/30/2024	Disappearance of {{c1::plantar}} reflex allows for voluntary taking the first steps
Published	07/30/2024	Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development{{c1::Oral (Infant)Anal (Toddler)Phallic/Oepidal (Pre-school)Latency (School)Genital (Adolescence)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development{{c1::Trust vs Mistrust (Infant)Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt (Toddler)Initiative vs Guilt (Pre-school)Ind…
Published	07/30/2024	Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development{{c1::Preconventional: Rewards & Punishments (Toddler)Conventional Stage 3: Conformity (Pre-school)Conventio…
Published	07/30/2024	Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development{{c1::Sensorimotor (Toddler 0-2)Pre-operational (Pre-school 2-7)Concrete Operations (School age 7-11)Formal Op…
Published	07/30/2024	In Piaget's cognitive theory of development, Children actively construct knowledge based on {{c1::assimilation (experiences)}} and {{c1::accommod…
Published	07/30/2024	In Piaget's sensorimotor stage, the key milestone is the development of {{c1::working memory}} and this manifests as understanding {{c1::object perman…
Published	07/30/2024	In Piaget's pre-operational stage, the hallmark is {{c1::magical thinking, animism, symbolic and intuitive thoughts}}
Published	07/30/2024	In Piaget's pre-operational stage, the key milestone is the development of {{c1::primitive reasoning}} at age {{c1::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, ego-centrism is prevalent at the {{c1::sensorimotor and pre-operational}} stage/s
Published	07/30/2024	In Piaget's concrete operational stage, the key milestone is the development of {{c1::inductive reasoning}}
Published	07/30/2024	In Piaget's formal operational stage, the key milestone is the development of {{c1::deductive reasoning}} this manifests in the understanding of {{c1:…
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