Notes in 07. Pulm Infx disorders -- influenza, pneumonia, TB

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Published	06/26/2023	Basic Science to Assess Influenza incubation period → {{c1::1-4 days}} → avg {{c1::2 days}}viral shedding correlates w/ {{c1::feve…
Published	06/26/2023	clinical manifestations of influenza following incubation of 1-4 days abrupt onset of {{c1::fever}} headache {{c1::myalgia}}c…
Published	06/26/2023	lab diagnosis of influenza mainstay is the diagnosis of influenza vaccine nasopharyngeal speicimens → high yield on day {{c1::2-3}}MC m…
Published	06/26/2023	treatment of influenza treating symptoms self limited dz in most children and adults regardless of whether treatment is provided tx sho…
Published	06/26/2023	indications for tx of influenza → know this slide Iniate tx w/ confirmed or suspected influenza {{c1::regardless of duration of illness}}pts…
Published	06/26/2023	canidates for antiviral tx
Published	06/26/2023	treatment options for influenza the neuraminidase inhibitors that have activity against both A and B two options Oseltamivir (tamiflu) …
Published	06/26/2023	complications of influenza MC complication → {{c1::pneumonia}}Primary viral pneumonia Secondary bacterial pneumonia combo of both&…
Published	06/26/2023	prevention of influenza yearly vacx is main strategy to prevent all persons {{c1::>6 months}}greatest morbidity → young infants, &lt…
Published	06/26/2023	basic sciences to assess pneumonia infx of pulmonary parenchyma causes an inflammatory response of the bronchioles and alveolar spaces two t…
Published	06/26/2023	basic sciences to assess CAP most deadly infectious dz in US bacterial etiology → {{c1::S. Pneumonia}} is MC viral → influenza, RS…
Published	06/26/2023	clinical manifestations of CAP symptoms acute or subacute onset of → {{c1::fever}} + cough {{c1::w/ or w/o sputum}} and {{c1:…
Published	06/26/2023	clinical manifestations of CAP (pt 2) signs fever appear acutely ill tachypnea tachycardia PaO2 degrease chest exam…
Published	06/26/2023	diagnosis of CAP imaging CXR → {{c1::lobar consolidation}}, infiltrates, cavitation sputum culture if hospitalized → prior to anti…
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Published	06/26/2023	treatment of CAP treat typical pathogens → {{c1::S. pneumoniae}}, H. influenzae and M. Catarrhalis prompt antimicrobial therapy be…
Published	06/26/2023	clinical manifestations of atypical pathogens mycoplasma pneumonia{{c1::walking pneumonia}}young adults, kind of sick but not pneumonia sick…
Published	06/26/2023	fungal pneumonias immunocompromised host aspergillus found in {{c1::soil, water, air}}tx → {{c1::amphotericin B}}Coccidioidom…
Published	06/26/2023	Basic sciences of HIV related Pneumonia CD4 cell count {{c1::<200}}normal CD4 is 400-1200immunocompromised state chronic {{c1::corti…
Published	06/26/2023	clinical manifestations of HIV related pneumonia HIV positive (CD4<200) duration of symptoms is typically longer for HIV-positive pts&nbs…
Published	06/26/2023	diagnosis of HIV related pneumonia approach → need to identify organism w/ {{c1::microscopy}} to establish a definitive diagnosis induced sp…
Published	06/26/2023	treatment of HIV related pneumonia treatment of choice → {{c1::trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole}} which is also used as prophylaxis altern…
Published	06/26/2023	health maintenance of HIV related pneumonia primary prophylaxis {{c1::Antiretroviral}} therapy to improve immunity antimicrobial therap…
Published	06/26/2023	Basic sciences of Pulmonary TB one of the world's most widespread deadly illness Pulmonary TB is a {{c1::notifiable}} infectious diseas…
Published	06/26/2023	basic sciences of pulmonary TB pathophysiology infection results from inhalation of aerosolized droplets containing the bacterium in ma…
Published	06/26/2023	clinical manifestations of pulmonary TB physical exam abnormal chest auscultation chest exam may be normal in mild dz {{c1::Crackl…
Published	06/26/2023	suspection → diagnosis of Pulm TB should be suspected in pts w/ relevant clinical manifestationscough for {{c1::2-3 weeks}}lymphadenopathy&n…
Published	06/26/2023	diagnosis of pulmonary TB three specimens, obtained via cough or induction at least {{c1::8 hours apart}} w/ at least one being an {{c1…
Published	06/26/2023	diagnosis of Pulmonary TB additional testsCXR Bilateral or unilateral focal infiltrates Hilar lymphadenopathy +/- pleural effusion…
Published	06/26/2023	diagnosis of Pulm TB TB skin test Mantoux test PPD injected transdermally and inspected at {{c1::48-72 hours}}takes 2-10 weeks after in…
Published	06/26/2023	interpretation of Positive TB skin test → emphasized this slide Positive Tuberculin Skin Test >5 mm induration {{c1::HIV positive}}&…
Published	06/26/2023	treatment of Pulmonary TB main goals cure the pt prevent further transmission of TB to others adminstering treatmentdecrease treat…
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Published	06/26/2023	Health maintenance of Pulmonaruy TB monitoring Isoniazide, Rifampine and Pyranzide can cause {{c1::hepatotoxicity}} → monitor {{c1…
Published	06/26/2023	30 year old woman presents in the winter months w/ 2 day hx of fever, cough, HA, and generalized weakness. she was in her usual state of health before…
Published	06/26/2023	a 34 year old man w/ a history of sex w/ men presents w/ 3 weeks of worsening dyspnea associated w/ fevers and a nonproductive cough. He is tachycardi…
Published	06/26/2023	treatment of HIV related pneumonia treatment of choice → {{c1::Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole}}
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