Notes in ZSO 11+12: Water- en natriumbalans

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	12/20/2024	Door welke cellen wordt renine gemaakt
Published	12/20/2024	Welke stimuli zetten aan tot renine productie
Published	12/20/2024	Wat stimuleert dorst
Published	12/20/2024	Beschrijf de actoren van het RAAS systeem
Published	12/20/2024	Waardoor wordt de loslating van ADH gestimuleerd
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is het effect van ADH op de nier
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de watersamenstelling van een volwassene
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de verdeling van het extracellulair volume
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe wordt de waterinhoud (en verdeling) in een lichaam gemeten
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe wordt de osmolariteit van het plasma berekend
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is het verschil tussen osmolariteit en osmolaliteit
Published	12/20/2024	Noem enkele verschillen in de samenstelling van ECF en ICF
Published	12/20/2024	Waarom is de normale natriumconcentratie in plasma +- 145 mmol/L en spreekt men van isotone NaCl oplossing aan 154 mmol/L
Published	12/20/2024	Geef een overzicht van de externe waterbalans
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de urinaire osmolariteit bij maximale dilutie en bij maximale concentratie
Published	12/20/2024	Overloop het feedback systeem van de waterhuishouding
Published	12/20/2024	Overloop het feedback systeem van de volumehuishouding
Published	12/20/2024	Noem de drie pijlers van de renale concentratie capaciteit
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de steekkaart van ADH
Published	12/20/2024	Noem enkele effectieve en niet-effectieve osmoles
Published	12/20/2024	‘Volume overrides Tonicity’, leg uit
Published	12/20/2024	Wat zijn verschillen en gelijkenissen tussen water- en volume huishouding
Published	12/20/2024	Waarom veroorzaakt alcohol nadorst
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe verklaar je een toename van de diurese bij ‘passive leg raising’
Published	12/20/2024	Som de serum en urinaire wijzigingen op waardoor je een daling van het effectief circulerend volume kan opsporen
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de druksensoren in het lichaam
Published	12/20/2024	Wat betekent translokatie hyponatriëmie
Published	12/20/2024	Overloop mogelijke oorzaken van hyponatriëmie
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is de klinische weerslag van hyponatriëmie
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is het gevaar van snelle correctie van chronische hyponatriëmie
Published	12/20/2024	Overloop mogelijke oorzaken van hypernatriëmie
Published	12/20/2024	Geef een overzicht van de externe natriumbalans
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de steekkaart van renine
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de belangrijkste natrium transporter in elk van de vier tubulaire segmenten die instaat voor de natrium reabsorptie
Published	12/20/2024	Wat bedoelt men met ‘pressure natriuresis’
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is het ‘aldosterone escape phenomenon’ of mineralocorticoïde ontsnapping
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is het effect van het sympaticus zenuwstelsel op de nierfunctie
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de steekkaart van aldosterone
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de steekkaart van angiotensine II
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de steekkaart van Atriaal Natriuretisch Peptide
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de effecten van angiotensine II (algemeen)
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de effecten van angiotensine II op de nier
Published	12/20/2024	Geef de klinische syndromen met gedaald effectief circulerend volume en toch perifere oedemen
Published	12/20/2024	Welke natriuretische hormonen of factoren ken je
Published	12/20/2024	Wat zijn de effecten van een Niet Steroïdaal Anti-Inflammatoir middel  (NSAID) op de nier
Published	12/20/2024	Welke natrium retinerende hormonen of factoren ken je
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe sterk moet het ECF toenemen alvorens oedemen optreden
Published	12/20/2024	A soldier is shot in the abdomen at close range. He loses a great deal of blood, his blood pressure is low, and he has a rapid heart rate. Which of…
Published	12/20/2024	A homeless man was found comatose, lying in the doorway of a downtown department store at night. He was taken to the ER, and upon examination, his …
Published	12/20/2024	A 17-year-old male has been diagnosed with a genetic defect that results in overactivity of sodium channels in his collecting duct principal cells …
Published	12/20/2024	An arterial blood sample was taken from a patient, and the plasma [K+] was 5.5 mEq/L. Which of the following might explain the hyperkalemia?
Published	12/20/2024	A pregnant woman, in her third trimester, is hospitalized. Her plasma magnesium levels were raised by intravenous infusion, in order to suppress pr…
Published	12/20/2024	A person consumes a high-K+ diet, which temporarily elevates their serum potassium level. What is the primary mechanism by which the kidney will re…
Published	12/20/2024	According to the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, an increase in NaCl delivery to the macula densa will result in:
Published	12/20/2024	A 60-year-old woman has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. She has an elevated plasma PTH level and bone disease. Which of the following i…
Published	12/20/2024	A hypertensive patient is given an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which of the following changes would be expected?
Published	12/20/2024	A 50-year-old man was diagnosed with congestive heart failure and fails to comply with his low-salt diet. Upon his annual physical, he has gained s…
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is de maximale concentratie van urine die de nieren kunnen bereiken?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat regelt de volumehuishouding in het lichaam?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat gebeurt er als je 2 liter isotoon NaCl drinkt?
Published	12/20/2024	Bij welke natriumwaarde spreken we van hyponatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is géén oorzaak van hyponatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is een veelvoorkomend symptoom van hyponatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is een oorzaak van hypernatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Bij welke natriumwaarde spreken we van hypernatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is een kenmerkend symptoom van hypernatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat meet je tijdens een dorstproef?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is het eerste onderzoek bij osmotische stoornissen?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat gebeurt er bij lage bloeddruk?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat gebeurt er op cellulair niveau bij hyponatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat veroorzaakt valse hyponatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe leidt SIADH tot hyponatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Bij acute hyponatriëmie kan hersenoedeem ontstaan. Wat is de oorzaak hiervan?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is de meest voorkomende oorzaak van euvolemische hyponatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat gebeurt er als hyponatriëmie te snel gecorrigeerd wordt?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe ontstaat hypernatriëmie bij diabetes insipidus?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is een belangrijk pathofysiologisch kenmerk van hypernatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Bij welke aandoening komt hypernatriëmie vaak voor?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe kan hypovolemische hypernatriëmie ontstaan?
Published	12/20/2024	Waarom is de correctie van hypernatriëmie gevaarlijk als het te snel gebeurt?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat gebeurt er bij een hyperosmolair extracellulair milieu?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat veroorzaakt een hypotone dehydratie?
Published	12/20/2024	Welke aandoening kan leiden tot een verhoogde plasmaosmolariteit?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe leidt osmotische diurese tot uitdroging?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is een pathofysiologisch gevolg van langdurige hypernatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe reageren hersencellen op langdurige hyponatriëmie?
Published	12/20/2024	Waarom is het corrigeren van langdurige hyponatriëmie een geleidelijk proces?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the primary determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality?
Published	12/20/2024	How do the kidneys regulate sodium balance and, by extension, ECF water content?
Published	12/20/2024	How much of the filtered sodium load is typically reabsorbed by the kidneys?
Published	12/20/2024	How is the sodium-filtered load calculated?
Published	12/20/2024	Where does the majority of sodium reabsorption occur in the nephron, and how much is reabsorbed there?
Published	12/20/2024	Why does water follow sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Published	12/20/2024	What happens to sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle?
Published	12/20/2024	What percentage of filtered sodium and water is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts?
Published	12/20/2024	Why is the distal nephron critical for sodium balance?
Published	12/20/2024	What is glomerulotubular balance, and why is it important?
Published	12/20/2024	How does glomerulotubular balance reduce the impact of changes in GFR on sodium excretion?
Published	12/20/2024	What happens if sodium reabsorption remained constant and GFR increased?
Published	12/20/2024	What is pressure natriuresis and pressure diuresis?
Published	12/20/2024	What causes reduced sodium reabsorption during pressure natriuresis?
Published	12/20/2024	How does blood pressure affect sodium transporters during pressure natriuresis?
Published	12/20/2024	Why does the back-leak of sodium and water increase during pressure natriuresis?
Published	12/20/2024	Why is the regulation of sodium balance by the kidneys so critical?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the most abundant cation in plasma?
Published	12/20/2024	How is extracellular fluid osmolality primarily determined?
Published	12/20/2024	What percentage of filtered Na+ is reabsorbed under normal conditions?
Published	12/20/2024	Where in the nephron is the majority of Na+ reabsorbed, and what percentage?
Published	12/20/2024	How much Na+ is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle?
Published	12/20/2024	What happens to water reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the critical role of the distal nephron in sodium regulation?
Published	12/20/2024	What is glomerulotubular balance?
Published	12/20/2024	What is pressure natriuresis?
Published	12/20/2024	What happens to Na+ reabsorption during pressure natriuresis?
Published	12/20/2024	Which enzyme is removed from the proximal tubule membrane during pressure natriuresis?
Published	12/20/2024	What system primarily regulates extracellular Na+?
Published	12/20/2024	What are the three main stimuli for renin release?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the role of renin in RAAS?
Published	12/20/2024	What does angiotensin II stimulate in relation to Na+ and water balance?
Published	12/21/2024	What is the action of aldosterone on the kidneys?
Published	12/20/2024	What happens in aldosterone deficiency (e.g., adrenal insufficiency)?
Published	12/21/2024	What is “mineralocorticoid escape”?
Published	12/20/2024	What hormone is released by cardiac atria during volume expansion?
Published	12/20/2024	What are the actions of ANP?
Published	12/20/2024	What is brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and where is it produced?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the role of urodilatin?
Published	12/20/2024	What intestinal peptides promote natriuresis?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the role of prostaglandins E2 and I2 in Na+ balance?
Published	12/20/2024	How does sympathetic nerve stimulation affect renal Na+ excretion?
Published	12/20/2024	What hormone decreases Na+ excretion during pregnancy?
Published	12/20/2024	How do glucocorticoids affect sodium balance?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the significance of the renal sympathetic nerves in stressful situations?
Published	12/20/2024	How do NSAIDs affect kidney function in chronic heart failure?
Published	12/20/2024	What role does bradykinin play in sodium balance?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the role of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) in sodium and water regulation?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
Published	12/20/2024	What are the three main triggers for renin release?
Published	12/20/2024	What happens when the effective arterial blood volume (EABV) decreases?
Published	12/20/2024	What hormone stimulates the production of aldosterone?
Published	12/20/2024	What are the three major effects of angiotensin II related to Na+ and water balance?
Published	12/20/2024	How does angiotensin II affect blood vessels?
Published	12/20/2024	What happens in the absence of aldosterone?
Published	12/20/2024	What is aldosterone escape?
Published	12/20/2024	Where is ANP synthesized and released?
Published	12/20/2024	What are the key actions of ANP?
Published	12/20/2024	What is brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
Published	12/20/2024	What is urodilatin?
Published	12/20/2024	What intestinal hormones promote natriuresis?
Published	12/20/2024	How does bradykinin act as a natriuretic?
Published	12/20/2024	Q: Which prostaglandins promote Na+ excretion?
Published	12/20/2024	Q: How do prostaglandins act in chronic heart failure?
Published	12/20/2024	Q: What happens with NSAID use in heart failure?
Published	12/20/2024	Q: How does sympathetic nerve activation alter Na+ excretion?
Published	12/20/2024	What is the relationship between ECF volume and sodium balance?
Published	12/20/2024	Q: What triggers sodium balance mechanisms?
Published	12/20/2024	Q: How does EABV regulate Na+ excretion?
Published	12/20/2024	Why does edema develop in congestive heart failure?
Published	12/20/2024	How much fluid must accumulate for edema to become noticeable?
Published	12/20/2024	How is edema managed in congestive heart failure?
Published	12/20/2024	Voor de volumeregeling heb je 2 reflexen: beschrijf de minder complexe
Published	12/20/2024	Trage reflex: welke systemen bieden bescherming tegen hypovolemie en welke tegen hypervolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Welke 5 doelorganen heeft het sympathicussysteem en welke effecten heeft het?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe werken RAAS en ADH/AVP samen? Geef schematisch weer!
Published	12/20/2024	Hypervolemie en ANP--> geef schematisch weer!
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Published	12/20/2024	Wat zijn de belangrijkste klachten en tekenen van hypovolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat zijn de belangrijkste klachten en tekenen van hypervolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Welke diagnostische technieken kunnen worden gebruikt om volume-status te bepalen?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat gebeurt er met de nieren bij hypovolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Welke labwaarden wijzen op hypovolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat kenmerkt urine tijdens hypovolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat zijn belangrijke oorzaken van hypovolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat gebeurt er met de nieren bij hypervolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Welke labwaarden wijzen op hypervolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat zijn belangrijke oorzaken van hypervolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe leidt hypovolemie tot acute nierinsufficiëntie (AKI)?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe leidt hypervolemie tot acute nierinsufficiëntie (AKI)?
Published	12/20/2024	wat zijn voorbeelden van third spacing?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat zijn belangrijke oorzaken van oedeemvorming?
Published	12/20/2024	hoe varieert natriumexcretie normaal gesproken?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat zijn verkeerde biomerkers bij natriumbalansstoornissen?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe behandel je hypovolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Hoe behandel je hypervolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Welke reflexen worden geactiveerd bij hypovolemie?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat doe je bij een euvolemische patiënt met AKI?
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is de taak van de lis van Henle?
Published	12/21/2024	Welke nefronen in de lis van Henle staan in voor het concentratieproces?
Published	12/20/2024	Benoem de 2 processen van de juxtamedullaire nefronen die van belang zijn bij concentratie/dilutie
Published	12/20/2024	Wat is de functie van de countercurrent multiplier?
Published	12/21/2024	Wat is de functie van de countercurrent exchanger?
Published	12/20/2024	Welke 2 mechanismen zijn er aanwezig in de collecting duct om te zorgen voor de finale osmolariteit van de urine?
Published	12/21/2024	Beschrijf de ureumtransporters in de collecting duct
Published	12/20/2024	Beschrijf de watertransporters in de collecting duct.
Status	Last Update	Fields