Notes in 01 Inflammation and Complement

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of immunity includes macrophages and monocytes? {{c1::Innate immunity::innate or adaptive}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of immunity includes neutrophils and dendritic cells? {{c1::Innate immunity::innate or adaptive}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of immunity includes complement? {{c1::Innate immunity::innate or adaptive}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of immunity occurs rapidly, over minutes to hours?{{c1::Innate immunity::innate or adaptive}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of immunity includes physical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes? {{c1::Innate immunity::innate or adaptive}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of immunity includes physiologic barriers, such as temperature and pH? {{c1::Innate immunity::innate or adaptive}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of immunity includes chemical barriers, such as lysozyme and defensins? {{c1::Innate immunity::innate or adaptive}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin isotypes are expressed by mature, naive B-cells?{{c1::IgM and IgD}}
Published	01/03/2024	The {{c2::iso}}-type of an antibody is determined by the {{c1::Fc::Fc or Fab}} region
Published	01/03/2024	The {{c1::heavy}} chain contributes to the Fab and Fc region of an antibody
Published	01/03/2024	The {{c1::immature}} B cell is characterized by surface IgM, but no surface IgD
Published	01/03/2024	What is the only immunoglobulin that can be secreted in response to thymus-independent antigens? {{c1::IgM}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin isotypes can exist as a monomer? {{c1::All Ig types}}
Published	01/03/2024	IgM exists as a(n) {{c1::monomer}} on the surface of B cells
Published	01/03/2024	How many identical antigens can a single IgM molecule bind?{{c1::10}}
Published	01/03/2024	Does IgM cross the placenta?{{c1::No}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin is produced first in response to an infection?{{c1::IgM}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin is the main antibody produced during the primary response to antigen? {{c1::IgM}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin is the main antibody produced during the secondary response to antigen? {{c1::IgG}}
Published	01/03/2024	What is the most abundant immunoglobulin isotype in serum?{{c1::IgG}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin(s) fix complement? {{c1::IgM and IgG}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin(s) cross the placenta? {{c1::IgG}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin opsonizes bacteria? {{c1::IgG}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin is produced in the GI tract and protects against gut infections? {{c1::IgA}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin is released into breast milk (colostrum)? {{c1::IgA}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin is released into secretions (tears, saliva, mucus)? {{c1::IgA}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin binds directly to mast cells and basophils? {{c1::IgE}}
Published	01/03/2024	What is the least abundant immunoglobulin isotype in serum?{{c1::IgE}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which immunoglobulin(s) can be secreted by plasma cells? {{c1::IgA, IgG, or IgE (one type per plasma cell)}}
Published	01/03/2024	Natural killer cells may induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumors cells via release of {{c1::perforins}} and {{c1::granzymes}}
Published	01/03/2024	Acute inflammation is characterized by the presence of edema and {{c1::neutrophils::cell type}} in tissue
Published	01/03/2024	Acute inflammation arises in response to {{c1::infection}}, {{c2::tissue necrosis}}, trauma and foreign bodies
Published	01/03/2024	What organ synthesizes complement proteins? {{c1::Liver}}
Published	01/03/2024	Complement may be activated via the {{c2::classic}} pathway, which is mediated by {{c1::IgM}} and {{c1::IgG}}
Published	01/03/2024	What complement protein does the classical pathway of activation begin with? {{c1::C1}}
Published	01/03/2024	Complement may be activated via the {{c1::alternative}} pathway, which occurs spontaneously or when microbial products activate complement
Published	01/03/2024	What complement protein does the alternative pathway of activation begin with? {{c1::C3}}
Published	01/03/2024	Complement may be activated via the {{c2::lectin}} pathway, which is mediated by {{c1::mannose}} on microbial surfaces
Published	01/03/2024	What complement protein does the lectin pathway of activation begin with? {{c1::C1-like complex}}
Published	01/03/2024	All pathways of complement activation result in the production of {{c1::C3 convertase}}, which converts C3 to C3a and C3b
Published	01/03/2024	Which form of C3 convertase is produced via the lectin and classic complement pathways? {{c1::C4b2b}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which form of C3 convertase is produced via the alternative complement pathway? {{c1::C3bBb}}
Published	01/03/2024	All pathways of complement activation result in the production of {{c1::C5 convertase}}, which converts C5 to C5a and C5b
Published	01/03/2024	Which form of C5 convertase is produced via the lectin and classic complement pathways? {{c1::C4b2b3b}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which form of C5 convertase is produced via the alternative complement pathway? {{c1::C3bBb3b}}
Published	01/03/2024	C5b complexes with C6-C9 to form the {{c1::membrane attack complex (MAC)}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which complement proteins are part of the membrane attack complex (MAC)?{{c1::C5b-C9}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which complement protein is a neutrophil chemotactic?{{c1::C5a}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which complement protein is an opsonin for phagocytosis?{{c1::C3b}}*bonus: what on the macrophage binds to this?
Published	01/03/2024	{{c2::C3b and IgG}} are the two primary {{c1::opsonins}} in bacterial defense, which enhances phagocytosis
Published	01/03/2024	Which complement protein helps clear immune complexes? {{c1::C3b}}
Published	01/03/2024	One cardinal sign of inflammation is {{c1::rubor}}, or redness
Published	01/03/2024	One cardinal sign of inflammation is {{c1::calor}}, or warmth
Published	01/03/2024	One cardinal sign of inflammation is {{c1::tumor}}, or swelling
Published	01/03/2024	One cardinal sign of inflammation is {{c1::dolor}}, or pain
Published	01/03/2024	{{c2::Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)}} is due to a defect in {{c1::NADPH oxidase}}
Published	01/03/2024	Acute inflammation may result in {{c1::abscess}} formation, which is acute inflammation surrounded by fibrosis
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of granuloma is characteristic of autoimmune disease (e.g. Crohn disease, sarcoidosis)? {{c2::Non-caseating granulomas}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of granuloma is characteristic of tuberculosis and fungal infections? {{c1::Caseating granulomas}}
Published	01/03/2024	Which type of immunity utilizes C-Reactive Protein and complement?{{c1::Innate immunity::innate or adaptive}}
Published	01/03/2024	One cardinal sign of inflammation is {{c1::Functio laesa}}, or loss of function
Published	01/03/2024	{{c1::Pressure}} ulcer
Published	01/03/2024	Professional APCs present antigen to {{c3::helper}} T cells via MHC class {{c2::II}}. Example cells:- {{c1::macrophages}}- {{c1::B lymphocyt…
Published	01/03/2024	The main function of neutrophils is {{c1::killing bacteria}}
Published	01/04/2024	Chronic inflammation arises in response to persistent infection, {{c1::viral infection}}, {{c2::autoimmune disease}}, and {{c3::persist…
Published	01/03/2024	{{c4::Chronic::Acute/Chronic}} inflammation always results in fibrosis and loss of function
Published	01/03/2024	Both neutrophils and macrophages are involved in phagocytosis, but {{c1::macrophages}} also present antigens and produce cytokines
Published	01/03/2024	The immune system recognizes danger molecules using {{c1::pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)}} on cells and {{c2::complement}} in plasma
Published	01/03/2024	Vascular changes in acute inflammation usually onset within 15-30 minutes, but a 2-12 hr delay can be seen in the case of {{c1::burns}} or {{c1::…
Published	01/03/2024	What type of inflammation is characterized by leakage of lots of fluid, but not cells, into the tissues?{{c1::Serous inflammation}}
Published	01/03/2024	What type of inflammation is characterized by leakage of fluid and fibrinogen into a body cavity?{{c1::Fibrinous inflammation}}
Published	01/03/2024	What type of inflammation is characterized by accumulation of neutrophils and necrotic debris?{{c1::Suppurative/Purulent inflammat…
Published	01/03/2024	What type of inflammation is characterized by red, swollen skin?{{c1::Cellulitis}}
Published	01/03/2024	What type of inflammation is characterized by red streaks that follow lymphatic channels?{{c1::Lymphangitis}}
Published	01/03/2024	What type of inflammation is characterized by sloughing off of necrotic surface tissue?{{c1::Ulcer}}
Published	01/03/2024	An abscess is a walled-off collection of pus, which is made of {{c1::neutrophils}} and {{c1::necrotic debris}}
Published	01/03/2024	Silica exposure is associated with {{c1::chronic::acute/chronic}} inflammation
Published	01/03/2024	In atherosclerosis, cholesterol deposition on the arterial wall leads to {{c1::chronic::acute/chronic}} inflammation
Published	01/03/2024	Most common injuries will repair by {{c1::both :)::regeneration or scarring?}}
Published	01/03/2024	{{c1::Chemokines}} are cytokines that are involved in recruitment of immune cells
Published	01/03/2024	Once MBL/ficolins bind to microbial surfaces, they recruit {{c1::MASP}} proteins to cleave C2 and C4
Published	01/03/2024	The 3 outcomes of complement activation are:{{c1::inflammation}} - mediated by C3a, C4a, C5a{{c1::phagocytosis}} - mediated by C3b opsonization{{c1::M…
Published	01/03/2024	{{c1::Factor I}} is a plasma protein that protects againstcomplement-mediated damage by {{c2::inactivating C3b}}
Published	01/03/2024	Neutrophils and other immune cells can expel their nuclear DNA to trap bacteria in {{c1::NETs}}
Published	01/03/2024	What antimicrobial peptide in neutrophils but not macrophages assists in destroying phagocytosed material?{{c1…
Published	01/03/2024	The {{c1::immediate::immediate/induced}} innate response involves chemical mediators like complement and tissue resident phagocytes
Published	01/03/2024	The {{c1::induced::immediate/induced}} innate response involves neutrophils and macrophages recruited from the blood
Published	01/03/2024	Order the following steps of tissue repair: Collagen deposition, Fibroblast migration, Angiogenesis, Remodeling{{c1::Angiogenesis}} => {{c1::F…
Published	01/03/2024	You can tell that a diabetic foot ulcer has become infected when you see {{c1::redness, warmth, pain, and swelling}}
Status	Last Update	Fields