Notes in Basic Renal and Cardiac Development

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Published	09/21/2023	Three key functions of the nephron
Published	09/21/2023	Main components of the glomerular filtration barrier
Published	09/21/2023	Role of glomerular filtration
Published	09/21/2023	{{c1::Ultrafiltrate}} defines whatever passes from blood through the glomerular filtration barrier into the Bowman's capsule.
Published	09/21/2023	Glomerular filtration barrier selectively filters based on: {{c1::charge}}, {{c1::size}}, and {{c1::transcapillary pressure}}
Published	09/21/2023	Hemorrhage -> {{c1::low}} blood volume -> {{c1::low}} cardiac output -> {{c1::decreased}} transcapillary pressure -> {{c1::decreased}} fil…
Published	09/21/2023	carbonic anhydrase function in kidney
Published	09/21/2023	Explain on Na-H exchanger and Na-bicarb co transporters are linked.
Published	09/21/2023	The bulk of water is reabsorbed in the {{c1::proximal convoluted tubule}} through the activity of {{c1::aquaporin 1}}, which {{c1::is not}} hormo…
Published	09/21/2023	SGLT Transporter function
Published	09/21/2023	{{c1::Na/K ATPase}} generates an electrochemical gradient essential for solute transport
Published	09/21/2023	Acetazolamide inhibits {{c1::cardiac anhydrase}} -> {{c1::increasing}} pH of urine-> {{c1::increasing}} urine output
Published	09/21/2023	Thick ascending (Loop of Henle) is {{c1::impermeable}} to water
Published	09/21/2023	Na-K-2Cl Transporter
Published	09/21/2023	ROMK Channel
Published	09/21/2023	Loop Diuretics MOA
Published	09/21/2023	Na/Cl transporter
Published	09/21/2023	Thiazide MOA
Published	09/21/2023	Aldosterone function in collecting duct
Published	09/21/2023	{{c2::Hyperaldosteronism}} is associated with {{c1::hypokalemia}} due to increased urinary excretion of {{c3::potassium}}.
Published	09/21/2023	Distal water regulation {{c1::is}} hormonally regulated and control presence/absence of {{c1::aquaporin 2}}
Published	09/21/2023	More ADH -> {{c1::more}} aquaporin 2 -> {{c1::more}} water reabsorption
Published	09/21/2023	Net loss of water while maintaining normal sodium resorption -> {{c1::hypernatremia}}
Published	09/21/2023	Which portion of the nephron is most susceptible to hypoxia/ischemia?
Published	09/21/2023	Key steps of cardiac development
Published	09/21/2023	Formation of primary heart field
Published	09/21/2023	Formation of paired endocardial heart tubes
Published	09/21/2023	Lateral folding of embryone (key cardiac events)
Published	09/21/2023	Craniocaudal folding of embryo
Published	09/21/2023	What is each numbered region and what does it mature into?
Published	09/21/2023	The {{c1::atrioventricular canal}} between the {{c2::primitive atria and primitive ventricles}} matures into the {{c3::mitral and tricuspid valves&nbs…
Published	09/21/2023	{{c1::Endocardial cushions}} form the {{c2::valves}} and the {{c2::septa}} of the mature heart
Published	09/21/2023	What are structures 1 and 2?
Published	09/21/2023	What is structure 3?
Published	09/21/2023	What is structure 4?
Published	09/21/2023	What is structure 5?
Published	09/21/2023	Explain the process of atrial septation.
Published	09/21/2023	{{c1::Shunts}} are {{c2::abnormal pathways for blood flow in the heart}}
Published	09/21/2023	Process of great artery septation
Published	09/21/2023	Atrial mass divided into left and right regions due to {{c1::endocardial cushions}} and {{c1::septum primum/secundum}}
Published	09/21/2023	Left and right ventricles are separated by {{c1::muscular}} and {{c1::membranous ventricular septa}}
Published	09/21/2023	Three adaptations of the fetal circulatory system
Published	09/21/2023	{{c1::Foramen ovale}} bypasses the {{c2::lungs}} by shunting blood from {{c3::the RA to LA }}
Published	09/21/2023	The {{c3::ductus arteriosus}} connects the {{c1::fetal pulmonary artery to the aorta}} allows oxygenated blood to bypass {{c2::the lungs. }}
Published	09/21/2023	{{c2::Ductus venosus}} allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the {{c1::liver}}
Published	09/21/2023	What changes happen immediately after birth to the fetal circulation/respiration?
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