Notes in CNS Infections

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Published	08/30/2024	What sign is elicited when flexing the neck and touching chin to chest results in pain and muscle spasms?{{c1::Nuchal rigidity}}
Published	08/30/2024	What sign presents with resistance to knee extension and pain in hamstrings when patient's hip is flexed to 90 deg?{{c1::Kernig's Sign}}
Published	08/30/2024	What sign presents with involuntary hip flexion when patient is supine and brings chin to chest?{{c1::Brudzinski's Sign}}
Published	08/30/2024	What is characterized by swelling of the optic disk due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?{{c1::Papilledema}}
Published	08/30/2024	What are two complications of lumbar puncture?{{c1::Headache and back pain}}
Published	08/30/2024	What are some contraindications to lumbar puncture?{{c1::Local infection}}, {{c2::Increased ICP}}, {{c3::Bleeding disorder}}, or {{c4::…
Published	08/30/2024	For lab diagnosis, which tube (1, 2, 3, or 4) has ONLY CSF count with differential?{{c1::1}}
Published	08/30/2024	For lab diagnosis, which tube (1, 2, 3, or 4) contains CSF glucose and protein?{{c1::2}}
Published	08/30/2024	For lab diagnosis, which tube (1, 2, 3, or 4) contains gram stain and sensitivity?{{c1::3}}
Published	08/30/2024	For lab diagnosis, which tube (1, 2, 3, or 4) is used for special studies?{{c1::4}}
Published	08/30/2024	Which 2 etiologies of neonatal meningitis is part of the normal flora of the GI tract?{{c1::Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and Escherichia coli}}
Published	08/30/2024	Is E. Coli Indole postive or negative?{{c1::Positive}}
Published	08/30/2024	Which etiology of neonatal meningitis will grow at 4oC?{{c1::Listeria monocytogenes}}
Published	08/30/2024	Which etiology of neonatal meningitis shows characteristic tumbling motility at 25oC?{{c1::Listeria monocytogenes}}
Published	08/30/2024	Which etiology of neonatal meningitis is also the most common cause of meningitis in renal transplant patients?{{c1::Listeria monocytogenes}}
Published	08/30/2024	What feature of L. monocytogenes allows for attachment and entry into nonphagocytic cells?{{c1::Internalins}}
Published	08/30/2024	What feature of L. monocytogenes allows for escape from phagosome into cytoplasm?{{c1::Listeriolysin O}}
Published	08/30/2024	What feature of L. monocytogenes is a beta-hemolysin (pore-forming exotoxin)?{{c1::Listeriolysin O}}
Published	08/30/2024	What feature of Listeria monocytogenes is used for actin polymerization and leaves comet tails?{{c1::ActA}}
Published	08/30/2024	What is needed for resolution of Listeria infection?{{c1::CMI}}
Published	08/30/2024	What rapid tests are used for neonatal meningitis?{{c1::Latex particle agglutination and PCR}}
Published	08/30/2024	What feature of Streptococcus pneumoniae forms pores and causes cytolysis?{{c1::Pneumolysin}}
Published	08/30/2024	H. influenzae depends on factor {{c1::V}} and {{c2::X}}, which is called {{c3::satellitism}}
Published	08/30/2024	Which serogroup of meningococcal meningitis is the most dangerous?{{c1::B}}
Published	08/30/2024	Will the usual vaccine for meningococcal meningitis (ACWY) protect against meningitis B?{{c1::No}}
Published	08/30/2024	What is a complication of severe infection of N. meningitidis?{{c1::Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome}}
Published	08/30/2024	A deficiency in what will predispose for infection and recurrent attacks by N. meningitidis?{{c1::C5-9 (terminal complement deficiency)}}
Published	08/30/2024	For bacterial meningitis prevention, children get {{c1::conjugate}} vaccines whereas adults usually get {{c2::polysaccharide}} vaccines
Published	08/30/2024	What are the two advantages of using conjugated vaccines?{{c1::Class switching and Memory B cells}}
Published	08/30/2024	Will microbiology of TB be tested on the exam?{{c1::No}}
Published	08/29/2024	The most common causes of bacterial meningitis in neonates are:- {{c1::Streptococcus agalatiae}}- {{c1::Escherichia…
Published	08/29/2024	The most common causes of bacterial menigitis in children are:- {{c1::Streptococcus pneumoniae}}- {{c1::Neisse…
Published	08/29/2024	The most common causes of bacterial menigitis in (young) adults are:- {{c1::Neisseria meningitidis}}- {{c1::St…
Published	08/29/2024	The most common causes of bacterial meningitis in the elderly are:- {{c1::Streptococcus pneumoniae}}- {{c1::Ne…
Published	08/29/2024	What sign presents with resistance or pain in the hamstrings during extension when the patient's hip and knee are flexed to 90 deg…
Published	08/29/2024	What sign presents with involuntary hip flexion while trying to flex a patient's neck toward their chest?{{c1::Brudzinski's sign}}
Published	08/29/2024	{{c1::Papilledema}} is the swelling of the optic disk due to increased {{c2::intracranial pressure}}
Published	08/29/2024	{{c2::Bacterial::Bacterial/viral}} meningitis presents with a {{c1::rapid}} onset
Published	08/29/2024	{{c1::Viral::Bacterial/viral}} meningitis presents with a {{c2::slow}} onset
Published	08/29/2024	{{c1::Bacterial::Bacterial/viral}} meningitis more often presents with altered mental status
Published	08/29/2024	{{c1::Viral::Bacterial/viral}} meningitis is less often associated with fever
Published	08/29/2024	Contraindications to lumbar puncture include:- Infection at the lumbar puncture site- Increased {{c1::intracranial pressure::neuro…
Published	08/29/2024	The most common cause of bacterial mengitis in renal transplant patients is {{c1::Listeria monocytogenes}}
Published	08/29/2024	{{c1::Internalins}} of Listeria monocytogenes allow them attach and enter non-phagocytic cells
Published	08/29/2024	{{c1::ActA}} is a virulence factor that allows {{c2::Listeria monocytogenes}} to polymerize actin and propel itself through the cytopla…
Published	08/29/2024	Resolution of a Listeria monocytogenes infection occurs through {{c1::cell-mediated::humoral/cell-mediated}} immunity
Published	08/29/2024	Which rapid test(s) are used to screen for neonatal meningitis?{{c1::Latex agglutination and PCR}}
Published	08/29/2024	Empiric treatment for early-onset (neonatal) bacterial meningitis is:First line: {{c1::Cefotaxime}}Second-line: {{c1::Am…
Published	08/29/2024	Which subtype of Neisseria meningitidis is the most virulent?{{c1::Type B}}
Published	08/30/2024	Lumbar puncture that shows {{c2::bloody CSF}} is indicative of meningitis caused by {{c1::Naegleria fowleri}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Naegleria fowleri}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::J. Arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::C. CAMP test- for confirmation of Group B beta hemolytic streptococci}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::3 G. Oxidase test. Positive is purple}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::E. Chocolate agar with growth of Strep pneumoniae showing alpha hemolysis and optochin sensitivity}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::F. Gram stain of CSF showing polymorphs (inflammatory cells) and Gram positive cocci in pairs, suggestive of Strep pneumoniae}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::B. MacConkey’s agar showing LF (Lactose fermenting) colonies of E.coli}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::H. Gram stain of CSF showing polymorphs with Gram negative diplococci, suggestive of Neisseria meningitidis}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::I. Satellitism shown by Haemophilus influenzae on Blood agar}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::A. Taenia solium egg/ ova}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::M. CSF wet mount showing Acanthameba trophozites( note the acanthopodia)}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::K. Spherule of Coccidioides immitis}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::O. Giemsa stain showing tachyzoites of Toxoplasma}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Q. Stained mount of Mucor showing sporangia with sporangiospores}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::18 R.Tissue section showing right angled branching hyphae of Mucor/ Rhizopus}}
Status	Last Update	Fields