Notes in 08HumoralEffectors

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Plasma cells that migrate to the {{c1::bone marrow}} continue to produce antibodies for months or years
Published	07/30/2024	F{{c1::ab}} regions of antibodies bind to microbesF{{c1::c}} regions of antibodies bind to phagocytes and complement proteins
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)}} bind to Ig{{c1::G}} in within the {{c2::acid::acid/bas}}ic endosomes of cells and releases it back to the blood fo…
Published	07/30/2024	Ig{{c1::M, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3}} is for the activation of the classical pathway of complement
Published	07/30/2024	Antibodies may prevent microbes from entering cells by binding to their membrane proteins/lipids or bind to toxins. This is called {{c1::steric hindra…
Published	07/30/2024	Fc{{c1::γRI (CD64)}} on macrophages and neutrophils mainly binds to Ig{{c2::G1}} and Ig{{c2::G3}} and signals phagocytosis and phagocyte activati…
Published	07/30/2024	Fc{{c1::γRIIB (CD32)}} on B cells, DCs, mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils have {{c2::low::low/high}} affinity to Igs and signals inhibition of …
Published	07/30/2024	Fc{{c1::γRIIIA (CD16)}} on {{c3::NK cells}} have {{c2::low::low/high}} affinity to Igs and signals {{c3::Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADC…
Published	07/30/2024	Fc{{c1::εRI}} on mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils have affinity to IgE and signals degranulation
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c6::alternative}} pathway of the complement system,C3 spontaneously cleaves → C3a + C3b. C3b deposits on the microbeC3b + ({{c1::Factor B}} c…
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c6::classical}} pathway of the complement system,{{c1::C1q}} + 2x Fc of IgM, IgG1, or IgG3-antigen complexes cleave {{c2::C2}} and {{c2::C4 (…
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c2::lectin}} pathway of the complement system, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to the plasma mannose of the microbe, then cleaving fo…
Published	07/30/2024	After C5 is cleaved into C5b and C5a, C5b initiates the assembly of the C5-{{c1::9}} membrane attack complex (MAC) where water and ions will enter the…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::C3b or C4b::complement protein/s}} is/are also an opsonin/s that is/are recognized by {{c2::complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) (read extra)}…
Published	07/30/2024	Smaller complement fragments ("a") participate in inflammatory reactions by {{c1::attracting neutophils (C5a)::also give main anaphylatoxin}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::C3d::complement}} fragment is recognized by {{c2::complement receptor type 2 (CR2)}} on B lymphocytes and enhances cell the response
Published	07/30/2024	C{{c1::3}} deficiency may result in increased susceptibility to severe bacterial infections, and glomerulonephritis
Published	07/30/2024	C{{c1::1 (q, r, or s), 2 and 4}} deficiency may result in increased incidence of SLE
Published	07/30/2024	C{{c1::5-8 (or 9)}} deficiency may result in increased incidence of Neisseria infection
Published	07/30/2024	Alternative pathway component deficiency may result in increased incidence of {{c1::meningococcal}} infection
Published	07/30/2024	A regulatory protein called {{c1::C1 inhibitor (C1 INH)}} stops complement activation early by displacing {{c2::C1r2s2}} from C1q
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Decay-accelerating factor (DAF)}} is a glycolipid-linked cell surface protein that disrupts the binding of {{c2::Bb}} to {{c2::C3b}} and the bin…
Published	07/30/2024	A plasma enzyme called {{c1::Factor I}} cleaves {{c2::C3b}} into inactive fragments, with {{c1::membrane cofactor protein (MCP)}} and the {{c1::p…
Published	07/30/2024	C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) deficiency may cause {{c1::hereditary angioedema}}
Published	07/30/2024	Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and MIRL deficiency may cause {{c1::Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria}}
Published	07/30/2024	Regulatory proteins Factors I and H deficiency may cause {{c1::increased complement activation and reduced levels of C3 resulting in RECURRENT PYOGENI…
Published	07/30/2024	Primary immunodeficiencies usually manifest current infections after {{c1::6}} months wherein the maternal antibody levels are low.
Published	07/30/2024	B cells in mucosal epithelial tissues produce IgA because the cytokines that induce switching to this isotype, including {{c1::transforming growth fac…
Published	07/30/2024	Transport of IgA through the intestinal epithelium is carried out by the {{c1::polyimmunoglobulin specific receptor (Poly-Ig receptor)}}, which is exp…
Published	07/30/2024	Neonates can acquire the mother’s antibody profiles through the followingIgG through Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn);Ig{{c1::A}} through transcytosis
Published	07/30/2024	Most viruses and bacteria evade humoral immunity through antigenic variation and inhibition of complement activation.{{c1::Streptococcus}} does this b…
Published	07/30/2024	HIV mutates its genome at a high rate, and therefore different strains contain many variant forms of {{c1::gp120}}, a major antigenic surface gly…
Status	Last Update	Fields