Notes in [4.01] The Back (Ivan)

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Published	02/20/2024	what are the two general types of back muscles?
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Published	02/20/2024	25830407535b402b8dc8d951ce947262-ao-6
Published	02/20/2024	what type of movement are Extrinsic back muscles generally for?
Published	02/20/2024	what is the relevance of the triangle of auscultation? what are its borders?
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Published	02/20/2024	ebe4d6f6eaf94c9c817ca682161f2360-ao-2
Published	02/20/2024	what type of movement are intrinsic back muscles for? (superficial & deep muscles)
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Published	02/20/2024	what are the 4 curvatures of a mature adult vertebral column?
Published	02/20/2024	how do the curvatures of the vertebral column develop as a human ages?
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Published	02/20/2024	what occurs in scoliosis?
Published	02/20/2024	what occurs in kyphosis?
Published	02/20/2024	what occurs in lordosis?
Published	02/20/2024	which type of abnormal curvature is most likely for a pregnant mother?
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Published	02/20/2024	43c04f4eb6de4bd488fc505459538349-ao-9
Published	02/20/2024	what are the two joints between connected vertebrae?
Published	02/20/2024	what is the function of ligaments in the vertebral column?
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Published	02/20/2024	what is special about the supraspinous ligament and the ligamentum nuchae?
Published	02/20/2024	what is special about the ligamentum nuchae in terms of its attachments?
Published	02/20/2024	which ligament joins the lamina of consecutive vertebrae?
Published	02/20/2024	what is a difference between the posterior longitudinal ligament and anterior longitudinal ligament?
Published	02/20/2024	what may occur when the neck is hyperflexed?
Published	02/20/2024	what are the potential damages to the vertebral column in a whiplash injury? (sudden hyperextension & flexion of neck)
Published	02/20/2024	what is a unique feature of thoracic vertebrae?
Published	02/20/2024	what movement is possible for thoracic vertebrae?
Published	02/20/2024	what are C1 and C2 called? why (non-examinable but helps memory)?
Published	02/20/2024	what is a unique feature of the cervical vertebrae? (C3-C7, C1-C2 are atypical)
Published	02/20/2024	what movement is possible for cervical vertebrae? (C3-C7)
Published	02/20/2024	what allows for rotational movement in cervical vertebrae (C3-C7)?
Published	02/20/2024	what is unique about the structure of the C1 vertebra?
Published	02/20/2024	what is unique about the structure of the C2 vertebra?
Published	02/20/2024	what prevents the Dens of C2 from compressing on the spinal cord?
Published	02/20/2024	what is unique about the superior articular facets of C1? what joint do they form? what movement does it allow?
Published	02/20/2024	what is unique about the superior articular facets of C2? what joint do they form? what movement does it allow?
Published	02/20/2024	what is unique about the structure of the lumbar vertebrae?
Published	02/20/2024	why is the lumbar vertebra sometimes described as a Scottie dog when viewed obliquely? what are some clinical relevances of this structure?
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Published	02/20/2024	what is important about the sacral promontory?
Published	02/20/2024	why are the holes in the sacrum called foramina and not foramen?
Published	02/20/2024	what is the clinical relevance of the sacral hiatus?
Published	02/20/2024	what are the two components of an intervertebral disc? where are they? what are they like?
Published	02/20/2024	what is special about the arrangement of fibres in the annulus fibrosus?
Published	02/20/2024	what are the main functions of the intervertebral discs?
Published	02/20/2024	what is special / notable about the nucleus pulposus?
Published	02/20/2024	why do the elderly 'shrink' / become shorter?
Published	02/20/2024	when will the nucleus pulposus absorb and expel water?
Published	02/20/2024	what is a risk of a compressed spine / IV Disc?
Published	02/20/2024	what occurs in herniation of the intervertebral disc? (prolapsed/slipped disc)
Published	02/20/2024	what is the risk of herniation? (what may herniation lead to)
Published	02/20/2024	what are some common sites of herniations? which vertebral nerves are compressed? (hint: cervical and lumbar hernation)
Published	02/20/2024	how many cervical vertebrae are there? how many nerves? what is the arrangement of nerves leaving the intervertebral foramen for cervical nerves?&nbsp…
Published	02/20/2024	how many lumbar vertebrae are there? how many nerves? what is the arrangement of nerves leaving the intervertebral foramen for lumbar nerves? (same ap…
Published	02/20/2024	why do lumbar herniations (slipped discs) compress on the lumbar nerve below it? (e.g. L4/5 slipped disc compresses on L5)
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Published	02/20/2024	what are the three layers of meninges protecting the spinal cord? briefly describe what they are like
Published	02/20/2024	what is the conus medullaris? where is it?
Published	02/20/2024	what is the cauda equina? what do they supply? (hint: cauda equina means horse tail)
Published	02/20/2024	what is the filum terminale?
Published	02/20/2024	where may a lumbar puncture be performed? why there?
Published	02/20/2024	why does the spinal cord end above the end of the vertebral column? (hint: embryology)
Published	02/20/2024	where is the conus medullaris in babies compared to adults?
Published	02/20/2024	clinically, where can L4 be located for a lumbar puncture?
Published	02/20/2024	what are some purposes of performing a lumbar puncture (spinal tap)?
Published	02/20/2024	what are some potential causes of neck / lower back pain?  (no explanation needed)
Published	02/20/2024	what is spinal osteoarthritis? symptoms? causes?
Published	02/20/2024	what is cervical spondylosis? symptoms? cause?
Published	02/20/2024	what are osteophytes? where are they most common? symptoms? causes?
Published	02/20/2024	what is lumbar spondylolysis? symptoms? causes?
Published	02/20/2024	what is lumbar spondylolisthesis? symptoms? causes?
Published	02/20/2024	where may caudal epidural blocks or steroid injections be performed?
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