Notes in Neuroimmunology/NeuroID

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Published	04/01/2024	{{c1::Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)}}  affects oligodendrocytes and causes dementia, weakness, vision loss and ataxia.
Published	04/01/2024	Neuroimaging in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy would show what? {{c1::Patchy areas of white matter from demyelination}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does ADEM stand for? {{c1::Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}}
Published	04/01/2024	Signs/symptoms of optic neuritis: (6){{c1::Painful visual lossUhthoff's phenomenon (worsening visual fxn during exercise, hot bath)RAPD Retro-orb…
Published	04/01/2024	Describe some symptoms of transverse myelitis (5)?Uni/bilateral weakness or sensory loss {{c2::below::below or above}} lesionBowel, bladder fxn may be…
Published	04/01/2024	What is a secondary progressive course of MS? recovery from each relapse is{{c1:: incomplete}} → baseline functioning deteriorates.
Published	04/01/2024	What is a primary progressive course of MS? {{c1::Relentlessly progressive course from the onset}}
Published	04/01/2024	MS lesions have a predilection for what areas (4)?{{c1::JuxtacorticalCerebellar pedunclesCorpus callosumPEriventricular}}
Published	04/01/2024	What is Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)?{{c1::Monophasic::monophasic or diphasic}} demyelination of the CNS, commonly following an pr…
Published	04/01/2024	How do you distinguish ADEM from Multiple Sclerosis?ADEM:doesn't usually {{c3::recur}}More common in {{c1::kids::kids or adults}}Lesions: {{…
Published	04/01/2024	What's Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)?{{c1::Characterized by an acute confusional state and cortical visual loss (blindness&…
Published	04/01/2024	Classic MRI findings in {{c1::PML}} consist of multiple demyelinating, non-enhancing lesions with no mass effects in an immunocompromised patient…
Published	04/01/2024	What is the empiric antibiotic treatment for patients with bacterial meningitis after neurosurgery or penetrating skull trauma? {{c1::Vanc + cefepime}…
Published	04/01/2024	Cyanotic heart disease and recurrent sinusitis are both important predisposing factors for what invovling the brain? {{c1::Brain abscess}}
Published	04/01/2024	Which herpes virus is associated with a painful retinitis? {{c1::VZV, HSV}}
Published	04/01/2024	Opsoclonus (dancing eyes) is often a paraneoplastic syndrome that is commonly caused by {{c1::neuroblastoma}} in children.
Published	04/01/2024	What are the 3 most common causes of brain abscess?{{c1::Viridans streptococci (if from sinusitis)Staph aureus G (-) organisms }}
Published	04/01/2024	Patient w/ rapid progressive dementia and seizures. Has eleveted antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies? {{c1::Hashimoto's Encephalopath…
Published	04/01/2024	Basilar leptomeningeal, parenchymal and pituitary stalk/hypothalamic enhancement/involvement in pt w/ CN symptoms? {{c1::Neurosarcoidosis::condit…
Published	04/01/2024	30 yo F w/ subacute encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss, branch retinal artery occlusions. MRI revealed central collasal lesions. What is …
Published	04/01/2024	most common neuro manifestations of Sjogrens?{{c1::Transverse myelitisOptic neuritisSmall fiber peripheral neuropathySensory ganglionopathy::4 things}…
Published	04/01/2024	Azathioprine MOA: {{c1::it blocks T cells proliferation by inhibiting purine synthesis which in turn prevents synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid …
Published	04/01/2024	typical LP in HSV encephalitis?{{c1::10,000 RBC (bloody)20 WBC (mild pleo...)}}
Published	04/01/2024	{{c1::Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis}} (SSPE) is a rare progressive neurological disorder caused by defective measles virus infection of the brai…
Published	04/01/2024	What condition is this path slide consistent with? {{c1::Polymyositis}}
Published	04/01/2024	What diagnosis is this muscle biopsy consistent with? {{c1::polymyositis}}
Published	04/01/2024	Sx of HHV-6 encephalitis? {{c2::limbic encephalitis syndrome}} (memory loss, insomnia, {{c3::SIADH}}, {{c4::temporal lobe}} epilepsy)Can be reactivate…
Published	04/01/2024	What is the mechanism of action of Fingolimod in the treatment of MS? {{c1::Sphingosphine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor functional antagonist, prevents l…
Published	04/01/2024	What are the adverse events associated with Glatiramer Acetate therapy for MS? {{c1::Injection site reactions, lipoatrophy::2 things}}
Published	04/01/2024	What should be considered when deciding on the specific therapy for a patient with a new diagnosis of RRMS? {{c1::Route of administration, potential a…
Published	04/01/2024	What are the adverse events associated with Interferon therapy for MS?{{c1::" HALF D"Hematologoic AbnormalitiesLiver injuryFlu-like symptomsDepression…
Published	04/01/2024	What are the adverse events associated with Fingolimod therapy for MS?{{c1::First dose bradycardia/conduction block::Cardiovascular effect}}macular ed…
Published	04/01/2024	What are the diagnostic criteria for Secondary Progressive MS? {{c1::Demonstrating gradual progression of disability after an initial relapsing-remitt…
Published	04/01/2024	Behçet's disease:type of disease: {{c1::systemic, necrotizing vasculitis}}clinical presentation: {{c2::painful mouth + genital sores, inflammation of …
Published	04/01/2024	Azathioprine for myasthenia:time to effect? {{c1::effect delayed 6-12 months}}Can you combine with steroids? {{c2::can be WITH steroids}}Side effects?…
Published	04/01/2024	What is the mechanism of action of Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera) in the treatment of MS?Dimethyl fumarate activates the {{c1::Nrf2}} pathway, which pr…
Published	04/01/2024	What is the mechanism of action of Glatiramer Acetate in the treatment of MS? Competition with {{c1::myelin}} antigens for binding to antigen-presenti…
Published	04/01/2024	presence of refractile or non-refractile yellow Gass plaques in the retinal arterioles is near pathognomonic for the diseaseSusac's syndrome is a rare…
Published	04/01/2024	Radiation NecrosisRadiation necrosis is indistinguishable from {{c1::recurrent tumor}} on conventional imaging. May demonstrate {{c2::mass effect and …
Published	04/01/2024	lyme lymphocytic meningitisinitial CNS process? {{c1::initially presents as a chronic basilar meningitis}}Time of presentation after infection? {{c2::…
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