Notes in Ecology midterm 2

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Published	11/10/2024	OK!
Published	11/10/2024	NEW~!
Published	11/10/2024	with in the nitrogen cycle, where does most of the nitrogen reside?
Published	11/10/2024	why two seperate sexes?
Published	11/10/2024	why sudden rise in atmospheric CO2
Published	11/10/2024	why sudden drop in atmospheric CO2
Published	11/10/2024	what are the three factors of the Milankovitch cycles?
Published	11/10/2024	what climate change is relevant to us?
Published	11/10/2024	aphelion vs. perihelion
Published	11/10/2024	how to calculated expected number of offspring (R0)
Published	11/10/2024	natural selection favors ___ reproduction
Published	11/10/2024	why does natural selection favor earlier reproduction?
Published	11/10/2024	why don't all organisms start reproducing right after they are born?
Published	11/10/2024	semelparous (examples)
Published	11/10/2024	iteroparous (examples)
Published	11/10/2024	what is the condition for semelparous organisms to "win out" (for semelparity to be adaptive):
Published	11/10/2024	why is semelparity not always optimal (why produce multiple times)
Published	11/10/2024	make more offspring or larger ones?
Published	11/10/2024	senescence
Published	11/10/2024	mutation accumulation hypothesis: Peter Medawar (hypothesis to explain evolution of senescence)
Published	11/10/2024	side-effect hypothesis/antagonistic pleintropy: George Williams (hypothesis that explains senescence)
Published	11/10/2024	how do organisms deal with variation in environments?
Published	11/10/2024	phenotypic plasticity (strategy for dealing with environment variability) (cue required)
Published	11/10/2024	what is the cost of phenotypic plasticity?
Published	11/10/2024	bet hedging (strategy for dealing with environment variability) (cue-less)
Published	11/10/2024	when would phenotypic plasticity vs. bet hedging dominate? (which type and when)
Published	11/10/2024	what is life history
Published	11/10/2024	what is the fundamental equation of population dynamics
Published	11/10/2024	how does the fundamental equation change incontinuous time?
Published	11/10/2024	how does the fundamental equation change in discrete time?
Published	11/10/2024	On August 3rd, there were 500 cases. On Spetember 14th this number was 2710. In 42 days, the infection grew by 5.42 fold. What is r?
Published	11/10/2024	how to find doubling time of an exponentially growing population?
Published	11/10/2024	example of negative density dependence in animals
Published	11/10/2024	the Janzen-Connell effect
Published	11/10/2024	example of negative density dependence in plants
Published	11/10/2024	how do you alter the fundamental equation to include density?
Published	11/10/2024	pathenogenesis
Published	11/10/2024	mutation purging (why sexual reproduction)
Published	11/10/2024	maintaining genetic diversity amongst offspring (why sexual reproduction)
Published	11/10/2024	increasing the rate of evolution to deal with pathogens (why sexual reproduction)
Published	11/10/2024	anisogamy
Published	11/10/2024	example of exception to anisogamy
Published	11/10/2024	why different gamete types (sizes)
Published	11/10/2024	how much of each sex?
Published	11/10/2024	what are four distinct question that could be asked bout a behavior?
Published	11/10/2024	what is the optimality hypothesis
Published	11/10/2024	how does the optimality hypothesis apply to foraging for food?
Published	11/10/2024	marginal value theorum: how does an animal negotiate the energy trade off of moving to another patch
Published	11/10/2024	how would the marginal value theorum be altered?
Published	11/10/2024	optimality hypothesis on group size
Published	11/10/2024	how does natural selection favor cooperation?
Published	11/10/2024	what are the two parts of the carbon cycle
Published	11/10/2024	what makes up the fast carbon cycle
Published	11/10/2024	what makes up the slow carbon cycle
Published	11/10/2024	equation for slow carbon cycle
Published	11/10/2024	how does carbon in the ocean become rock like limestone?
Published	11/10/2024	what is the biological carbon pump?
Published	11/10/2024	Coal, oil and CaCO3 formation are part of which caron cycle?
Published	11/10/2024	when did the slow carbon cycle begin to increase in its carbon intake?
Published	11/10/2024	what effect does the water have on ions
Published	11/10/2024	what are the biggest sources of freshwater
Published	11/10/2024	non-oceanic water reservoirs are the by-products of what?
Published	11/10/2024	what is the difference between precipitation and evaporation on land vs. over oceans?
Published	11/10/2024	why is river run off increasing?
Published	11/10/2024	what forms of nitrogen do organisms use?
Published	11/10/2024	how is N2 from the atmosphere converted to NH3?
Published	11/10/2024	pathway of nitrogen cycle
Published	11/10/2024	did the earth used to spin faster or slower?
Published	11/10/2024	when did plants appear on earth
Published	11/10/2024	has earth ever been warmer ta\han today?
Published	11/10/2024	wht factors affect ice ages?
Published	11/10/2024	does a highly elliptical or highly circular eccentricity favor an ice age?
Published	11/10/2024	what is maximum difference in radiance between the aphelion and perihelion? minimum difference?
Published	11/10/2024	how does axial tilt affect seasons?
Published	11/10/2024	what type of axial tilt favors ice age?
Published	11/10/2024	when does summer happen in north hemisphere if earth is pointing at Vega?
Published	11/10/2024	when does summer happen in north hemisphere if earth is pointing at polaris(north star now)?
Published	11/10/2024	at what stage of precession is the ice age favored
Published	11/10/2024	what happened to animals as a result of expanding glacial regions
Published	11/10/2024	why are sea levels rising
Published	11/10/2024	what is competition?
Published	11/10/2024	what is exploitation
Published	11/10/2024	what is interference
Published	11/10/2024	what is apparent competition
Published	11/10/2024	what would cause competitive exclusion?
Published	11/10/2024	what would cause coexistence
Published	11/10/2024	what would cause coexistence
Published	11/10/2024	according to the logistic growth equation, when would a population grow?
Published	11/10/2024	according to the logistic growth equation, when would a population stay constant?
Published	11/10/2024	according to the logistic growth equation, when would a population shrink?
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