Notes in Infection

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Published	08/28/2024	The three kinds of conjunctivitis are {{c1::viral}}, {{c2::bacterial}}, and {{c3::allergic}}
Published	08/28/2024	The most common cause of viral conjunctivitis is {{c1::adenovirus}}
Published	08/28/2024	The most common cause of conjunctivitis is {{c1::virus}}
Published	08/28/2024	Viral conjunctivitis is contagious. T/F{{c1::T, very contagious}}
Published	08/28/2024	The clinical signs of viral conjunctivitis are {{c1::eye redness with watery tearing (little mucous discharge)}} that is (unilateral/bilateral) {{c2::…
Published	08/28/2024	Unique examination findings for viral conjunctivitis include {{c1::follicular bumps inside eyelids (blisters essentially)}} and s{{c2::welling of prea…
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of viral conjunctivitis is {{c1::symptomatic relief}}
Published	08/28/2024	The clinical presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis includes {{c1::mucupurulent discharge (causing sticky eyelashes)}} and is (unilateral/bilateral)…
Published	08/28/2024	Unique examination findings in bacterial conjunctivitis include {{c1::red bumps inside the lids}}
Published	08/28/2024	The most common culprits of bacterial conjunctivitis are {{c1::staph and strep}}, and in kids consider {{c2::hemophilus influenza }} and in sexua…
Published	08/28/2024	Most bacterial conjunctivitis can be treated with {{c1::erythromycin ointment}}
Published	08/28/2024	The clinical presentation of allergic conjunctivitis includes {{c1::red, watery eyes with itching and swelling. }}
Published	08/28/2024	The unique examination findings of patients with allergic conjunctivitis include {{c1::allergic shiners}} and {{c2::dennie-morgan lines}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Blepharitis}} is an inflammation of the {{c2::eyelids}}
Published	08/28/2024	The clinical presentation of {{c1::blepharitis}} is {{c2::stinging, tearing, and gritty sensation in eyes}}
Published	08/28/2024	The two kinds of blepharitis are {{c1::anterior}} and {{c2::posterior}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c2::Anterior}} blepharitis presents with {{c1::crusting, redness, and ulcerative lesions around the lashes }}
Published	08/28/2024	Anterior blepharitis is most commonly caused by {{c1::staph infection}}
Published	08/28/2024	Posterior blepharitis presents with {{c1::meibomian gland dysfunction in that they cannot produce meibum to make oil for tear film}}
Published	08/28/2024	The primary treatment of blepharitis is {{c1::good lid hygiene (baby shampoo), warm compresses, and in tougher cases topical antibiotics or oral doxyc…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Chalazions}} are {{c2::granulomatous}} inflammations of the meibomian gland
Published	08/28/2024	Chalazions occur when {{c1::meibomian gland pores become clogged (such as in blepharitis), causing the meibum to back up into the gland and cause a NO…
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of chalazions involve {{c1::warm compresses, massage, lid scrubs, I/D by flipping lid}}
Published	08/28/2024	The two types of chlamydial conjunctivitis are {{c1::inclusion conjunctivitis}} and {{c2::trachoma}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c3::Inclusion conjuncivitis}} is caused by {{c1::sexual activitity }} and presents with typical bacterial conjunctivitis findings, but uniquely…
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of inclusion conjuncitivitis is {{c1::topical antibiotics + oral azithromycin }}
Published	08/28/2024	Trachoma is caused by {{c1::non-sexual activity, due to poor sanitation through family members, flies, gnats}}
Published	08/28/2024	Trachoma presents with {{c1::eyelids changing the direction of their growth}}, known as {{c2::trichiasis}}
Published	08/28/2024	Gonoccal infeciton is much rarer than chlamydial conjunctivitis, and the presenting signs are {{c1::PROFUSE purulent discharge, with a lot of potentia…
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of gonococcal conjunctivitis is {{c1::topical antibiotics + systemic coverage like ceftriaxone AND azithromycin}}
Published	08/28/2024	Babies are prophylactically treated with {{c1::silver nitrate}} or {{c2::erythromycin ointment}} after birth to prevent gonoccal conjunctivitis
Published	08/28/2024	Presentation of corneal abrasion includes {{c1::pain, photophobia, and foreign body sensation }}
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of corneal abrasion is {{c1::aggressive lubrication}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Corneal ulcer}} is basically a corneal abrasion with an associated bacterial infiltrate
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of corneal ulcer is {{c1::antibiotics like fluoroquinolone }}
Published	08/28/2024	Contact wearers are more likely to have a dangerous infection with {{c1::pseudomonas}}
Published	08/28/2024	You should patch an eye with corneal ulcer. T/F?{{c1::F: gotta check progression. You patch sterile corneal abrasions to promote lubrication and speed…
Published	08/28/2024	Post-septal cellulitis = orbital cellulitis is an infection behind the septum, and most commonly occurs from {{c1::sinus infection (remember that eros…
Published	08/28/2024	Symptoms of orbital cellulitis include {{c1::swelling causing proptosis and chemosis, painful eye movement with decreased motility (muscle inflammatio…
Published	08/28/2024	If you suspect a patient has orbital cellulitis, next step is {{c1::order CT}}
Published	08/28/2024	Herpes simplex infection of the eye = {{c1::herpes keratitis}}
Published	08/28/2024	Herpes keratitis is caused by {{c1::HSV-1}}
Published	08/28/2024	Presentation of {{c2::herpes keratitis}} includes {{c1::red injected eye with pain, vesicular rash near orbit}}
Published	08/28/2024	Examination findings of herpes keratitis include {{c1::dendritic ulcer in cornea }}
Published	08/28/2024	The natural history of {{c2::herpes keratitis}} is {{c1::initial superficial cornea infecttion, but it reactivates and goes deeper each time and can c…
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of herpes keratitis is {{c1::agggressive: debridement with cotton swab, Viroptic (trifluridine, an anti-herpes drop), topical acyclovir or g…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::AIDS retinopathy}} is a relatively benign state that occurs with CD4 counts less than {{c2::200}}
Published	08/28/2024	Examination findings of AIDS retinopathy include {{c1::cotton-wool spots, microaneurysms, hemorrhaging}}
Published	08/28/2024	Finding cotton-wool spots in a healthy patient without diabetes or HTN should clue you into {{c1::HIV}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::CMV}} is the most common opportunistic infection of the eye
Published	08/28/2024	{{c2::CMV}} infection occurs at CD4 counts <{{c1::50}}
Published	08/28/2024	CMV creates a {{c2::necrotizing retinitis}}, which on examination looks like {{c1::peripheral areas of white retinal necrosis and hemorrhaging}}
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of CMV is {{c1::antivirals (gancyclovir, foscarnet), but these don't eradicate the virus but instead just suppress it; gotta give antivirals…
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Endophthalmitis}} is a serious infection inside the eye, often due to {{c2::complication of ocular surgery, trauma to eye, seeding from endogeno…
Published	08/28/2024	Examination findings of {{c2::endophthalmitis}} include {{c1::hazy inflammatory cells in vitreous (so hazy you cannot see retina), hypoion (anterior c…
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of endophthalmitis depends on vision. If {{c3::HM}} or better, treat with {{c1::tap and inject}}. If {{c4::LP}} or worse, treat with {{c2::v…
Published	08/28/2024	Eyes with herpes keratitis are more sensitive to touch. T/F?{{c1::F: the herpes kills corneal nerves, so pt may feel artificially better}}
Published	08/28/2024	Distinguishing preseptal vs orbital cellulitis (Boisvert lecture):{{c1::}}
Published	08/28/2024	Orbital cellulitis seen in an adult is likely a sign of {{c1::immunosuppression}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Orbital cellulitis in left eye}}
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Published	08/28/2024	The only bacterial follicular conjunctivitis, it appears, is {{c1::chlamydia}}
Published	08/28/2024	Which serotypes of adenovirus are most commonly implicated in viral conjunctivitis?{{c1::8, 19, 37}}
Published	08/28/2024	Vernal (seasonal) and atopic conjunctivitis are a sort of allergic conunctivitis that uniquely present with {{c1::large conjunctival papillae in upper…
Published	08/28/2024	The ulcer seen in {{c3::atopic or vernal}} conjunctivitis is known as a {{c2::shield ulcer}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c2::Pediculosis}} is a type of follicular conjunctivitis caused by {{c1::lice or crabs}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Pediculosis: lice, nits, blood-tinged debris on eyelids and lashes}}
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of pediculosis is {{c1::mechanical removal of lice/eggs, erythromycin ointment, anti-lice lotion and shampoo to nonocular areas}}
Published	08/28/2024	Chronic conjunctivitis lasts >{{c1::4wks}}
Published	08/28/2024	Geographic ulcers are a product of {{c1::either untreated herpes keratitis}} or {{c2::treatment of herpes keratitis with topical steroids }}
Published	08/28/2024	Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is caused by {{c1::a subtype of adenovirus}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c3::Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)}} presents on slit lamp exam with {{c1::subepithelial infiltrates}} that take up {{c2::18 months}} to heal
Published	08/28/2024	When we think about hypopion we think about endophthalmitis. But, hypopion can also be caused by {{c1::a sterile reactive inflammation from corneal ul…
Published	08/28/2024	The term hordeolum is an all encompassing term that means {{c1::an inflammation of an eyelid}}
Published	08/28/2024	Basic treatment options for infections:1. Conjunctivitis or small corneal abrasion: {{c1::erythromycin ointment}}2. Dirty corneal abrasian or contact …
Published	08/28/2024	Causes of endophthalmos:1. {{c1::Trauma with orbital floor fracture}}2. {{c2::Breast cancer met, leading to intraorbital fibrosis and contracture…
Published	08/28/2024	Homemade saline solution is associated with {{c1::protozoa infection = acanthamoeba}}
Published	08/28/2024	Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) is seen in {{c1::patients who wear contacts}}
Published	08/28/2024	A {{c1::pinguecula}} is {{c2::a thickened area of the conjunctival skin anterior to sclera}} that form from {{c3::chronic wind and sun exposure}}
Published	08/28/2024	A pinguecula that grows into the cornea is called a {{c1::pterygium}}
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Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::CMV retinitis: the key is you'll see the necrosis occuring along the vasculature}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c2::Ocular syphilis}} presents with {{c1::uveitis + meningitis almost always}}
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of trachoma is {{c1::oral azithromycin +/- eylid surgery if trichiasis}}
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Published	08/28/2024	How do you distinguish HSV from VZV ophthalmicus?{{c1::VZV has the vesicular rash in a trigeminal distribution }}
Published	08/28/2024	Most common organisms implicated in dacryocystitis are {{c1::staph and strep}}
Published	08/28/2024	What effector response is thought to contribute to the development of corneal subepithelial infiltrates in late adenovirus infection?{{c1::Delayed hyp…
Published	08/28/2024	What is the ocular fining in patients with histoplasmosis?{{c1::Retinal scarring that is punched out}}
Published	08/28/2024	What is your diagnosis?{{c1::Salt and pepper: most common finding of Rubella}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Headlight in fod from dense vitritis: Toxo}}
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