Notes in Week 15 - Neurology Part 2

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Published	04/15/2025	what is the most common cause of a TBI?
Published	04/15/2025	what is a concussion?
Published	04/15/2025	who is more likely to be affected by TBI?
Published	04/15/2025	what are primary injuries of TBI?
Published	04/15/2025	an concussion alteration of consciousness occurs within {{c1::<6 hours}} while diffuse axonal injury LOC occurs {{c1::>6 hours}}
Published	04/15/2025	what are secondary injuries of TBI?
Published	04/15/2025	what are initial s/s of TBI?
Published	04/15/2025	what are late (post-concussion syndrome) s/s?
Published	04/15/2025	what increases the risk of bleeding in TBI?
Published	04/15/2025	what components of the PE would you do to evaluate a TBI?
Published	04/15/2025	what are s/s of a basilar skull fx?
Published	04/15/2025	what can be used to assess a patient's level of consciousness and help categorize TBI as low/mild/high?
Published	04/15/2025	If a patient has a low GCS scale, what are the next steps?
Published	04/15/2025	if a patient has a moderate GCS score of 15, what are the next steps?
Published	04/15/2025	if a patient has a severe GCS score (9-14) and an abnormal CT, what are the next steps?
Published	04/15/2025	what is the gold standard imaging for evaluation of TBI?
Published	04/15/2025	initial management for TBI
Published	04/15/2025	treatment for low risk TBI
Published	04/15/2025	treatment for moderate/severe risk
Published	04/15/2025	what is the criteria for hospital admission?
Published	04/15/2025	Mild TBI sxs resolve in most patients by {{c1::1 month}} and prolonged post-conssive sxs are {{c1::rare}} in mild TBI
Published	04/15/2025	Moderate and severe TBI may result in {{c1::permanent}} cognitive and motor impairment
Published	04/15/2025	GCS {{c1::< 8}} at presentation have a 30% {{c1::mortality}}
Published	04/15/2025	{{c1::Epilepsy}} can develop after TBI
Published	04/15/2025	{{c1::Spinal trauma}} should be considered in every {{c2::unconscious}} victim
Published	04/15/2025	Most common cause of spinal trauma is {{c1::MVA}}
Published	04/15/2025	pathogenesis to spinal cord injuries
Published	04/15/2025	in spinal cord injuries, gray matter is primarily affected and {{c2::irreversibly}} damaged within {{c1::1 hour}} of injury while white matter {{c2::s…
Published	04/15/2025	s/s of total transection (complete spinal cord injury)
Published	04/15/2025	s/s of incomplete spinal cord injury
Published	04/15/2025	what are two type of incomplete spinal cord injuries?
Published	04/15/2025	s/s of central cord syndrome
Published	04/15/2025	what are s/s of Brown-Sequard syndrome?
Published	04/15/2025	what should you always ask about when a patient comes in with spinal cord injuries?
Published	04/15/2025	when is imaging not required for spinal cord injuries?
Published	04/15/2025	what is the preferred diagnostic tool for further evaluation of spinal cord injuries?
Published	04/15/2025	what is used to help assess the need of CT over an XR?
Published	04/15/2025	what is the first thing you do to treat/manage a patient who comes in with a spinal cord injury?
Published	04/15/2025	treatment for spinal cord injuries once patient has been stabilized
Published	04/15/2025	what type of spinal cord injury has good prognosis of recovery?
Published	04/15/2025	what is meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	what are the different types of meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	what are the causes to community acquired bacterial meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	what is the common cause of health care acquired bactieral meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	what is the most common pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	what are the common causes aseptic meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	s/s of meningitis
Published	04/15/2025	what is the presentation of meningitis bacterial vs viral vs chronic?
Published	04/15/2025	what physical exam tests would be positive in a patient with meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	what is the gold standard diagnostic tool for meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	what are additional diagnostic tools to further work up meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	treatment for bactieral meningitis
Published	04/15/2025	treatment for viral meningitis
Published	04/15/2025	what are complications to meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	what can prevent meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	when would head CT be done prior to lumbar puncture?
Published	04/15/2025	what is encephalopathy?
Published	04/15/2025	what is Wernicke encephalopathy (WE)?
Published	04/15/2025	cause of WE
Published	04/15/2025	s/s of WE
Published	04/15/2025	what is used to help confirm diagnosis of WE?
Published	04/15/2025	treatment for WE
Published	04/15/2025	what is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
Published	04/15/2025	pathogenesis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Published	04/15/2025	what are the triad symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
Published	04/15/2025	what diagnostic tools are used to diagnose Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
Published	04/15/2025	what is treatment for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
Published	04/15/2025	what is encephalitis?
Published	04/15/2025	what is the cause of encephalitis and pathogenesis?
Published	04/15/2025	how would you differentiate encephalitis vs viral meningitis?
Published	04/15/2025	gold standard diagnostic tool for encephalitis? what else helps to confirm dx?
Published	04/15/2025	treatment for encephalitis
Published	04/15/2025	prognosis of encephalitis
Published	04/15/2025	etiology of brain abscess
Published	04/15/2025	pathogenesis of brain abcess
Published	04/15/2025	s/s of brain abcess
Published	04/15/2025	treatment of brain abscess
Published	04/15/2025	what are the common abx regimen for brain abscess
Published	04/15/2025	prognosis of brain abscess
Published	04/15/2025	What are the main types of Syncope
Published	04/15/2025	What are the 3 subtypes of neurally mediated syncope?
Published	04/15/2025	Cardiac syncope causes
Published	04/15/2025	Orthostatic hypotension
Published	04/15/2025	Neurological or Psychoenic syncope are rare and include conditions like:{{c1:: seizures,}} {{c1::subclavian steal syndrome}}, or {{c1::psychogeni…
Published	04/15/2025	What is the most common type of syncope?
Published	04/15/2025	Syncope Pathophysiology
Published	04/15/2025	Presyncope S/S
Published	04/15/2025	{{c1::Vasovagal syncope}} often presents with {{c1::prodrome S/S}} such as: dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, diaphoresis, blurred vision
Published	04/15/2025	S/S during syncope
Published	04/15/2025	S/S Post-syncope
Published	04/15/2025	What should you assess on PE for syncope? (4)
Published	04/15/2025	Diagnostic for Syncope (4)
Published	04/15/2025	Name the specialized tests for syncope work-up (4)
Published	04/15/2025	What is the tilt-table test used for?
Published	04/15/2025	A holter monitor/event recorder can help identify {{c1::intermittent arrhythmias}} as an underlying cause for {{c1::syncope}}
Published	04/15/2025	An electrophysiological study is indicated for high-risk arrhythmias when {{c1::cardiac syncope}} is suspected
Published	04/15/2025	Neuro/Psychogenic Syncope Tx
Published	04/15/2025	Orthostatic hypotension tx
Published	04/15/2025	Cardiac Syncope tx
Published	04/15/2025	Reflex Syncope Tx
Published	04/15/2025	What should you educate your pts on in regards to syncope?
Published	04/15/2025	Acute syncope episode tx
Published	04/16/2025	pts in a coma lack {{c1::awareness}} of themselves or their surroundings and do not exhibit {{c1::purposeful responses to stimuli}}
Published	04/16/2025	Define coma
Published	04/16/2025	What are the different types of coma?
Published	04/16/2025	Structural Coma
Published	04/16/2025	Metabolic/Toxic Coma
Published	04/16/2025	Diffuse Brain Dysfunction Coma
Published	04/16/2025	Psychogenic Coma
Published	04/16/2025	Induced Coma
Published	04/16/2025	Pathophysiology of Comas
Published	04/16/2025	How does damage/dysfunction to the RAS induce a coma?
Published	04/16/2025	Extensive damage or metabolic suppression, such as diffuse hypoxia or global cerebral ischemia, of {{c1::both hemispheres can lead to coma}}
Published	04/16/2025	RAS and Hemispheric dysfunction can induce a coma thru {{c1::severe trauma,}} large {{c1::strokes}}, or widespread {{c1::toxic/metabolic derangem…
Published	04/16/2025	Coma S/S (things to look out for)
Published	04/16/2025	You should look out for posturing S/S when it comes to diagnosing coma. What are the two different types?
Published	04/16/2025	What does a fixed, dilated, and normal reactive pupils suggest in a pt presenting with a coma?
Published	04/16/2025	What types of respiratory pattern suggest a brainstem or metabolic dysfunction in a pt presenting with a coma?
Published	04/16/2025	Your PE for a pt presenting with coma should be centered around assessing {{c1::arousal,}} {{c1::brainstem function}}, and {{c1::motor responses}}
Published	04/16/2025	What grade on the Glasgow Coma Scale is indicative of a coma?
Published	04/16/2025	What do the following GCS scores indicate?1-41-51-6
Published	04/16/2025	What brainstem reflexes should you perform in a pt with a coma? Also, describe what you should be observing (4)
Published	04/16/2025	T/F -- Comatose pts have spontaneous movement or response to painful stimuli
Published	04/16/2025	What respiratory patterns should you watch out for in a pt with a coma?
Published	04/16/2025	What is the 1st thing you should do when you see a pt presenting with a coma?
Published	04/16/2025	What "basic" labs should you order in a pt with a coma?
Published	04/16/2025	Describe the indications for CT and MRI in a pt with a coma
Published	04/16/2025	What are the indications for a lumbar puncture and EEG in a pt with a coma?
Published	04/16/2025	Describe how you would immediate stabilize a pt with a coma
Published	04/16/2025	Tx for a pt in a coma with toxic cause etiology
Published	04/16/2025	If a pt experiences a seizure while in a coma, what should you administer?
Published	04/16/2025	How should you manage intracranial pressure in a pt with a coma?
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