Notes in Chapter_35:_Small_Bowel

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Published	07/07/2024	Most duodenal ulcers (90%) occur in the {{c1::first}} portion of the duodenum
Published	07/07/2024	The {{c1::second}} portion of the duodenum contains the ampulla of Vater
Published	07/07/2024	The superior vascular supply of the duodenum is the gastroduodenal artery and the inferior supply is from the {{c1::pancreaticoduodenal}} ar…
Published	07/07/2024	What is longer, the jejunum or the ileum?{{c1::Ileum}}
Published	07/07/2024	What has longer vasa recta, the jejunum or the ileum?{{c1::Jejunum}}
Published	07/07/2024	The {{c1::3/6/9}} rule can be used to remember the approximate bowel sizes
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Paneth}} cells in the small intestine contain secretory granules and enzymes
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Enterochromaffin}} cells in the small intestine contain APUD, 5-HT, and carcinoid precursors
Published	07/07/2024	Gut motility is regulated by {{c1::migrating motor}} complexes, which has 4 phases
Published	07/07/2024	Under normal conditions, {{c1::95}}% of bile salts are reabsorbed
Published	07/07/2024	Is bile salt absorption mainly passive or active absorption?{{c1::They're equal :)}}
Published	07/07/2024	Malabsorption of bile salts (terminal ileum resection) leads to increased risk of {{c1::cholesterol}} gallstones
Published	07/07/2024	A condition caused by lack of functional small bowel is {{c1::short gut syndrome}}
Published	07/07/2024	Diagnosing short gut syndrome includes the {{c2::sudan red}} stain and the {{c1::Schilling}} test
Published	07/07/2024	The minimum length of small bowel for survival off TPN is {{c1::75}} cm, or {{c2::50}} cm with a competent {{c2::ileocecal valve}}
Published	07/07/2024	Gastric acid {{c1::hyper}}-secretion can cause steatorrhea
Published	07/07/2024	The mnemonic FRIENDS can be used to remember causes of nonhealing fistulasF{{c1::oreign body}}R{{c2::adiation}}I{{c3::nflammation}}E{{c4::pithelializa…
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::High}}-output fistulas are {{c2::more::more or less}} likely with {{c3::proximal::proximal or distal}} bowel and {{c2::less::more or l…
Published	07/07/2024	With conservative treatment, colonic fistulas are {{c1::more::more or less}} likely to close than small bowel fistulas
Published	07/07/2024	Patients with nonhealing fistulas and persistent fever should be evaluated for {{c1::abscess}}
Published	07/07/2024	While the majority of bowel fistulas close with conservative management, the preferred surgical option is {{c1::resection with primary anast…
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cause of large bowel obstruction is {{c1::cancer}}
Published	07/07/2024	Free card {{c1:::)}}
Published	07/07/2024	Why do patients with small bowel obstruction need aggressive fluid resuscitation?{{c1::3rd spacing of fluid into bowel lumen}}
Published	07/07/2024	Bowel rest, NG tube, and IV fluids (conservative measures) cure {{c1::80}}% of partial SBO and {{c1::40}}% of complete SBO
Published	07/07/2024	Surgical indications for SBO include signs of {{c2::strangulation}} or {{c2::perforation}} as well as {{c1::failure to resolve}}
Published	07/07/2024	Cholecystectomy in a patient with gallstone ileus can be deferred if the patient is {{c1::too sick}}
Published	07/07/2024	Meckel's diverticulum accounts for {{c1::50}}% of painless lower GI bleeds in children <2 years old
Published	07/07/2024	In a Meckel's diverticulum, pancreatic tissue causes {{c1::inflammation}}, while gastric tissue causes {{c1::bleeding}}
Published	07/07/2024	Are incidentally discovered Meckel's diverticula typically removed?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	The two methods of surgically removing a Meckel's diverticulum are {{c1::diverticulectomy}} and {{c1::segmental resection}}
Published	07/07/2024	If a duodenal diverticulum is near the ampulla of Vater, a {{c1::choledochojejunostomy}} is used for biliary symptoms and {{c1::ERCP with stentin…
Published	07/07/2024	Do you resect the large anal skin tags in Crohn's disease?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::90}}% of patients of Crohn's disease will eventually need some sort of surgery
Published	07/07/2024	When resecting Crohn's disease, cut {{c1::2}} cm away from gross disease
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Ciprofloxacin}} and {{c1::metronidazole}} are used for acute flares of Crohn's disease when concerned about infection or toxic megacolon(antibio…
Published	07/07/2024	What is the treatment of severe colonic involvement in Crohn's disease?{{c1::Proctocolectomy and ileostomy}}
Published	07/07/2024	What is the next best step in surgery if a patient with presumed appendicitis actually has inflammatory bowel disease?{{c1::Go ahead and remove a…
Published	07/07/2024	The recurrence rate requiring surgery for Crohn's disease after resection is {{c1::50}}%
Published	07/07/2024	A patient with multiple bowel strictures in Crohn's disease can undergo {{c1::stricturoplasty}} to save small bowel length
Published	07/07/2024	Crohn's pancolitis has {{c1::equal}} colon cancer risk as ulcerative colitis
Published	07/07/2024	Serotonin in the intestine is produced by {{c1::Kulchitsky}} cells, also known as {{c3::enterochromaffin}} cells or {{c2::argentaffin}} cells
Published	07/07/2024	In carcinoid syndrome, flushing is mediated by {{c1::kallikrein}}, while diarrhea is mediated by {{c1::serotonin}}, and asthma-type symptoms are …
Published	07/07/2024	A method that can be used to localize a carcinoid tumor that is NOT seen on CT scan is {{c1::octreotide scan}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most sensitive test for detecting a carcinoid tumor is {{c1::chromogranin A level}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::50}}% of all carcinoid tumors arise in the {{c2::appendix}}
Published	07/07/2024	Unresectable carcinoid disease can be treated with the chemotherapeutics {{c2::streptozocin}} and {{c1::5-fluorouracil}}
Published	07/07/2024	In carcinoid syndrome, bronchospasm can be treated with {{c1::albuterol inhalers}} and flushing can be treated with {{c1::alpha-blockers}}
Published	07/07/2024	The teatment of intussusception in adults is {{c1::resection}}
Published	07/07/2024	Patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome have a(n) {{c1::small}} risk of GI malignancies
Published	07/07/2024	The treatment for duodenal benign adenomas is {{c1::endoscopic resection}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common malignant small bowel tumor is {{c1::neuroendocrine tumor}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common malignant small bowel tumors are adenocarcinoma, {{c2::leiomyosarcoma}}, and {{c1::lymphoma}}
Published	07/07/2024	If small bowel leiomyosarcoma is suspected, {{c1::gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)}} must first be ruled out
Published	07/07/2024	Do parastomal hernias typically need surgical repair?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	The organism responsible for most intestinal stomal infections is {{c1::Candida}}
Published	07/07/2024	A nonspecific inflammatory disorder that occurs in diverted segments of bowel is {{c1::diversion colitis}}
Published	07/07/2024	Patients with an ileostomy are at increased risk of {{c1::gallstones}} (loss of bile salts) and {{c1::uric acid kidney stones}} (loss of HCO3-)
Published	07/07/2024	CT scan findings concerning for appendicitis include appendix diameter > {{c1::7}} mm or wall thickness > {{c1::2}} mm
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cause of acute abdominal pain in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is {{c1::appendicitis}}
Published	07/07/2024	The management of appendicitis in a patient who cannot undergo surgery is {{c1::percutaneous drainage}} and {{c1::interval appendectomy}}
Published	07/07/2024	What is the treatment for benign appendix mucocele?{{c1::Open appendectomy}}
Published	07/07/2024	What is the mangement of a patient undergoing appendectomy for presumed appendicitis but is discovered to have an ovarian cyst?{{c1::Remove appen…
Published	07/07/2024	Treatment for typhoid enteritis (Salmonella) is {{c1::TMP-SMX (Bactrim)}}
Published	07/07/2024	The {{c2::inferior mesenteric}} vein drains into the {{c3::splenic}} vein, which drains into the {{c1::SMV}}
Published	07/07/2024	Thiamine is primarily absorbed in the {{c1::jeju}}num
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Hand-sewn}} anastomosis have {{c3::high}}er {{c2::leak}} rates, but {{c3::low}}er {{c2::stricture}} rates
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Stapled}} anastomoses have {{c3::low}}er {{c2::leak}} rates, but {{c3::high}}er {{c2::stricture}} rates
Published	07/07/2024	The main types of GI patches include Graham patch (using omentum), {{c2::Thal}} patch (using {{c3::falciform ligament}}), and {{c1::serosal}} pat…
Published	07/07/2024	PEG tube depth at skin surface should be {{c1::2}}-{{c1::5}} cm
Published	07/07/2024	Each segment of the gastrointestinal tract recovers activity at a different rate after surgical manipulation: …
Published	07/07/2024	An appendix carcinoid tumor that is {{c2::less}} than 2 cm is treated with {{c1::appendectomy}}
Published	07/07/2024	An appendix carcinoid tumor that is {{c1::greater}} than 2 cm is treated with {{c2::right hemicolectomy}}
Published	07/07/2024	Stomal {{c3::candidiasis}} is treated with {{c4::2%::concentration}} {{c1::miconazole::drug}} {{c2::powder::form}}
Published	07/07/2024	The three categories of intestinal obstruction are intra{{c1::luminal}}, intra{{c1::mural}}, and extra{{c1::mural}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common congenital internal hernia is {{c1::left paraduodenal}} followed by {{c1::right paraduodenal}}
Published	07/07/2024	In small bowel obstructions, NG tubes can be pulled once suction output is < {{c2::200}}-{{c2::500}} mL or once patient has return of {{c1::flatus/…
Published	07/07/2024	Short-gut syndrome is treated with {{c2::fat}} restriction, {{c1::PPI}}, and Lomotil
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cause of small bowel obstruction in a patient without previous surgery is {{c1::hernia}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cause of small bowel obstruction in a patient with previous surgery is {{c1::adhesions}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common sites for initial presentation of Crohn's disease is the {{c1::terminal ileum}} and {{c1::cecum}}
Published	07/07/2024	Remission and fistula closure may be induced with {{c1::TPN}} in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease
Published	07/07/2024	Removal of the terminal ileum can lead to kidney stones due to increased {{c1::oxalate}} absorption in the colon
Published	07/07/2024	The most common extraintestinal malignancy in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is {{c1::breast cancer}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cause of a fistula near a stoma site is {{c1::Crohn's disease}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cause of stenosis of a stoma site is {{c1::ischemia}}
Published	07/07/2024	The midpoint of the anti-mesenteric border is the most likely area to {{c1::perforate}} in appendicitis
Published	07/07/2024	Spread of appendix mucocele tumor implants throughout the peritoneum can lead to {{c1::pseudomyxoma peritonei}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cause of death for appendix mucocele is {{c1::small bowel obstruction}}
Published	07/07/2024	The most common cause of ileus is {{c1::surgery}}
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