Notes in 04BEM 2S

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Acquisition/modification of knowledge due to experience
Published	07/30/2024	Can learning be unlearned?
Published	07/30/2024	Basic Forms of learning {{c1::Association}} - habitual behaviors due to sequencing {{c1::Cognitive Learning}} - acquisition of mental infor…
Published	07/30/2024	elicits a natural and automatic response (Food)
Published	07/30/2024	naturally triggered by an unconditioned stimulus (Salivation)
Published	07/30/2024	does not elicit a conditioned response (sound)
Published	07/30/2024	During Conditioning {{c1::US}} + {{c1::NS}} = {{c1::UR}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neutral Stimulus which elicits a conditioned response through association
Published	07/30/2024	triggered by a conditioned stimulus
Published	07/30/2024	linking the NS to the US so that the NS starts triggering the CS
Published	07/30/2024	a CS is paired with a new NS creating a 2nd weaker CS
Published	07/30/2024	diminishing of a CR when an US does not follow a CS
Published	07/30/2024	reappearance of a weakened or extinct CR after a pause
Published	07/30/2024	similar CS elicit a CR
Published	07/30/2024	adaptive distinguishing a CS against irrelevant stimuli
Published	07/30/2024	behavior that operates on the environment and makes consequences
Published	07/30/2024	experimental box with food dispenser and target activity
Published	07/30/2024	reinforcing successive close behaviors to reach the target behavior
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Reinforcement}} - increases frequency of a behavior {{c1::+ reinforcement}} - adding something good {{c1::- reinforcement}} -…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Intrinsic}} - desire to perform for oneself {{c1::Extrinsic}} - desire to perform for rewards or to avoid punishment
Published	07/30/2024	reinforcement for every desired response
Published	07/30/2024	reinforcement only part of the time with slower acquisition but less prone to extinction
Published	07/30/2024	reinforcement after a number of desired responses
Published	07/30/2024	reinforcement after an unpredictable number of desired responses
Published	07/30/2024	reinforcement of a desired response after a duration of time
Published	07/30/2024	reinforcement of a desired response after unpredictable durations of time
Published	07/30/2024	Behaviorism (John B. Watson) {{c1::Psychology should be an objective science}} {{c2::Psychology should study behaviors without reference to…
Published	07/30/2024	Socially constructed inborn ability to learn/understand/adapt with new/difficult situation and apply knowledge to new situations
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Charles Spearman}} (General Intelligence) We have {{c1::1}} general intelligence {{c1::G factor}} - common skill set that underlies a…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LL Thurstone}} (Specific Intelligence) We have 7 clusters of primary mental abilities {{c1::Word fluency}} {{c1::Verbal comprehension}} {…
Published	07/30/2024	2 Factor Theory G - {{c1::General performance}} S - {{c2::Specific task performance}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Howard Gardner}} (Multiple Intelligences) We have 8 - > 9 modalities rather than 1 general intelligence {{c1::Linguistic}} {{c1::Logic…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Robert Sternberg}} (3 areas to success) Intelligence is classified into 3 areas that predict real-world success {{c2::Practical}} Intelli…
Published	07/30/2024	capacity to perceive and understand the emotions of others and manage and use the emotions of oneself and adjust Self-awareness Delayed gratification
Published	07/30/2024	Know-how in managing social situations Develops from experiences with others and successes and failures in social settings Common sense Str…
Published	07/30/2024	According to Theodore Simon & Alfred Binet, do all children follow the same intellectual development but at different paces?
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Binet-Simon Scale -> Standford Binet Scale}} - Used to diagnose intellectual deficiencies in children {{c1::Knowledge}} {{c1::Qua…
Published	07/30/2024	a level of performance associated to a chronological age
Published	07/30/2024	IQ
Published	07/30/2024	Which matters more, nature or nurture
Published	07/30/2024	According to Jean Piaget, is cognitive development the same for every child?
Published	07/30/2024	Sensorimotor (0-2 y/o)
Published	07/30/2024	Preoperational (2-7 y/o)
Published	07/30/2024	Concrete Operational (7-11 y/o)
Published	07/30/2024	Formal Operational (>11 y/o)
Published	07/30/2024	Who introduced Classical Conditioning?
Published	07/30/2024	Which involves reinforcement of the desired stimulus only after a number of responses?
Published	07/30/2024	Which involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase the frequency of a response?
Published	07/30/2024	What theory differentiates human intelligenceinto specific ‘modalities’, rather than seeingintelligence as dominated bya single general ability?
Published	07/30/2024	Egocentrism is a primary characteristic of which stage of cognitive development?
Published	07/30/2024	This is the ability of a child to understand that two volumes of liquid are equal even though they are placed in differently-shaped glasses.
Published	07/30/2024	Extinction, in the context of classical conditioning, is the diminishing of which kind of response?
Published	07/30/2024	A cognitive function which refers to the persistence of learning over time through: {{c1::Encoding}} - getting info into the memory system by ex…
Published	07/30/2024	Remembered info can be
Published	07/30/2024	Is memory a kind of learning?
Published	07/30/2024	pioneered memory research
Published	07/30/2024	Viewing memory as products of interconnected neural networks
Published	07/30/2024	the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system that acts as memory buffer to give time to process incoming sensation …
Published	07/30/2024	activated memory that holds a few (7) items briefly before it is stored or forgotten
Published	07/30/2024	Associates new and old info to deal with current information
Published	07/30/2024	Working memory - Associates new and old info to deal with current information Components {{c1::Phonological loop}} (Language) {{c2::Vis…
Published	07/30/2024	relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences is stored
Published	07/30/2024	Takes into account automatic processing and working memory
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Automatic processing}} - unconscious encoding of incidental information (implicit memories) {{c1::Space}}, {{c1::time}}, {{c1::frequency}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Effortful processing}} - encoding that requires attention and conscious effort (explicit memories) {{c1::Spacing effect}} - learning is …
Published	07/30/2024	Levels of processing Visual {{c1::Imagery}} - heart of every memory Verbal {{c2::Shallow processing}} - encoding on a basic level, …
Published	07/30/2024	how long must info stay in short-term memory before it is neurally stored into long-term memory (hippocampus)
Published	07/30/2024	Sensory memory {{c1::Iconic memory (photographic)}} - momentary photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths o…
Published	07/30/2024	prolonged strengthening of potential neural firing due to synaptic changes
Published	07/30/2024	Important NT in Long-term potentiation
Published	07/30/2024	inducing seizures through administration of electrical current - does not affect long term memory but it affects short term memory (anterograde amnesi…
Published	07/30/2024	Involves the memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
Published	07/30/2024	Retention independent of conscious recollection
Published	07/30/2024	Where are explicit memories processed
Published	07/30/2024	Where are implicit memories processed
Published	07/30/2024	Explicit (Declarative) - Involves the memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare {{c1::Semantic}} - facts/…
Published	07/30/2024	Retrieval Measures of Retention {{c1::Recall}} - retrieving info not in conscious awareness {{c1::Recognition}} - identify items previou…
Published	07/30/2024	Lapses in memory Causes {{c1::Encoding failure}} Much of what we sense, we don’t notice and what we fail to encode, we will never remember {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Memory sins Forgetting {{c1::Absent-mindedness}} {{c1::Transience}} {{c1::Blocking}} Distortion {{c2::Misattribution}} {{c2::Source amnesia}} -&…
Published	07/30/2024	repression that occurs between 5-6 years old
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Anterograde}} amnesia - cannot make new memories {{c2::Retrograde}} amnesia - cannot retrieve old memories
Published	07/30/2024	Spoken, written, signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate
Published	07/30/2024	Does language development start early?
Published	07/30/2024	Is the methos for language skill development universal?
Published	07/30/2024	Do children reproduce words they are repetitively exposed to?
Published	07/30/2024	Syntactic developments {{c1::Empiricist}} approach (Nurture) {{c2::Nativist}} approach (Nature)
Published	07/30/2024	smallest distinctive sound unit
Published	07/30/2024	smallest unit that carries meaning
Published	07/30/2024	system of rules that enables us to communicate and understand
Published	07/30/2024	rules for deriving meaning from sounds
Published	07/30/2024	rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::BF Skinner}} (Empiricist) {{c1::Tabula Rasa}} Learning is through... {{c1::Association}} of sights with the sounds of words {{c1::Imit…
Published	07/30/2024	Language development milestones {{c1::4 months}} Babbles speech sounds {{c1::10 months}} Babbles household language {{c1::1 year}} 1 word stage …
Published	07/30/2024	Language development {{c1::Receptive language}} - comprehending speech {{c2::Productive/Expressive language}} - speech making
Published	07/30/2024	left hemispheric damage resulting in impairment of language
Published	07/30/2024	Broca's and Wernicke's areas are affected
Published	07/30/2024	Brain Activity Speaking {{c1::Motor}} cortex {{c1::Broca's}} area - area in left frontal love that controls language expression though speec…
Published	07/30/2024	Language shapes the way we think and determines what we can think about
Published	07/30/2024	Do we think in images?
Published	07/30/2024	Can thinking and language change each other?
Published	07/30/2024	Response of an organism involving... Physiological arousal Expressive behavior Conscious experience
Published	07/30/2024	Arousal come before emotions
Published	07/30/2024	Arousal and emotion occur simultaneously
Published	07/30/2024	Arousal + Label = Emotion
Published	07/30/2024	Cognitive appraisal defines emotion
Published	07/30/2024	Some responses happen without cognitive appraisal
Published	07/30/2024	Can different emotions share common bio signatures?
Published	07/30/2024	Can 1 brain region serve as the seat of different emotions?
Published	07/30/2024	seat of negative social emotions
Published	07/30/2024	Are emotions universal?
Published	07/30/2024	communicate emotions but also amplify and regulate it
Published	07/30/2024	facial muscle states trigger corresponding feelings
Published	07/30/2024	tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions
Published	07/30/2024	response to someone's misdeeds
Published	07/30/2024	releasing aggressive energy relieved aggressive urges
Published	07/30/2024	tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
Published	07/30/2024	tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
Published	07/30/2024	perception that one is worse/better relative to those with whom one compares oneself
Published	07/30/2024	satisfaction with the past, happiness with the present, and optimism about the future
Published	07/30/2024	Personality (Persona - mask) Enduring and different Influenced by {{c1::Actions}} {{c1::Thoughts}} {{c1::Feelings}}
Published	07/30/2024	prejudiced, conformist, rigid, prudish
Published	07/30/2024	stand out, narcissistic, egoistic
Published	07/30/2024	go with the crowd, altruistic
Published	07/30/2024	happier, healthier, responsible
Published	07/30/2024	dependent on the actions of others
Published	07/30/2024	need to make significant accomplishments by mastering skills, some are just arrogant
Published	07/30/2024	more attention to arguments and need for engagement
Published	07/30/2024	motivated by gaining, flexible, adaptable
Published	07/30/2024	more concerned about negatives, conservative
Published	07/30/2024	introspective, can be insecure
Published	07/30/2024	engagement risky behaviors
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Temperament (Nature)}} + {{c2::Life Experiences (Nurture)}} = Personality
Published	07/30/2024	Factors of personality
Published	07/30/2024	9 Behavioral Dimensions (Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas's Longitudinal study) {{c1::Activity level}} - % of time spent in activities {…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::4/10}} of babies have easy temperament (pleasant babies) Highly adaptable, normal sleep and feeding patterns {{c2::1/6}} babies ar…
Published	07/30/2024	psychosocial factors > biological factors Behavior + Nature + Environment = Personality Factors Environments Events Reactions
Published	07/30/2024	- You are who you are because of your choices Predicts and describes behavior but does not answer why it is there Overlooks morality, humor, …
Published	07/30/2024	Trait dimensions {{c1::Openness}} - new experiences, ideas, and people {{c2::Conscientiousness}} Disciplined Dutiful Competent Achievement {…
Published	07/30/2024	Standardized Tests - distributes scores and has specified interpretations Types {{c1::Objective Tests}} - asks people to consciously recall th…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Avram Noam Chomsky}} (Nativist) {{c1::Inborn Universal Grammar}} - Humans are predisposed to learn grammar rules of language
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::State}} - Temporary and in result of a situation {{c1::Trait}} - Enduring and pervasive
Published	07/30/2024	Expressed and experienced motion is influenced by {{c1::Biological}} influences {{c1::Physiological}} influences {{c1::Socio-cultural}} influences
Status	Last Update	Fields