Notes in Case 1: Prostate Cancer

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Published	03/21/2024	The {{c2::ductus deferens}} and {{c2::seminal vessicles}} join to form the {{c1::ejaculatory}} ducts which empty through the prostate into the urethra
Published	03/21/2024	Zones of the prostate and the glands they contain, from superficial to deep:{{c1::Peripheral}} zone has {{c2::main}} glands{{c1::Middle}} zone has {{c…
Published	03/21/2024	{{c1::BPH::prostate problem}} involves urethral obstruction but {{c1::prostate cancer::prostate problem}} does not
Published	03/21/2024	{{c1::PSA}} levels in the blood can be used to screen for prostate cancer
Published	03/21/2024	This image is taken from the {{c1::prostate gland::organ}}
Published	03/21/2024	Patients who get chronically exposed to Cadmium are at risk for what cancer?{{c1::Prostate Cancer}}
Published	03/21/2024	The {{c1::prostate}} gland adds a slightly alkaline secretion to sperm ejaculate, which is rich in citrate, calcium, and enzymes
Published	03/21/2024	{{c2::5α-reductase}} inhibitors, such as {{c3::finasteride}}, may be used to treat {{c1::benign prostatic hyperplasia}} because they block activation …
Published	03/21/2024	The male {{c1::prostate gland}} is homologous to the female {{c2::urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)}}, which both arise from the {{c3::uroge…
Published	03/21/2024	The {{c1::posterior}} aspect of prostate is palpable by digital rectal exam (DRE)
Published	03/21/2024	A patient with acute prostatitis may have a tender, '{{c1::boggy::texture}}' prostate on digital rectal exam (DRE)
Published	03/21/2024	Prostatic secretions of a patient with {{c2::acute::acute/chronic}} prostatitis often contain WBCs with culture showing {{c1::bacteria}}
Published	03/21/2024	Prostatic secretions of a patient with {{c2::chronic::acute/chronic}} prostatitis often contain WBCs with culture showing {{c1::no bacteria}}
Published	03/21/2024	{{c1::Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)}} is the age-related hyperplasia of prostatic stroma and glands
Published	03/21/2024	Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) most commonly occurs in the {{c1::transition zone}} of the prostate
Published	03/21/2024	Benign prostatic hyperplasia may present with problems starting and stopping {{c1::urination}}
Published	03/21/2024	Benign prostatic hyperplasia may present with impaired {{c1::bladder}} emptying
Published	03/21/2024	Benign prostatic hyperplasia may present with {{c1::nocturia}} (increased urination throughout the night)
Published	03/21/2024	Benign prostatic hyperplasia may present with hypertrophy of bladder wall smooth muscle with increased risk for {{c1::pseudodiverticulum}} formation
Published	03/21/2024	Benign prostatic hyperplasia may present with microscopic {{c1::hematuria}}
Published	03/21/2024	{{c1::Prostate adenocarcinoma}} is the malignant proliferation of prostatic glands
Published	03/21/2024	A diet high in {{c1::saturated fat}} may increase risk for prostate adenocarcinoma
Published	03/21/2024	Prostatic adenocarcinoma most commonly occurs in the {{c1::peripheral zone}} of the prostate
Published	03/21/2024	PSA > {{c1::10}} ng/dl is worrisome at any age and may be indicative of prostatic adenocarcinoma
Published	03/21/2024	A decreased % of which form of PSA is suggestive of prostatic adenocarcinoma? {{c1::Free-PSA (cancer makes bound-PSA)}}
Published	03/21/2024	A(n) {{c1::prostatic biopsy}} is required to confirm the presence of prostatic adenocarcinoma (cannot use PSA levels alone)
Published	03/21/2024	Prostatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by small glands that infiltrate normal tissue and nuclei that contain {{c1::dark nucleoli}}
Published	03/21/2024	Prostatic adenocarcinoma may be graded using the {{c1::Gleason}} grading system
Published	03/21/2024	A higher score using the Gleason grading system (for prostatic adenocarcinoma) is associated with a(n) {{c1::worse}} prognosis
Published	03/21/2024	Which two serum markers are often elevated in prostatic adenocarcinoma? {{c1::PSA and PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase)}}
Published	03/21/2024	Which serum marker may be elevated due to metastasis of prostatic adenocarcinoma to bone?{{c1::Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)}}
Published	03/21/2024	Prostatic adenocarcinoma often has {{c1::osteoblastic::type}} metastases, which is indicated by {{c2::lower back}} pain
Published	03/21/2024	Prostatic adenocarcinoma may be treated with {{c1::GnRH}} analogs (e.g. leuprolide) and/or {{c1::androgen}} receptor inhibitors (e.g. flutamide)
Published	03/21/2024	Finasteride is used to treat {{c1::BPH}} and {{c2::male-pattern baldness}}
Published	03/21/2024	{{c2::Tamsulosin}} is a(n) {{c1::selective α1A/D}} receptor antagonist used to treat BPH
Published	03/21/2024	Which PDE-5 inhibitor may be used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?{{c1::Tadalafil}}
Published	03/21/2024	Both {{c1::prostate specific antigen (PSA)::lab value}} and {{c1::digital rectal exam (DRE)::physical exam}} are used as screening tools to detect pro…
Published	03/21/2024	Prostate metastases have a high predilection for the spine due to the connection of the prostate to the {{c1::Batson}} venous plexus
Published	03/21/2024	PSA can be used as a surveillance marker for recurrent disease after {{c1::prostatectomy}}
Published	03/21/2024	Patients with a posterior urethral injury present with blood at urethral meatus and a(n) {{c1::"high-riding" boggy prostate}}
Published	03/21/2024	Patients taking leuprolide can experience nausea and {{c1::vomiting}}
Published	03/21/2024	Prostate cancer is diagnosed with a(n) {{c1::transrectal needle biopsy}}
Published	03/21/2024	BPH = pain{{c1::less}}prostatitis = pain{{c1::ful}}
Published	03/21/2024	Patients with urinary frequency, nocturia, and hesitancy should undergo a(n) {{c1::urinalysis::lab test}} to evaluate for hematuria (bladder cancer, s…
Published	03/21/2024	BPH predisposes to recurrent {{c1::UTIs}} due to an elevated postvoid residual volume (PVR)
Published	03/21/2024	PSA is part of the workup for BPH{{c1::F::T/F}}
Published	03/21/2024	BPH is usually associated with an unremarkable urinalysis{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	03/21/2024	Benign prostatic hyperplasia may present with {{c1::urgency}} (intense feeling to void) and {{c1::increased::increased/decreased}} frequency of mictur…
Published	03/21/2024	Prostatic carcinoma with bone metastasis classically produces {{c1::osteoblastic}} lesions
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