Notes in ✧ Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

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Published	01/14/2024	Dilated cardiomyopathy may be caused by {{c1::wet beriberi}}, which is the result of a vitamin B1 deficiency
Published	01/14/2024	Which amino acid is the precursor to serotonin and niacin? {{c1::Tryptophan}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which amino acids are ketogenic? {{c1::Leucine, Lysine::2}}
Published	01/14/2024	Pyruvate dehydrogenase is regulated via positive feedback by {{c1::ADP}}, {{c2::Ca2+}}, and increased NAD+/NADH ratio
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Acetyl-CoA}} is a(n) {{c2::obligate}} activator of pyruvate carboxylase
Published	01/14/2024	Pyruvate carboxylase is regulated via positive feedback by {{c1::acetyl-CoA}}
Published	01/14/2024	Vitamin {{c1::B1}} is also known as {{c2::thiamine}}
Published	01/14/2024	What is the coenzyme (active) form of vitamin B1? {{c1::Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)}}
Published	01/14/2024	Thiamine pyrophosphate (B1) is a cofactor for the enzyme {{c1::pyruvate dehydrogenase}} (glycolysis)
Published	01/14/2024	Thiamine pyrophosphate (B1) is a cofactor for the enzyme {{c1::transketolase}} (HMP shunt)
Published	01/14/2024	Thiamine pyrophosphate (B1) is a cofactor for the enzyme {{c1::branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase}} (amino acid metabolism)
Published	01/14/2024	Vitamin {{c3::B1 (thiamine)}} deficiency causes impaired {{c1::glucose}} breakdown with consequent {{c2::ATP}} depletion
Published	01/14/2024	ATP depletion in vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency is worsened by {{c1::glucose}} infusion
Published	01/14/2024	Which tissues are affected first in vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency? {{c1::Highly aerobic tissue (e.g. brain, heart)}}
Published	01/14/2024	One complication of vitamin {{c2::B1}} deficiency is {{c1::Wernicke-Korsakoff}} syndrome
Published	01/14/2024	Vitamin {{c2::B1}} deficiency is associated with wet and dry {{c1::beriberi}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c3::Wet}} beriberi is characterized by high-output cardiac failure ({{c1::dilated}} cardiomyopathy) and {{c2::edema}} +/- {{c3::dry}} beriberi sympt…
Published	01/14/2024	{{c3::Dry}} beriberi is characterized by {{c1::polyneuritis}} and symmetrical {{c2::muscle wasting}}
Published	01/14/2024	Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a precursor to {{c1::FAD}} and {{c1::FMN}}
Published	01/14/2024	Vitamin B3 (niacin) is a constituent of {{c2::NAD+}} and {{c2::NADP+}}
Published	01/14/2024	What vitamin is derived from the amino acid tryptophan?{{c1::Vitamin B3 (niacin)}}
Published	01/14/2024	Vitamin {{c1::B5}} is also known as {{c2::pantothenic acid}}
Published	01/14/2024	Vitamin {{c2::B5 (pantothenic acid)}} is an essential component of {{c1::coenzyme A}} and fatty acid synthase
Published	01/14/2024	NAD+ is generally used as an electron carrier in {{c1::catabolic::anabolic or catabolic}} processes
Published	01/14/2024	NADPH is generally used as an electron carrier in {{c1::anabolic::anabolic or catabolic}} processes
Published	01/14/2024	What do the carrier molecules NADH, NADPH, and FADH2 carry in their activated forms? {{c1::Electrons}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Pyruvate dehydrogenase}} deficiency causes a buildup of pyruvate that gets shunted to {{c2::lactate}} (via LDH) and {{c3::alanine}} (via ALT)
Published	01/14/2024	What is the most common mode of inheritance of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency? {{c1::X-linked}}
Published	01/14/2024	Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency presents with {{c1::neurologic}} defects and {{c2::lactic acidosis::breakdown}}
Published	01/14/2024	Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is characterized by {{c1::increased}} serum alanine starting at infancy
Published	01/14/2024	Treatment for pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency includes increased intake of {{c1::ketogenic}} nutrients
Published	01/14/2024	Pyruvate is converted to {{c2::lactate}} via the enzyme {{c1::lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)}} (Cori cycle)
Published	01/14/2024	Symptoms of acute {{c3::arsenic}} toxicity include vomiting, {{c1::rice-water}} stools, {{c2::garlic}} breath, and {{c4::QT}} prolongation
Published	01/14/2024	Which "Tender Loving Care for Nancy" cofactor is inhibited by arsenic? {{c1::Lipoic acid}}
Published	01/14/2024	Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with {{c1::thiamine (B1)}} deficiency and excessive {{c2::alcohol}} use
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Confabulations}} are characteristic of Korsakoff syndrome
Published	01/14/2024	Nicotinamides (NAD+, NADP+) come from Vitamin {{c1::B3}}
Published	01/14/2024	Flavin nucleotides (FAD+) come from Vitamin {{c1::B2}}
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