Notes in BCM BLOCK 1 YL1

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BCM deck for YL1 students

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/17/2024	Cells are composed of the following. EXCEPT?a) Small molecule (amino acids)b) Interstitial fluidc) Macromolecule (carbohydrates)d) Fatty acids
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is the true prokaryotic cell?a) Yeastb) Blue green algaec) Fungid) Plant cells
Published	09/17/2024	It is responsible for processing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and formation of ribosomal subunits?a) Ribosomesb) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)c) Smooth En…
Published	09/17/2024	The mitochondria as a site of cellular aerobic respiration is involved in which of the following. EXCEPT?a) Oxidation of carbohydrates lipids and amin…
Published	09/17/2024	This is the characteristic of mitochondria wherein mDNA can divide independently from the cell but are still dependent on the host cell’s mitochondria…
Published	09/17/2024	Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) are common mtDNA mutations/diseases which are inherited from?a) Pate…
Published	09/17/2024	Ribosome is a cellular machinery responsible for synthesizing proteins. This is one of the classification of ribosomes which is responsible for synthe…
Published	09/17/2024	When proteins fail to assume their native structure, they are retained in the ER and targeted for degradation by?a) Lysosomeb) Peroxisomec) Deuterosto…
Published	09/17/2024	Smooth ER is involved in the following process. EXCEPT?a) Lipid synthesisb) Membrane synthesis and repairc) Modifies secretory proteinsd) Detoxificati…
Published	09/17/2024	In post-transcription, mRNA is modified. In post-translation, what is modified?a) Amino acidsb) tRNAc) rRNAd) Lipids
Published	09/17/2024	It aids in unfolding the protein and in the import process during the transport of protein to the mitochondria?a) Peptidaseb) Chaperoninc) Protein Tra…
Published	09/17/2024	In glycosidic modification, it signals the peptide that tags the protein for transport to the lysosome?a) Mannose-6 receptor (M6R)b) Mannose-6-phospha…
Published	09/17/2024	In this disease, the hydrolase fails to be transported to the lysosome due to the absence of the mannose-6-phosphate marker? a) M-cell diseaseb) L-cel…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following cell eating lysosome types engulf and digest bacteria and yeast and has also a distinct characteristic of formation of pseudopo…
Published	09/17/2024	It is a disease which results from “Inborn error of metabolism” and can be caused by dysfunction of the Golgi complex?a) ERSDb) GSDc) LSDd) PSD
Published	09/17/2024	Which enzyme is used by peroxisomes to degrade the hydrogen peroxide?a) Lipaseb) Hydrolasec) Catalased) Oxidase
Published	09/17/2024	The cytoskeleton is composed of at least three different types of fibers. Which of the following does not belong to this type?a) Microtubulesb) Centri…
Published	09/17/2024	The cell membrane is a rigid structure that separates the cytosol from the extracellular matrix. The intracellular fluid of a cell contains 140 mmol/L…
Published	09/17/2024	A cell was discovered to have a cell membrane composed of high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and numerous cholesterol molecules are embedded with…
Published	09/17/2024	An integral protein is a protein that fully embeds itself within the cell membrane, having an extracellular side, intracellular side, and an intramemb…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is not caused by glycoproteins?a) ABO antigensb) Viral recognitionc) Phagocytosis of bacteria in macrophagesd) Receptor for ext…
Published	09/17/2024	The epithelial tissue of the inner lining of the intestine has an abundance of which of the following membrane structures?a) Gap Junctionsb) Desmosome…
Published	09/17/2024	Passive diffusion moves molecules from high solute concentration to low solute concentration. Osmosis moves water from high solute concentration to lo…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following will have the hardest time passing through the cell membrane?a) CO2b) Benzenec) Ethanold) Glutamate
Published	09/17/2024	Liposomes are entirely hydrophobic. Potassium ions can pass through the membrane via ionophoresa) Both statements are trueb) First statement is true. …
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is true?a) Movement of facilitated diffusion is from low to high concentrationb) Oxygen transport through the cell is via facil…
Published	09/17/2024	In the intestine, a sodium-potassium pump lowers the intracellular concentration of sodium inside the intestinal cell. Because of this, the glucose-so…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is true?a) Phagocytosis involves the formation of vesiclesb) Phagocytosis involves both pulling and protrusion of the cell memb…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is false?a) Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive mutation that causes sticky mucus production in the respiratory tractb) R…
Published	09/17/2024	A patient comes to the clinic unconscious but stable. A relative of the patient states that the patient drowned in the ocean while swimming. What can …
Published	09/17/2024	A patient was found to have mild hyponatremia. What will you expect from the patient?a) The ECF will have a sodium level higher than 10 but lower than…
Published	09/17/2024	The cells of the lining of the nasal cavity have an abundance of gap junctions. The cells of the stratum basale of the skin are anchored to the underl…
Published	09/17/2024	A cell has a cell membrane with high amounts of long, saturated fatty acids and has moderate amounts of cholesterol. What do you expect the cell membr…
Published	09/17/2024	Phosphatidylcholine is a type of phospholipid. Sphingomyelin is a type of phospholipid.a) Both statements are trueb) First statement is true, second s…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following food products is the richest source of glutamate?a) Asparagusb) Wheatc) Cheesed) Foods with a sweet taste
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following describes the chirality of an amino acid?a) It can act as an acid and a baseb) It can provide essential physiologic functionsc)…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following amino acids contain a benzyl group for the R-group?a) Aspartateb) Glycinec) Phenylalanined) Tyrosine
Published	09/17/2024	What is the typical effect of acidic conditions on an amino acid?a) The carboxyl group and amino group are protonatedb) The carboxyl group and amino g…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following amino acids is both essential and ketogenic?a) Phenylalanineb) Tyrosinec) Lysined) Isoleucine
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is the simplest amino acid?a) Glub) Glnc) Prod) Gly
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following statements is true about the amino acid side chains (R-groups)?a) All amino acid side chains are nonpolar and hydrophobicb) The…
Published	09/17/2024	The codon “UGA” codes for which of the following?a) Selenocysteineb) Selenoprotein Pc) STOPd) A and C only
Published	09/17/2024	What substance is deficient in Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MUD)?a) Homogentisate-1,2-dioxygenaseb) Phenylalanine hydroxylasec) Fumarylacetoacetate hydr…
Published	09/17/2024	Amino acids react with alcohols to form:a) Basesb) Saltsc) Acidsd) Esters
Published	09/17/2024	Tryptophan serves as the precursor of ______.a) Catecholaminesb) Serotoninc) Acetylcholined) All of the above
Published	09/17/2024	The isoelectric point of an amino acid is:a) The pH where the amino acid bears a net positive chargeb) The pH where the amino acid bears a negative po…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following amino acids has a side chain that is capable of forming hydrogen bonds?a) Alanineb) Phenylalaninec) Serined) Valine
Published	09/17/2024	What is the only factor that determines the isoelectric point of an amino acid?a) The molecular weight of the amino acidb) The number of carbon atoms …
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following disease is characterized by a deficiency of beta-synthase A?a) Homocystinuriab) Type III tyrosinemiac) Alkaptonuriad) Neurolath…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following amino acids are polar neutral?a) Phenylalanineb) Glutamatec) Arginined) Cysteine
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following provides the best insight as to whether a substance is the L- or D-isomer of an amino acid?a) The identity of the R-groupb) The…
Published	09/17/2024	In which conditions would it be most likely that hydrogen gets taken from the COOH group to form water?a) Acidicb) Alkalinec) At the isoelectric point…
Published	09/17/2024	In the titration of an amino acid without an ionizable R-group, the carboxyl group begins deprotonating at pKa1 = 4 while the amine group is deprotona…
Published	09/17/2024	An essential amino acid:a) Can be produced by the bodyb) Cannot be produced by the bodyc) Not required from dietary sourcesd) Both A and C
Published	09/17/2024	Proteins are the end products of this process.a) Transmissionb) Translationc) Transcriptiond) Replication
Published	09/17/2024	All enzymes are proteins. All proteins are enzymes.a) The first statement is true, the second statement is false.b) The first statement is false, the …
Published	09/17/2024	Although not a strict definition, a protein is a peptide that contains at least how many amino acids?a) 2b) 50c) 100d) 25
Published	09/17/2024	Peptide bond formation produces this functional group at the point of linkage.a) Carboxylic acidb) Amidec) Amined) Carbonyl
Published	09/17/2024	Peptide bonds are formed by this reaction.a) Hydrolysisb) Condensationc) Redoxd) All of these reactions are involved in peptide bond formation.
Published	09/17/2024	Peptide bonds prefer to be in trans configuration because it minimizes this type of interaction.a) Hydrogen bondingb) Steric effectc) Ionic interactio…
Published	09/17/2024	Peptide bonds are non-rotatable because of what feature?a) Steric effectb) Resonancec) Ionic interactiond) Hydrogen bonding
Published	09/17/2024	Conjugated proteins are proteins combined with non-protein molecules. Which among the choices is a possible prosthetic group of phosphoproteins?a) Pho…
Published	09/17/2024	Globular proteins are globular because:a) Their hydrophilic amino acids are packed inside a spherical conformation to maximize stability in an aqueous…
Published	09/17/2024	Beta barrels belong to which level of organization of proteins?a) Quaternary structureb) Secondary structurec) Primary structured) Tertiary structure
Published	09/17/2024	Which level of organization of proteins is least likely to be disrupted by changes in pH?a) Tertiary structureb) Primary structurec) Secondary structu…
Published	09/17/2024	Which torsion angle is correctly paired to its location in the peptide chain and rotatability?a) Omega (ω) angles are found between the carbonyl group…
Published	09/17/2024	Ramachandran plots show which of the following permissible torsion angle pairs?a) Omega-omega (ω-ω) pairb) Phi-psi (ɸ-ψ) pairc) Psi-psi (ψ-ψ) paird) O…
Published	09/17/2024	A complete turn in an alpha helix structure contains how many amino acid residues?a) 0.54 b) 3.6c) 1.0d) 2.63
Published	09/17/2024	Which configuration of beta sheet stacking is the most stable?a) Parallelb) Anti-parallelc) Cisd) Trans
Published	09/17/2024	Disulfide bridges are often found in tertiary structures of proteins. These are formed by the covalent interaction of which amino acid pair?a) Methion…
Published	09/17/2024	Protein function is directly tied to protein structure. What proteins sequester other proteins in order to properly fold them into their native state?…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following processes is an example of post translational modification?a) Polyadenylationb) Glycosylationc) Cappingd) Intron splicing
Published	09/17/2024	Also known as Edman’s reagent, this compound is used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein.a) Phenylisothiocyanateb) Isophenylcyanothiolc)…
Published	09/17/2024	These are highly stable proteins that “infect” other proteins to fold the same way as them.a) Beta-amyloidsb) Prionsc) Beta globin chainsd) Sickle cel…
Published	09/17/2024	Which is not part of the genome?a) Mitochondrial DNAb) Non-coding DNAc) Recombinant DNAd) More than 1 answer
Published	09/17/2024	The proteome map can be analyzed by which of the following techniques?a) X-ray crystallographyb) NMRc) Sanger Sequencingd) 2D gel electrophoresis
Published	09/17/2024	You are a medical researcher that has just performed PCR and has amplified a gene from a novel viral species. To further analyze the molecule, what wi…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the function of SDS in SDS-PAGE?a) It provides a stable environment for the proteins to move inb) It is responsible for the separation of prot…
Published	09/17/2024	A scientist prepared a PAGE mix with high amounts of acrylamide. What will he/she expect from the results?a) Proteins will generally traverse much fas…
Published	09/17/2024	SDS-PAGE is the first dimension of 2D GE. Isoelectric focusing is the second dimension of 2D GE.a) Both statements are trueb) First statement is true,…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the Sanger reagent?a) 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzeneb) Phenyl isothiocyanatec) Sodium Dodecyl Sulfated) Phenylthiohydantoic acid
Published	09/17/2024	Arrange the following steps of Edman degradationI. The N-terminal is cleaved under milder acidic conditions, creating a cyclic PTH conjugated with the…
Published	09/17/2024	Which is not a type of protease?a) Serine proteaseb) Metalloproteasec) Aspartate proteased) None of the above
Published	09/17/2024	Arginine can be targeted by which protease?a) Trypsinb) Thrombinc) Both a and b are correctd) Both a and b are wrong
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is false about mass spectrometry?a) The mass spectra of a sample can show the relative charges of the atoms or moleculesb) It i…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is true?a) In MALDI, the sample is mix with liquid matrix containing light-absorption dye and a source of electronsb) In MALDI,…
Published	09/17/2024	Which is not true about X-ray Crystallography?a) Proteins are isolated and crystallizedb) X-ray is used to hit the crystal and the x-ray waves scatter…
Published	09/17/2024	Which is not true about NMR spectroscopya) The proteins are crystallized prior to spectroscopyb) Determines structure using a magnetic fieldc) The dis…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is false?a) Proteins can be separated based on size, charge, hydrophobicity, solubility, and binding propertiesb) Purification …
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is true?a) During salting-in, the goal is to purify by precipitating the protein of interest while keeping any impurities disso…
Published	09/17/2024	You have isolated a group of protein markers from a fresh sample of sarcoma tissue. Proteomic analysis suggests that the proteins have highly variable…
Published	09/17/2024	You are interested in a sample of snake venom, which is composed of a cocktail of different peptides. You are particularly interested in one peptide t…
Published	09/17/2024	You are a medical researcher performing ion exchange chromatography on a sample that is expected to have high amounts of positively-charge proteins an…
Published	09/17/2024	Which is false about HPLC?a) The eluent passes through the column, where it separates and the components are read by the detectorb) In normal-phase HP…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following bone conditions is caused by defective collagen production?a) Osteopetrosis  b) Osteogenesis Imperfecta  c)…
Published	09/17/2024	In osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, which ion is pumped into the bone matrix to lower the pH and dissolve hydroxyapatite?a) Calcium  b) …
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following proteins acts as a "decoy receptor" that binds to RANKL, preventing osteoclast differentiation?a) Osteocalcin  b) Ost…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the role of mesenchymal stem cells in bone formation?a) They differentiate into osteoclasts  b) They differentiate into osteoblasts&…
Published	09/17/2024	Which condition is characterized by a higher rate of bone resorption than bone formation, leading to decreased bone mass and an increased risk of frac…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the main site of bone remodelling and hematopoiesis in the bone?a) Cortical bone  b) Trabecular bone  c) Periosteum &…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is a key function of osteocytes?a) Bone resorption  b) Bone matrix production  c) Maintaining extracellular…
Published	09/17/2024	The hormone responsible for increasing bone resorption in response to low blood calcium levels is:a) Calcitonin  b) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is associated with renal osteodystrophy?a) High phosphate levels and high calcium levelsb) High phosphate levels and low calciu…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is the correct pair?a) Type V collagen: Major proteinb) Type I collagen: Inorganicc) Type V collagen: compressional strengthd) …
Published	09/17/2024	Which enzyme in osteoblasts is responsible for generating phosphate ions from organic phosphates during bone mineralization?a) Alkaline Phosphatase&nb…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the most likely cause of bone deformities such as bowed legs in children with a vitamin D deficiency?a) Osteopetrosis  b) Osteomalac…
Published	09/17/2024	What role does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) play in bone metabolism?a) Increases osteoclast activity, leading to bone resorption  b) Increases …
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased bone density and defective bone resorption?a) Osteoporosis  b) Osteopetrosis…
Published	09/17/2024	In which phase of bone remodeling are mesenchymal stem cells recruited?a) Activation  b) Resorption  c) Osteoid synthesis &nb…
Published	09/17/2024	Carbonic anhydrase II is also the enzyme responsible for the activity of the bicarbonate buffer. With the CA II deficiency, there is the abnormal accu…
Published	09/17/2024	Osteoclasts are responsible for bone formation and produce hydroxyapatite to strengthen bones. While osteoblasts secrete alkaline phosphatase, which g…
Published	09/17/2024	Vitamin D increases calcium absorption in the intestines and is activated in the kidneys by PTH. Calcitonin, on the other hand, is secreted in respons…
Published	09/17/2024	Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by a genetic defect that affects the inorganic component of bone, leading to brittle bones. In osteoporosis, there i…
Published	09/17/2024	Bisphosphonates are synthetic compounds that can bind to hydroxyapatite crystals found in the bone. These are used in the treatment of osteoporosis be…
Published	09/17/2024	Why might fast-twitch muscle fibers (Type IIb) fatigue faster during high-intensity exercise compared to slow-twitch fibers (Type I)?a) Fast-twitch fi…
Published	09/17/2024	If a drug inhibits ATPase activity on myosin heads, what would be the consequence for muscle contraction?a) Myosin would bind to actin more effectivel…
Published	09/17/2024	How would the absence of tropomyosin affect the ability of skeletal muscle to regulate contraction?a) Tropomyosin’s absence would lead to continuous c…
Published	09/17/2024	Which muscle type contracts in response to both neural and hormonal signals?a) Skeletal muscleb) Smooth musclec) Cardiac muscled) All muscle types
Published	09/17/2024	Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) results from a mutation in the dystrophin gene. If dystrophin is absent, how does this affect the muscle cells durin…
Published	09/17/2024	In muscle contraction, ATP is required for myosin to release from actin. What would happen during a state of ATP depletion, such as after death (rigor…
Published	09/17/2024	In patients with smooth muscle disorders, calmodulin is unable to properly bind calcium. How would this affect smooth muscle contraction?a) The muscle…
Published	09/17/2024	ATP is constant energy source for muscle contraction, and is generated by the following EXCEPT:a) Glycolysisb) Oxidative Phosphorylationc) Creatine ph…
Published	09/17/2024	What structural feature of smooth muscle allows for prolonged contraction with less energy utilization?a) Troponin complexb) Myosin light chain phosph…
Published	09/17/2024	The following happens in a working muscle EXCEPT:a) Decrease in ATPb) Increase in Glycogenc) Increase in Creatined) Decrease in Creatine-P
Published	09/17/2024	In a scenario where ATP is present but there is no calcium, what would you expect to happen during muscle contraction?a) Myosin heads would bind to ac…
Published	09/17/2024	A patient exhibits muscle weakness due to a deficiency in titin. How does titin contribute to muscle contraction, and what would happen without it?a) …
Published	09/17/2024	The following are true regarding muscle lipids, EXCEPT:a) Smooth muscles have the greatest amount of cholesterol.b) Ratio of phospholipid to cholester…
Published	09/17/2024	Why might smooth muscle be able to sustain contraction for a longer period with less energy than skeletal muscle?a) Smooth muscle cells contain more A…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the primary function of creatine phosphate in muscle cells?a) To store oxygenb) To act as an energy reserve for rapid ATP productionc) To main…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following proteins is essential for stabilizing the cytoskeleton in muscle cells and is affected in muscular dystrophy?a) Actinb) Dystrop…
Published	09/17/2024	How would a decrease in extracellular calcium levels affect cardiac muscle contraction?a) Cardiac muscle contraction would be unaffected because it re…
Published	09/17/2024	Which protein is involved in the regulation of calcium binding and is functionally analogous to calmodulin?a) Tropomyosinb) Troponin Cc) Actind) Titin
Published	09/17/2024	What is the role of titin in muscle cells?a) Stabilizes actin filamentsb) Regulates muscle contractionc) Provides elasticity and stabilizes the sarcom…
Published	09/17/2024	The sliding filament theory involves the sliding of which filaments?a) Myosin sliding over actinb) Actin sliding over myosinc) Tropomyosin sliding ove…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the primary structural protein found in the extracellular matrix?a) Keratinb) Collagenc) Elastind) Actin
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following is a glycosaminoglycan found in the ECM?a) Hyaluronanb) Keratinc) Myosind) Fibrillin
Published	09/17/2024	Fibronectin is an important protein in the ECM. What is its primary function?a) Providing tensile strengthb) Crosslinking collagen fibersc) Mediating …
Published	09/17/2024	The attending physician to a pregnant patient suspects a possible pre-term birth. Which of the following biomarkers can aid in diagnosing such a possi…
Published	09/17/2024	Hyaluronan is unique among glycosaminoglycans because it:a) Is covalently linked to a protein coreb) Does not contain sulfate groupsc) Is synthesized …
Published	09/17/2024	You suffer a paper cut on your finger. Which ECM protein is essential to the healing process?a) Collagen Ib) Lamininc) Fibronectind) Aggrecan
Published	09/17/2024	What is the primary role of proteoglycans in the ECM?a) Providing elasticityb) Forming a hydrated gel that resists compressionc) Crosslinking collagen…
Published	09/17/2024	When we incur a wound, the damaged collagen fibers in the ECM must remodel to repair itself. Which of the following pathways are involved in this proc…
Published	09/17/2024	The structure of collagen is primarily based on which type of protein structure?a) Triple helixb) Beta-pleated sheetsc) Alpha-helicesd) Random coil
Published	09/17/2024	Someone diagnosed with Ehler-Danlos Syndrome can be expected to present with:a) Joint hypermobilityb) Fragile tissuesc) Both A & Bd) None of the a…
Published	09/17/2024	Why are wrinkles more common as we age than when we are younger?a) Decrease in the elastin present in the skinb) Increased activity of matrix metallop…
Published	09/17/2024	A Beighton score of 5 is within the normal range.a) True b) Falsec) None of the above
Published	09/17/2024	What enzyme is necessary for collagen cross-linking and requires ascorbate to function?a) Matrix metalloproteinasesb) Prolyl hydroxylasec) Lysyl oxida…
Published	09/17/2024	hat disease is caused by a mutation in several collagen genes and presents with hearing loss?a) Ehler Danlos Syndromeb) Cutis laxac) Stickler’s syndro…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the cause of Marfan syndrome?a) Abnormal amounts of deposition of fibrillin in the ECMb) Lack of adequate ascorbic acid intake in the dietc) G…
Published	09/17/2024	The following are all glycosaminoglycans EXCEPT:a) Heparinb) Hyaluronanc) Chondroitin sulfated) None of the above
Published	09/17/2024	What are the functions of the ECM?a) Provides tensile and compressive strength and elasticityb) Buffers against EC change and water retentionc) Contro…
Published	09/17/2024	Which is considered an indigenous cell of the ECM?a) Fat cellsb) Bone cellsc) Muscle cellsd) Immigrant cells
Published	09/17/2024	Intracellular collagen biosynthesis involves the following steps EXCEPT:a) Cleavage of signal peptideb) Assembly of collagen fibers in quarter-stagger…
Published	09/17/2024	During the transcription of collagen, different chromosomes encode for different collagen types. Which type of collagen is matched to its correct chro…
Published	09/17/2024	The hypothesis that all enzymes are made of proteins was disproven upon the discovery of ______.a) coenzymesb) ribozymesc) hormonesd) lipids
Published	09/17/2024	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto its corresponding tRNA. It will only accommodate the L-isomers of…
Published	09/17/2024	Catalase belongs to what general classification of enzymes?a) Transferaseb) Oxidoreductasec) Hydrolased) Isomerase
Published	09/17/2024	What is the difference between hydrolases and lyases?a) Hydrolases require the presence of water to cleave bonds, whereas lyases are capable of cleavi…
Published	09/17/2024	Match the model/hypothesis involving enzyme specificity and the developer of such model/hypothesis.a) Induced fit model: Daniel Koshland; Lock and key…
Published	09/17/2024	Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is an example of a _______.a) Repressorb) Metal ion cofactorc) Coenzymed) Inducer
Published	09/17/2024	Asparagine residues at the human glucokinase active site interact with the equatorial hydroxyl groups of glucose via hydrogen bonding interactions for…
Published	09/17/2024	Protein kinase A is an example of what classification of enzymes?a) Transferaseb) Ligasec) Lyased) Isomerase
Published	09/17/2024	The ________ is established with the aim to provide a systemic basis for naming enzymes.a) IUPAC nomenclatureb) PDB nomenclaturec) NMR nomenclatured) …
Published	09/17/2024	Zn2+ as a cofactor interacts with the following enzymes except _______.a) Ureaseb) Carbonic anhydrasec) Carboxypeptidase Ad) Alcohol dehydrogenase
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following coenzymes is not required in the diet?a) Coenzyme Ab) Flavin adenine dinucleotidec) Pyridoxal phosphate d) Lipoate
Published	09/17/2024	In the catalytic triad found in serine proteases such as chymotrypsin, what amino acid residue is involved in the nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl …
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following coenzymes are involved in the transfer of carbon dioxide in enzymatic reactions?a) Pyridoxal phosphateb) Tetrahydrofolatec) Thi…
Published	09/17/2024	NADH dehydrogenase is an enzyme that requires flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a prosthetic group in order to catalyze the oxidation of NADH to NAD+. Ba…
Published	09/17/2024	Selenium deficiency is associated with the following disease.a) Crohn’s diseaseb) Celiac diseasec) Keshan diseased) Cri-du-chat syndrome
Published	09/17/2024	Urease has the enzyme commission (EC) number of 3. 5. 1. 5. Based on its EC number, urease is a ______.a) Lyaseb) Ligasec) Oxidoreductased) Hydrolase
Published	09/17/2024	Unknown enzyme X is involved in the conversion of compound A to compound B, with compounds A and B having the same molecular weights. Based on this in…
Published	09/17/2024	This catalytic mechanism involves the production of strain in the molecule, leading to distortions that make the molecule more susceptible to bond cle…
Published	09/17/2024	Lactate dehydrogenase is an example of an oxidoreductase. It catalyzes the oxidation of pyruvate to lactate, leading to the reduction of NADH.a) Both …
Published	09/17/2024	A sample containing two DNA strands with different sizes was added with an unknown enzyme in the reaction mixture. The electrophoretogram for the samp…
Published	09/17/2024	Molecule X is a medication used to treat myasthenia gravis by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACh), the enzyme that catalyzes the decompos…
Published	09/17/2024	For a reaction that proceeds as xA + yB → zC, what is the rate of the forward reaction?a) r = k [A]y [B]xb) r = k [A]x [B]zc) r = k [A]…
Published	09/17/2024	Enzymes make reactions more efficient by _________.a) increasing the activation energy of the reactionb) providing an alternative pathway for the reac…
Published	09/17/2024	What theory states that molecules must be approaching bond-forming distances between one another while possessing enough kinetic energy to overcome th…
Published	09/17/2024	An experiment is set up to examine how temperature affects enzyme activity using a red-colored substrate. In Set A, the enzyme-substrate mixture is ke…
Published	09/17/2024	Hexokinase is an enzyme that converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the glycolytic pathway. The said reaction catalyzed by hexokinase is known to …
Published	09/17/2024	What is the usual optimum pH range for most enzymes in the body?a) pH 1-5b) pH 7-13c) pH 2-6d) pH 5-9
Published	09/17/2024	What should be the expected results for the Lineweaver-Burk plot of an enzyme that is inhibited by a non-competitive inhibitor?a) The x-intercept will…
Published	09/17/2024	What kind of multi-substrate reaction involves the release of a product before the addition of another substrate?a) Ping-pong reactionb) Compulsory or…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following should be the effect of a competitive inhibitor to an enzyme?a) Both Km and Vmax are increased.b) Both Km and Vmax are decrease…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the exact definition of the Michaelis constant (Km)?a) A measure of the affinity of the substrate to the enzymeb) A measure of the rate of pro…
Published	09/17/2024	Inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are receptors that act as Ca2+ channels, activated by the binding of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). X-ray…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the difference between a non-competitive inhibitor and an uncompetitive inhibitor?a) For the Lineweaver-Burk plots, a non-competitive inhibito…
Published	09/17/2024	What is the optimal pH for alkaline phosphatase?a) pH 5b) pH 7c) pH 9d) pH 13
Published	09/17/2024	When digested food enters the stomach, the rate of protein digestion increases. When it enters the small intestine, it decreases. Why is this so?a) Th…
Published	09/17/2024	An office worker, 55 M, is said to have a low carbohydrate, high protein diet. What pair of enzymes do we expect to play a main role in the catabolic …
Published	09/17/2024	In the Hill equation for cooperative binding, the n represents _______.a) the complex constantb) the initial velocityc) the final velocityd) the degre…
Published	09/17/2024	The Lineweaver-Burk plot of the catalytic activity of cyclooxygenase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins by converting arachidon…
Published	09/17/2024	What kind of inhibitors are generally more preferred in drugs?a) Non-competitive inhibitorsb) Competitive inhibitorsc) Uncompetitive inhibitorsd) Pois…
Published	09/17/2024	Penicillin is one of the most well-known antibiotic drugs in medicine. Its mechanism of action involves disrupting the development of the bacterial ce…
Published	09/17/2024	The low Km of alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde in Asian variants is said to be caused by ________.a) the substitution of a glutamate residue to l…
Published	09/17/2024	Which type of enzyme regulation typically involves a "switching on" mechanism that occurs over hours and affects the quantity of enzyme present?a) All…
Published	09/17/2024	Allosteric inhibitors usually bind to which part of an enzyme?a) The active siteb) The substrate-binding sitec) The catalytic sited) A site other than…
Published	09/17/2024	______ are drugs that are responsible for regulating the rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis.a) Statinsb) Analgesicsc) Opioidsd) Inhalants
Published	09/17/2024	What is the role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) in enzyme regulation?a) to increase enzyme synthesisb) to degrade non-functional or damaged…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following best describes the similarity in effects between V-series allosteric inhibition, K-series allosteric inhibition, competitive in…
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