Notes in ✧ DNA Mutations

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/14/2024	One feature of the genetic code is that it is {{c1::unambiguous}}: each codon specifies only 1 amino acid
Published	01/14/2024	One feature of the genetic code is that it is {{c1::degenerate/redundant}}: most amino acids are coded by multiple codons
Published	01/14/2024	One feature of the genetic code is that it is {{c1::commaless, nonoverlapping}}: it is read from a fixed starting point as a continuous sequence of ba…
Published	01/14/2024	One feature of the genetic code is that it is {{c1::universal}}: genetic code is conserved throughout evolution
Published	01/14/2024	Of the 64 possible codons, how many encode amino acids?{{c1::61 (3 are stop codons)}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which three sequences of bases are mRNA stop codons? {{c1::UGA, UAA, UAG}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of DNA mutation causes the least severe damage? {{c1::Silent mutations}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which type of DNA mutation causes the most severe damage? {{c1::frameshift mutations}}
Published	01/14/2024	A(n) {{c1::transition}} is type of DNA mutation in which a purine is mutated to another purine (or pyrimidine to pyrimidine)
Published	01/14/2024	A(n) {{c1::transversion}} is a type of DNA mutation in which a purine is mutated into a pyrimidine, and vice versa
Published	01/14/2024	What class of DNA mutations are characterized by a single nucleotide change? {{c1::Point mutations}}
Published	01/14/2024	A(n) {{c1::silent}} mutation occurs when a nucleotide substitution codes for the same amino acid
Published	01/14/2024	A(n) {{c1::missense}} mutation occurs when a nucleotide substitution codes for a different amino acid
Published	01/14/2024	A(n) {{c1::nonsense}} mutation occurs when a nucleotide substitution codes for a stop codon
Published	01/14/2024	A(n) {{c1::frameshift}} mutation occurs when there is a deletion or insertion of a number of nucleotides not divisible by {{c2::3}}, resulting in…
Published	01/14/2024	Accurate base pairing is usually required only in the first two nucleotide positions of a mRNA codon because codons differing in the 3rd "{{c1::wobble…
Published	01/14/2024	In the final step of translation, a stop codon is recognized by {{c1::release factor}} and the completed polypeptide is released from the ribosome
Published	01/14/2024	What class of diseases is Huntington disease a part of?{{c1::Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases}}
Published	01/14/2024	What class of diseases is Friedreich ataxia a part of?{{c1::Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases}}
Published	01/14/2024	Cystic fibrosis most commonly occurs due to a(n) {{c2::in-frame}} deletion of {{c1::Phe508}}
Published	01/14/2024	The enzyme {{c1::hexosaminidase A}} is deficient in {{c2::Tay-Sachs}} disease
Published	01/14/2024	Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the {{c1::β}} chain of hemoglobin
Published	01/14/2024	Sickle cell anemia occurs due to a point mutation that substitutes {{c1::glutamic acid}} (hydrophilic) with {{c1::valine}} (hydrophobic)
Published	01/14/2024	Microsatellites are repeating sequences of {{c1::non-coding::coding/non-coding}} DNA
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c2::microsatellite}} instability pathway of colorectal cancer is characterized by mutations or methylation of {{c1::mismatch repair}} genes
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Duchenne}} muscular dystrophy is typically due to frameshift or non-sense mutations, resulting in a truncated or absent dystrophin protein
Published	01/14/2024	What trinucleotide repeat disorder is associated with autism?{{c1::Fragile X syndrome}}
Published	01/14/2024	Slippage in a template strand will cause a(n) {{c1::deletion}}
Published	01/14/2024	Slippage in a replicated strand will cause a(n) {{c1::insertion}}
Status	Last Update	Fields