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Protein and Lipid Metabolism Prework
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/01/2024	The 4 ions that determine membrane potential are {{c1::Na+}}, {{c1::K+}}, {{c1::Cl-}}, and {{c1::Ca2+}}. Of these, {{c1::K+}} is the most importa…
Published	08/30/2024	The equilibrium potential of potassium is {{c1::-85}} mV
Published	09/01/2024	{{c2::Cortisol}} is the hormone released in response to {{c1::stress (both acute and chronic)}}.
Published	09/08/2024	Epinephrine and albuterol are {{c1::G protein::type of receptor}}-linked signals.
Published	08/30/2024	Insulin is a(n) {{c1::enzyme::DNA, enzyme, OR ion channel}}-linked signal.
Published	08/30/2024	The 4 parts of {{c1::pharmacokinetics}} are:{{c2::Absorption::A}}{{c2::Distribution::D}}{{c2::Metabolism::M}}{{c2::Elimination::E}}
Published	08/30/2024	There are 3 types of {{c2::blockers}}:{{c1::partial agonists}} slightly increase receptor activity{{c1::antagonists}} don't change receptor activity{{…
Published	08/30/2024	Compared to Drug A, Drug B has less {{c1::potency::potency or efficacy}}
Published	08/30/2024	Therapeutic {{c1::window}} is the dosage range that can safely treat disease without any toxicity
Published	09/01/2024	The threshold potential of neurons is approximately {{c1::-55}} millivolts, at which an action potential is triggered.
Published	09/05/2024	{{c1::Hydrophilic (Polar)}} signals {{c2::do not::do OR do not}} cross cell membranes
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Hydrophobic::Hydrophilic OR Hydrophobic}} signals {{c2::do::do OR do not}} cross cell membranes; {{c1::hydrophilic::hydrophilic OR hydropho…
Published	09/01/2024	G{{c3::i::s, q, OR i}} pathway:adenylyl cyclase is  {{c1::inhibited::activated OR inhibited}}so, cAMP concentration {{c2::decreases::de…
Published	09/06/2024	The equilibrium potential of calcium is {{c1::+120}} mV
Published	08/30/2024	Compared to Drug A, Drug C has less {{c1::efficacy::potency or efficacy}}
Published	09/01/2024	G{{c3::s}} pathway:adenylyl cyclase is {{c2::activated::inhibited OR activated}}cAMP concentration {{c2::increases::increases OR decreases}}…
Published	09/06/2024	The equilibrium potential of chloride is {{c1::-90}} mV.
Published	08/30/2024	A {{c1::super agonist}} increases receptor activity more than the natural ligand
Published	08/30/2024	Phase {{c1::II}} clinical trials will generally use a surrogate clinical endpoint (e.g. BP), while phase {{c1::III}} trials will have the relevant cli…
Published	09/01/2024	There are 3 types of GPCR's that we need to know:Gi {{c1::decreases::increases OR decreases}} the activity of {{c2::adenylyl cyclase::protein}}, there…
Published	09/01/2024	{{c2::ANP/BNP}} is the hormone that signals {{c1::high blood volume}}
Published	09/01/2024	If no ligand is present, then the receptor will oscillate between active and inactive but be mostly {{c1::inactive::active OR inactive}}.
Published	09/13/2024	The sodium-potassium pump moves {{c1::3}} Na+ {{c1::out of}} the cell and {{c1::2}} K+ {{c1::into}} the cell
Published	09/06/2024	{{c2::Glucagon}} is the hormone released when the body is in a {{c1::fasting::fed OR fasting}} state.
Published	09/01/2024	An {{c1::IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential)}} is a membrane potential that {{c1::hyperpolarizes::depolarizes OR hyperpolarizes}} a cell,&nb…
Published	09/15/2024	{{c2::ADH}} is the hormone that signals {{c1::high osmolarity}}
Published	09/01/2024	{{c2::Insulin}} is the hormone that signals {{c1:: the fed state}}
Published	09/06/2024	The {{c2::extracellular::intracellular OR extracelluar}} space has.{{c1::High::High OR Low}} Na+,{{c1::Low::High OR Low}} K+,{{c1::High::High OR Low}}…
Published	09/01/2024	An {{c1::EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential)}} is a membrane potential that {{c1::depolarizes::depolarizes OR hyperpolarizes}} a cell, …
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Nitric oxide}} pathway:cGMP concentration {{c2::increases::increases OR decreases}}PKG activity {{c2::increases::increases OR decreases}}result:…
Published	09/01/2024	Resting membrane potential is {{c1::negative::positive OR negative}} inside cells, approximately -{{c1::70}} millivolts.
Published	09/06/2024	The equilibrium potential of sodium is {{c1::+65}} mV
Published	09/01/2024	{{c2::Epinephrine}} is the hormone that signals {{c1::fight-or-flight::physiological response}}.
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Paracrine::Autocrine, Paracrine, OR Endocrine}} signals affect cells that are {{c2::nearby::far away OR nearby}}.
Published	09/06/2024	In the CNS, {{c2::GABA::main inhibitory neurotransmitter}} {{c1::opens::opens OR blocks}} {{c1::Cl-::ion}} channels, {{c2::hyperpolarizing::hyper…
Published	09/01/2024	Here are 5 important second messengers:{{c1::cAMP}}, made by {{c3::adenylyl cyclase}} and activates {{c2::Protein Kinase A::kinase}}{{c1::cGMP}},…
Published	09/01/2024	What are the 4 types of cellular receptors, ordered from fastest signaling to slowest?{{c1::Ion channel}} receptors (act in {{c2::milliseconds}}){{c1:…
Published	09/01/2024	There are 3 types of GPCR's that we need to know:Gq {{c1::increases::increases OR decreases}} intracellular concentrations of {{c2::DAG, IP3, and Ca2+…
Published	09/01/2024	Opening {{c1::Na+::ion}} and {{c1::Ca2+::ion}} channels tend to {{c2::depolarize::depolarize OR hyperpolarize}} the cell, whereas opening {{…
Published	09/01/2024	There are 3 types of GPCR's that we need to know:Gs {{c1::increases::increases OR decreases}} {{c2::cAMP::Name the second messenger(s)}}.
Published	09/01/2024	In the CNS, {{c1::glutamate::main stimulatory neurotransmitter}} {{c2::opens::opens OR closes}} {{c3::Na+::ion}} and {{c3::Ca2+::ion}} channels, …
Published	09/01/2024	Cortisol and Prednisone are {{c1::DNA::ion channel, GPCR, enzyme, OR DNA}}-linked signals.
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Nifedipine::medication}} blocks {{c2::Ca2+::ion}} channels, causing {{c1::vasodilation::vasoconstriction OR vasodilation}}. This treats {{c2::hy…
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Lidocaine::medication}} blocks {{c2::Na+::ion}} channels, thereby inhibiting {{c3::depolarization::depolarization OR hyperpolarization}}.
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Diazepam::medication}} opens {{c2::Cl-::ion}} channels, resulting in {{c2::hyperpolarization::hyperpolarization OR depolarization}}. This treats…
Published	09/01/2024	G{{c1::q::s, q OR i}} pathway:IP3 and DAG concentrations {{c2::increase::increase OR decrease}}IP3 {{c2::increases::increases OR decreases}} Ca2+…
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Glimeperide (a sulfonylurea)::medication}} blocks {{c2::K+::ion}} leak channels. This results in {{c2::depolarization::depolarization OR hyperpo…
Published	09/05/2024	{{c1::Glimepiride}}, a sulfonyl urea, is a common drug used to treat type II diabetes. This drug targets {{c2::beta cells}} which increases insulin re…
Published	09/09/2024	Phase {{c1::I}} of clinical trials uses a small number of healthy volunteers or patients with disease of interest
Published	09/09/2024	Phase {{c1::II}} of clinical trials uses a small number of patients with a disease of interest
Published	09/09/2024	Phase {{c1::III}} of clinical trials assesses efficacy compared to the standard of care, as well as adverse effects
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Efficacy}} is the maximal effect a drug can produce
Published	09/19/2024	Compared to full agonists, partial agonists have {{c1::less}} efficacy
Published	09/09/2024	EC50 of a drug is indicative of {{c1::potency::potency or efficacy}}
Published	09/19/2024	What effect does a competitive antagonist have on efficacy?{{c1::No change (max efficacy can still be reached by increasing the dose)}}
Published	09/09/2024	The therapeutic index is calculated by {{c1::TD50}}/{{c1::ED50}}
Published	09/19/2024	Drugs with a low therapeutic index may be remembered with the mnemonic "Warning! These Drugs are Lethal": W: {{c1::Warfarin}}T: {{c1::Theophylline}}D:…
Published	09/06/2024	{{c1::Secretory granules}} are small packages of concentrated secretory product surrounded by a membrane.
Published	09/19/2024	What effect does a non-competitive antagonist have on potency?{{c1::No change}}
Published	09/10/2024	Vmax of a drug is indicative of {{c1::efficacy::potency or efficacy}}
Published	09/19/2024	What effect does a non-competitive antagonist have on efficacy?{{c1::Decrease (curve shifts down)}}
Published	09/09/2024	Phase {{c1::I}} of clinical trials assesses safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics
Published	09/06/2024	Phase {{c1::IV}} of clinical trials is the postmarketing surveillance of patients after a treatment is approved
Published	09/09/2024	Phase {{c1::III}} of clinical trials uses a large number of patients randomly assigned either to a treatment under investigation or the best available…
Published	09/09/2024	Phase {{c1::II}} of clinical trials assesses optimal dosing, treatment efficacy, and adverse effects
Published	09/19/2024	What effect does a competitive antagonist have on potency?{{c1::Decrease (curve shifts right)}}
Published	09/09/2024	Safer drugs have a(n) {{c1::higher}} therapeutic index value
Published	09/09/2024	Phase {{c1::IV}} of clinical trials detects rare or long-term adverse effects
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Cytosol}} + {{c1::organelles}} = {{c2::cytoplasm}}
Published	08/30/2024	What effect does a partial agonist have on efficacy?{{c1::Decrease (curve shifts down)}}
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Potency}} is the amount of drug needed for a given effect
Published	09/13/2024	c5c65869f2774978ae216aaa34e860b7-ao-4
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Unipolar or pseudounipolar neurons::Neuron type}} have {{c2::one::#}} axon(s) that bifurcates close to the perikar…
Published	08/30/2024	A {{c1::codon}} is a triplet code of three nucleic acids along a sequence of mRNA that correspond to one of the twenty common amino acids or to a…
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Osteocytes}} are found in {{c2::cavities (lacunae)}} between {{c3::bone matrix layers (lamellae)}}, with cytoplasmic processes in small {{c…
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Gap junctions::Junction type}} are channels for communication between {{c2::adjacent::adjacent OR distant}} cells and are typically fo…
Published	08/31/2024	What are the two kinds of cells found in nerve tissue?{{c1::Neurons}} and {{c1::glial cells}}
Published	09/09/2024	c5c65869f2774978ae216aaa34e860b7-ao-1
Published	09/06/2024	1d36614c3e5a46b1b87d524c8cb42b39-ao-4
Published	09/06/2024	338343eba74e4d10a234e2badace2e73-ao-2
Published	09/06/2024	Phospholipids have a head made out of a {{c1::phosphate group}}, making it {{c2::hydrophilic::hydrophobic OR hydrophilic}}.
Published	09/01/2024	Name the 3 major classes of transmembrane receptors:{{c1::GPCRs}}{{c1::Enzyme coupled receptors}}{{c1::Ion channel receptors}}
Published	09/01/2024	Cardiac muscles {{c1::do not::do OR do not}} have satellite cells. Therefore, beyond {{c1::early::late OR early}} childhood, this tissue sho…
Published	09/06/2024	Ribosomes assemble polypeptides from amino acids on molecules of {{c1::transfer RNA (tRNA)::biomolecule}} in a sequence specified by {{c2::mRNA::…
Published	08/31/2024	The {{c1::SER::SER or RER}} lacks bound polyribosomes.
Published	08/31/2024	Secretory granules originate in the {{c1::golgi apparatus::organelle}}
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Dense regular Connective Tissue::Connective tissue type}} contains mostly type {{c2::I::I, II, III, or IV}} collagen bundles and {{c2::fibr…
Published	08/30/2024	231f061821424dd4a24235995b5f5137-ao-5
Published	08/30/2024	The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle, which is home to our {{c1::genetic material}}
Published	09/01/2024	Mitochondria are  organelles that serve as the {{c1::powerhouse of the cell}}
Published	08/30/2024	To deal with the H2O2 that it makes, the peroxisome has {{c1::peroxidase}} which safely converts H2O2 into {{c2::water}} and {{c2::O2}}
Published	09/01/2024	The {{c1::SER::Organelle}}:synthesizes {{c2::phospholipids::type of molecule}} and {{c2::steroids::type of molecule}}detoxifies {{c2::poisons}} (…
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Cardiac muscle}} tissue has cross-striations and is composed of {{c3::elongated::shortened OR elongated}}, often {{c3::branched::branched O…
Published	09/01/2024	The major function of {{c1::RER::organelle}} is production of membrane-associated proteins, proteins of many membranous organelles, and proteins to be…
Published	09/15/2024	Proximal regions of the astrocytic processes are reinforced with bundles of intermediate filaments made of {{c1::glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)}…
Published	08/31/2024	In a myofibril, the {{c1::dark::light OR dark}} bands are {{c2::A::A or I}} bands and are {{c2::anisotropic::isotropic OR anisotropic}}…
Published	08/30/2024	231f061821424dd4a24235995b5f5137-ao-9
Published	08/31/2024	When a ligand binds to an RTK, 2 receptor chains come together and dimerize in order to add phosphate groups on each other, a process called {{c1::cro…
Published	09/09/2024	0c884af2378d4bc28a054ab8a7dba06b-ao-1
Published	08/30/2024	To calculate therapeutic index, we divide the {{c1::median toxic dose}} by the {{c1::median effective dose}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Phase I}} trials test the medication in a small group of healthy individuals to see if it's safe for humans
Published	09/09/2024	1d36614c3e5a46b1b87d524c8cb42b39-ao-1
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Lamellar bone}} is {{c2::mature, with matrix existing as discrete sheets::characteristics}}
Published	09/01/2024	Hydrophobic signalling molecules can’t freely float in blood, so they’re brought to the target cells by {{c1::carrier proteins}}. They can, howev…
Published	09/17/2024	{{c1::Fibroblasts}} are the most common cells in connective tissue proper and produce and maintain most of the tissue’s extracellular components …
Published	08/30/2024	The Central nervous system (CNS) consists of {{c1::the brain and the spinal cord}}
Published	09/01/2024	231f061821424dd4a24235995b5f5137-ao-7
Published	09/06/2024	After ligand binding, the type I and type II receptors of RSTKs form a complex so that the type {{c1::II::I or II}} receptor can phosphorylate and act…
Published	09/13/2024	c5c65869f2774978ae216aaa34e860b7-ao-2
Published	09/08/2024	1d36614c3e5a46b1b87d524c8cb42b39-ao-2
Published	08/30/2024	SER is best seen with {{c1::TEM::microscopy type}}
Published	09/15/2024	Pharmacokinetic interactions of simultaneously administered medications include altering the {{c1::absorption}}, {{c1::distribution}}, {{c1::metabolis…
Published	09/08/2024	{{c1::Peroxisomes::Organelle}}  produce and degrade {{c2::hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)}}.
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Macrophages, plasma cells, white blood cells (leukocytes), and mast cells}} originate from {{c2::hematopoietic stem cel…
Published	09/06/2024	In a muscle cell:Cytoplasm = {{c1::Sarcoplasm}}Smooth ER = {{c1::sarcoplasmic reticulum}}cell membrane and external lamina = {{c1::sarcolemma}}
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Connective tissue::Tissue type}} provides a matrix that supports and physically connects other tissues and cells together to form the organs of …
Published	08/30/2024	What is the function of anaxonic neurons?{{c1::Regulate electrical changes of adjacent CNS neurons}}
Published	08/30/2024	231f061821424dd4a24235995b5f5137-ao-6
Published	09/06/2024	{{c1::Stratified}} epithelia contain {{c2::two::one, two, OR three}} or more cell layers.
Published	09/09/2024	Pharmacokinetics is made up of ADME:{{c1::Absorption into circulation}}{{c2::Distribution to the tissues}}{{c3::Metabolized and broken down}}{{c4::Eli…
Published	08/30/2024	In the PNS, nerve fibers are grouped into bundles to form {{c1::nerves}}
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Epithelial}} tissue line all external and internal surfaces of the body. All substances that enter or leave an organ must cross this type o…
Published	08/30/2024	Extracellular matrices consist of different combinations of {{c1::protein fibers and ground substance::materials}}
Published	09/09/2024	0c884af2378d4bc28a054ab8a7dba06b-ao-5
Published	09/06/2024	Therapeutic index refers to the ratio between the {{c1::toxic}} dose and {{c1::effective}} dose of a givn medication
Published	08/30/2024	In the CNS, most neuronal perikarya occur in the {{c1::gray}} matter, with their axons concentrated in the {{c1::white}} matter.
Published	09/13/2024	c5c65869f2774978ae216aaa34e860b7-ao-3
Published	09/09/2024	0c884af2378d4bc28a054ab8a7dba06b-ao-6
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Tight or occluding junctions::Junction type}} form a seal between adjacent cells and are typically found {{c2::at the apical end …
Published	09/10/2024	Elastic fibers are a composed of {{c1::fibrillin (350 kDa)}}, which forms a network of {{c2::microfibrils}}, embedded in a larger mass of cross-l…
Published	09/01/2024	The {{c1::cytoskeleton::organelle}} of a cell determines its shape and motility.
Published	09/01/2024	231f061821424dd4a24235995b5f5137-ao-8
Published	08/31/2024	Ion channels are generally {{c1::closed::open OR closed}}, until they bind to a specific ligand.
Published	08/31/2024	Cardiac muscle cells form complex junctions at {{c1::intercalated discs}}, which consist of membrane channels such as {{c2::desmosomes}}, {{c2::fascia…
Published	08/30/2024	The closer the therapeutic index is to {{c1::1}}, the higher the danger of toxicity
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Adherent or anchoring junctions::Junction type}} are sites of strong cell adhesion and are typically found {{c2::on the side…
Published	08/30/2024	What do sensory neurons do?{{c1::Receive stimuli from receptors throughout the body}}
Published	09/13/2024	Osteoclasts are very large, motile cells with {{c1::multiple::one OR multiple}} nuclei that are essential for {{c1::matrix resorption}} during bo…
Published	08/30/2024	After glycolysis, the pyruvate enters the mitochondria and goes through the {{c1::citric acid cycle}}, as well as the {{c1::electron tr…
Published	08/31/2024	To make a protein, DNA gets transcribed into {{c1::mRNA}} which then gets translated by {{c1::ribosomes::organelle}} into a {{c1::protein}}.
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Cartilage::type of connective tissue}} contains an extracellular matrix (ECM) with high concentrations of {{c2::GAGs}} and {{c2::prote…
Published	08/31/2024	In water, phospholipids form a bilayer - with their {{c1::hydrophobic::hydrophobic OR hydrophilic}} tails oriented {{c2::inward::inward OR outward}} a…
Published	09/06/2024	{{c1::Paracrine::Endocrine, Autocrine, OR Paracrine}} signals are produced by a cell and go to target cells that are nearby.
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::DNA}} is actually one long molecule with some parts that code for genes connected together by other parts that don’t code for genes
Published	08/30/2024	231f061821424dd4a24235995b5f5137-ao-12
Published	08/31/2024	231f061821424dd4a24235995b5f5137-ao-11
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Mast cells::Cell type}} function in the localized release of many bioactive substances such as {{c2::histamine}} that are importa…
Published	09/01/2024	The Gs signaling pathway stimulates {{c1::adenylate cyclase::enzyme}}, which converts {{c1::ATP::cAMP or ATP}} to {{c1::cAMP::cAMP or ATP}}.
Published	09/01/2024	The rough ER is low in {{c1::volume::surface area OR volume}} but high in {{c1::surface area::surface area OR volume}}.
Published	08/31/2024	Functions of membrane proteins:Regulate the {{c1::diffusion}} of molecules in and out of the cell (e.g., ion channels)Facillitate&…
Published	09/10/2024	31bad67c1ab049cda1c1468b2673843d-ao-4
Published	08/30/2024	Water in the ground substance of connective tissue is referred to as {{c1::interstitial fluid}} and has an ion composition similar to that of {{c…
Published	08/30/2024	What do motor neurons do?{{c1::Send impulses to effector organs like muscle fibers and glands}}
Published	08/31/2024	The {{c1::cell}} is the basic unit that makes up every living organism and is the smallest form of life that can {{c2::replicate}} on its own.
Published	08/30/2024	Macromolecules from the periphery are carried to the cell body by {{c1::retrograde transport}} in the opposite direction along microtubules via {…
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Desmosomes::Junction type}} are a type of {{c2::adherent}} junction that resemble a single “spot-weld” and do not form a belt around the cell. T…
Published	09/09/2024	3f005b0ea6c24871b109c46fd3d6563a-ao-4
Published	09/01/2024	The three types of cartilage: {{c1::Hyaline cartilage}}: the most common of the three, is homogeneous and semitransparent in its fresh …
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Ependymal}} cells are columnar or cuboidal cells that line the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cor…
Published	08/31/2024	Cells specialized for protein secretion have a lot of {{c1::RER::RER or SER}} inside them.
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Pharmacodynamic}} interactions of simultaneously administered medications occur when medications influence each other's effects directly
Published	08/31/2024	{{c1::Osteoblasts}} are growing cells which synthesize and produce the organic components of bone matrix, including type {{c2::I::I, II, III…
Published	09/09/2024	3f005b0ea6c24871b109c46fd3d6563a-ao-1
Published	09/09/2024	3f005b0ea6c24871b109c46fd3d6563a-ao-2
Published	08/31/2024	DNA is coiled around proteins called {{c1::histones}} which are then folded further and further, forming tightly packed forms of DNA called {{c1::chro…
Published	09/09/2024	0c884af2378d4bc28a054ab8a7dba06b-ao-2
Published	09/09/2024	0c884af2378d4bc28a054ab8a7dba06b-ao-3
Published	09/09/2024	The byproducts of aerobic respiration are {{c1::CO2}} and {{c1::H2O}}
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::32}} ATP molecules of ATP are made for every 1 glucose molecule via aerobic respiration
Published	08/31/2024	When a ligand binds to a GPCR, the GPCR changes its shape, and this allows the G protein to release GDP and bind GTP instead, {{c1::activati…
Published	09/01/2024	338343eba74e4d10a234e2badace2e73-ao-1
Published	09/06/2024	{{c1::The golgi apparatus::Organelle}} completes posttranslational modifications of {{c2::proteins}} produced in the RER and then packa…
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Autocrine}} signals are produced by a cell and go to its own receptors. Thus, the cell sends signals to itself.
Published	09/09/2024	6a90573e4f9e403b8501a3a3cafb546d-ao-2
Published	09/09/2024	Cartilage receives nutrients via the {{c1::perichondrium}}
Published	08/30/2024	What is the function of glial cells?{{c1::Support, protect neurons, participate in neural activities, neural nutrition, and defense}}
Published	08/30/2024	The cell membrane {{c1:: can NOT :: can/can not }} be seen with a regular microscope
Published	09/08/2024	The {{c1::ground substance}} of the ECM is a highly hydrated (with much bound water), transparent, complex mixture of three major kinds of macrom…
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Pharmacology}} is the study of medications which interact with various living systems (from tiny molecules to tissues and whole organisms) in or…
Published	09/08/2024	What is another name for the cell body of a neuron?{{c1::Perikaryon or soma}}
Published	09/10/2024	31bad67c1ab049cda1c1468b2673843d-ao-5
Published	08/30/2024	Motor neurons are {{c1::efferent::afferent/efferent}}
Published	09/01/2024	Overall, there are three types of G proteins: {{c1::Gq}}, {{c1::Gi}}, and {{c1::Gs}}, and each one stimulates and inhibits a different …
Published	08/30/2024	What do interneurons do in the CNS?{{c1::Establish relationships among other neurons, forming functional networks}}
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Brown::Type}} adipose tissue contains cells with multiple lipid droplets interspersed among abundant mitochondria and release heat and func…
Published	09/09/2024	0c884af2378d4bc28a054ab8a7dba06b-ao-7
Published	09/06/2024	What are the two types of  endoplasmic reticulum?{{c1::The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)}}
Published	09/09/2024	31bad67c1ab049cda1c1468b2673843d-ao-3
Published	09/10/2024	The presence of polyribosomes on the cytosolic surface of the RER confers {{c1::basophilic::what kind of}} staining properties on this organelle when …
Published	09/09/2024	The dosing rate in continuous infusion required to maintain the steady state is known as the {{c1::maintenance dosing rate}} and can be calculated by …
Published	09/01/2024	{{c1::Endocrine}} signaling is used by cells to communicate with target cells that are {{c1::far away::nearby OR far away}}.
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Anaxonic neurons::Neuron type}} have no axons and many dendrites
Published	08/31/2024	The Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the {{c1::cranial}} {{c1::spinal}}, and {{c1::peripheral}} nerves that c…
Published	08/30/2024	The plasma membrane is {{c1::semipermeable}} - meaning it allows some things through, like oxygen or carbon dioxide - but doesn’t allow…
Published	09/15/2024	{{c1::Reticular}} fibers consist mainly of type {{c2::III::I, II, III, or IV}} collagen, which forms an extensive network of thin fibers for the suppo…
Published	09/06/2024	The {{c1::cytoskeleton}} is made out of molecules like {{c2::microfilaments}}, {{c2::microtubules}}, and {{c2::intermediate f…
Published	09/05/2024	The Golgi apparatus contains transport vesicles which move {{c1::within}} the cell, and secretory vesicles which move molecules {{c2::o…
Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Mitochondria::Organelle}} have arrays of enzymes specialized for {{c2:: aerobic::anaerobic OR aerobic}} respiration and…
Published	08/31/2024	The Golgi apparatus takes the proteins, lipids, and hormones that are generated in the rough ER and smooth ER, and packages them into a vesicle made o…
Published	09/01/2024	After injury, smooth muscle cells undergo {{c1::mitosis::cellular process}} to replace the damaged tissue.
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