Notes in Epithelia

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/03/2024	Tissues and organs of the body develop from {{c1::one or more of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm}}
Published	09/03/2024	Epithelia can originate from which germ layer(s)?{{c1::All (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)}}
Published	09/03/2024	Epithelia are {{c1::avascular. Oxygen & nutrients diffuse in from subjacent connective tissue.::vascular/avascular}}
Published	09/03/2024	Apical surface of epithelia: {{c1::free surface, exposed to a body or organ cavity or to exterior of body}}
Published	09/03/2024	Basal surface of epithelia: {{c1::Attached to basement membrane, separated from underlying connective tissue/blood supply}}
Published	09/03/2024	Metaplasia: {{c1::cell can change from one type to another due to chronic changes in environmental conditions::define}}
Published	09/03/2024	How are epithelia replaced?{{c1::Continuously renewed and replaced. Basal cells undergo continuous mitosis}}
Published	09/03/2024	Epithelia are characterized by the production of {{c1::keratin intermediate filaments}}
Published	09/03/2024	Tumors can be {{c1::benign (local) or malignant (metastatic)}}
Published	09/03/2024	Carcinomas – {{c1::tumors that arise from surface epithelia}}
Published	09/03/2024	Adenocarcinomas – {{c1::tumors that arise from glands}}
Published	09/03/2024	Functions of Epithelia {{c1::◼ Prevention of desiccation ◼ Protection ◼ Filtration ◼ Secretion ◼ Absorption ◼ Sensory reception::(6)}}
Published	09/03/2024	Epithelium lining cavities connecting with outside world called {{c1::mucous membrane (=mucosa) (e.g., alimentary, respiratory, or urogenital tracts)}…
Published	09/03/2024	Mucous membrane contains surface epithelium of {{c1::ectoderm (or endoderm), basement membrane, supporting connective tissue (lamina propria),& so…
Published	09/03/2024	Epithelium that lines closed body cavities called {{c1::serous membrane (= serosa) (e.g., peritoneal, pleural, or pericardial cavities)}}
Published	09/03/2024	Serosa consists of {{c1::epithelial lining, the mesothelium, (mesodermally derived); basement membrane, & supporting connective tissue (LACKS musc…
Published	09/03/2024	Epithelium that lines blood & lymph vessels called {{c1::endothelium (mesodermally derived)}}
Published	09/03/2024	Endothelium associated with variable #’s of {{c1::Mm (musclaris muscosae) & connective tissue layers(tunics), depending on tissue}}
Published	09/03/2024	Specializations of Epithelia {{c1::◼ Divide body into functional compartments ◼ Must separate self from non-self ◼ These barriers also monitor & m…
Published	09/03/2024	Apical Specializations{{c1:: ◼ May be external or lumenal◼ Specialized for movement, secretion and/or absorption (increase cell surface area) ◼ Four t…
Published	09/03/2024	Functions of stereocilia:{{c1::◼Very long, non-motile microvilli ◼ Rigidity due to core of actin filaments ◼ Specialized for absorption and secretion&…
Published	09/03/2024	Cilia description and function {{c1::◼ Mobile, hair-like projections specialized for coordinated movement. ◼ Extensions of the cytoskeleton◼ Movement …
Published	09/03/2024	Axoneme - {{c1::core of microtubules}}. Characterized by {{c1::9+2 pattern of microtubules}}, anchored to {{c1::basal body}}
Published	09/05/2024	Kartagener Syndrome (KS), aka {{c1::immotile ciliary syndrome}}: {{c1::defects result in uncoordinated or absent cilia.::results in}} Originates durin…
Published	09/03/2024	Specializations of lateral surface {{c1::◼ Intercellular junctions ◼ Designed to promote cellular adhesion, contribute to cellular cohesion, and facil…
Published	09/03/2024	Tight junctions: {{c1::Prevents movement of membrane proteins between apical & lateral domains::function}}, {{c1::membrane fusion prevents water-s…
Published	09/03/2024	Communicating Junctions ◼ Also known as {{c1::gap junctions or nexus}} ◼ {{c1::Mediate intercellular communication by allowing rapid spread of informa…
Published	09/05/2024	Layers of basal lamina and their composition{{c1::1. Lamina lucida: extracellular glycoproteins (entactin, integrins & laminin)2. Lamina densa: me…
Published	09/03/2024	Reticular lamina -{{c1:: produced by fibroblasts, composed of collagen I & III. Beneath basal lamina}}
Published	09/03/2024	Hemidesmosomes connect {{c1::plasma membrane}} with {{c1::basal lamina}}. Have {{c1::attachment plaques & keratin tonofilaments.}} Integrins bind …
Published	09/05/2024	How are glands classified? {{c1::1. Morphology of gland/duct     - Simple gland—unbranched ducts (straight or coiled)    &nbs…
Published	09/03/2024	Secretory products of glands:{{c1::- Serous—watery; basophilic acini (e.g., parotid) - Mucous—thick, viscid secretion (mucus); clear on H&E (e.g.,…
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Sebaceous}} glands of skin, secrete {{c1::lipids in form of sebum}}
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Ceruminous}} glands of external ear canal, secrete {{c1::cerumen (ear wax)}}
Published	09/03/2024	Glands have two major functional groups:{{c1::- Endocrine glands—lack ducts; secrete products (hormones) directly into bloodstream- Exocrine glands—se…
Published	09/03/2024	Goblet cells are {{c1::specialized, unicellular exocrine glands, located in epithelium; secrete mucus}}
Published	09/03/2024	Gland classification by mode of discharge:{{c1::- Merocrine (= eccrine)—only secretory product released (generally proteins). Most common; involves si…
Published	09/03/2024	Anchoring Junctions/Zonula adherens:{{c1::◼ Fasten cells to each other or to extracellular material◼ Located beneath tight junctions ◼ Contain both pl…
Published	09/03/2024	Hemidesmosomes are found on {{c1::basal surface of cell only::where?}}, anchoring it to {{c1::basement membrane}} via {{c1::integrins}}
Published	09/03/2024	Hemidesmosomes are associated with {{c1::high mechanical abrasion/shearing forces (e.g., skin)::what kind of wear?}}
Published	09/03/2024	Communicating Junctions ◼ Also known as {{c1::gap junctions or nexus}}◼ Mediate {{c1::intercellular communication by allowing rapid spread of informat…
Published	09/03/2024	Lamina lucida - {{c1::extracellular glycoproteins::comprised of}}  {{c1::(entactin, integrins & laminin)::e.g.,}}
Published	09/03/2024	Lamina densa - {{c1::meshwork of collagen IV fibrils::comprised of}}
Published	09/03/2024	Reticular lamina - produced by {{c1::fibroblasts}}, composed of {{c1::collagen I & III}}.
Published	09/03/2024	Basal lamina: functions as {{c1::molecular filter, support, directs cellular migration during wound repair}}
Published	09/03/2024	Tubular—{{c1::tube-like (straight or coiled)::shape of}} gland
Published	09/03/2024	Acinar (= alveolar)—{{c1::sac-like or flask-shaped:: shape of}} gland
Published	09/03/2024	Tubuloacinar (~= alveolar)—{{c1::intermediate; tube with dilated end::shape of}} gland
Published	09/03/2024	Endocrine vs. exocrine glands:Endocrine: {{c1::secrete hormones directly into bloodstream}}Exocrine: {{c1::secrete product on epithelial surface via d…
Published	09/03/2024	Merocrine (= eccrine) mode of discharge—{{c1::only secretory product released (generally proteins)::what is released?}} {{c1::Most common; involves si…
Published	09/03/2024	Apocrine—{{c1::secrete membrane bound vesicles, product accompanied by some cytoplasm::what is secreted?}}, {{c1::usually lipid products (e.g., sweat …
Published	09/03/2024	Holocrine—{{c1::entire cell secreted (ruptures, releases contents)::what is secreted?}} {{c1::(e.g., sebaceous glands)::e.g.,}}
Status	Last Update	Fields