Notes in III. NRDS to Sepsis

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Published	12/09/2024	Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome is due to the deposition of a layer of {{c1::hyaline}} proteinaceous material in the peripheral airspaces of in…
Published	12/09/2024	Surfactant is primarily composed of {{c1::Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)}} and {{c2::Phosphatidylglycerol}}.
Published	12/09/2024	The synthesis of surfactant is modulated by hormones and growth factors such as {{c1::Cortisol}}, {{c2::Insulin}}, {{c3::Prolactin}}, {{c4::Thyroxine}…
Published	12/09/2024	Other causes of NRDS include:Excessive {{c1::sedation of the mother}}Fetal {{c2::head injury}} during deliveryAspiration of {{c3::blood or amniotic fl…
Published	12/09/2024	NRDS is inversely proportional to {{c1::gestational age}}
Published	12/09/2024	Term babies have a {{c1::lesser}} risk of developing NRDS.
Published	01/17/2025	The fundamental defect in NRDS is:Pulmonary {{c1::immaturity}}Deficiency of {{c2::surfactant}}
Published	12/09/2024	Surfactant consists of:Predominantly {{c1::dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)}}Smaller amounts of {{c2::phosphatidylglycerol}}Two groups of su…
Published	12/09/2024	Surfactant production is accelerated after the {{c1::35th}} week of gestation.
Published	12/09/2024	If surfactant is within normal levels, the lungs retain {{c1::40}} % of residual air volume to allow breathing without difficulty.
Published	12/09/2024	What is a gross finding in NRDS?A) Lungs are enlarged and air-filledB) Lungs are solid, airless, and reddish-purpleC) Lungs float in water due to trap…
Published	12/09/2024	Which microscopic finding is seen in NRDS?A) Well-developed alveoliB) Collapsed present alveoliC) Hyperplastic cellular debrisD) Normal alveolar struc…
Published	12/09/2024	What happens when an infant dies early in the course of NRDS?A) Increased alveolar developmentB) Necrotic cellular debris in terminal bronchioles and …
Published	12/09/2024	What is the primary composition of the hyaline membranes in NRDS?A) Fibrin mixed with cell debris from necrotic type 2 pneumocytesB) Mucus and fluid s…
Published	12/09/2024	What is the pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)?A) Fully understood and single-factor causeB) Uncertain but multifactorialC) Resulting fro…
Published	12/09/2024	What role does PAF (platelet-activating factor) play in Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)?A) Protective effect against intestinal injuryB) No role in th…
Published	12/09/2024	Which of the following is a radiologic finding in Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)?A) PneumoperitoneumB) Pneumatosis intestinalisC) Bowel dilatation wi…
Published	12/09/2024	What is the management approach for Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)?A) Surgery onlyB) Conservative management or surgeryC) Immediate use of antibiotic…
Published	12/09/2024	What type of infections are most commonly seen in transcervical (ascending) perinatal infections?A) Most viral infectionsB) Most bacterial infectionsC…
Published	12/09/2024	Which viral infection is mentioned as a common cause of ascending perinatal infections?A) HIVB) HSV2C) Hepatitis BD) Influenza
Published	12/09/2024	How do transcervical ascending infections typically occur?A) Pathogens ascend from the cervix to the uterusB) Through the bloodstreamC) Through the pl…
Published	12/09/2024	Which of the following is true regarding transplacental (hematologic) infections?A) Most are bacterial infectionsB) Few are parasitic or viral infecti…
Published	12/09/2024	What is the most common cause of early onset sepsis in neonates?A) ListeriaB) Group B StreptococcusC) CandidaD) Malaria
Published	12/09/2024	Which organisms are associated with late onset sepsis in neonates?A) Toxoplasma and malariaB) Listeria and CandidaC) Group B Streptococcus and influen…
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