Notes in 06 Human Pathogens Prereadings

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Published	08/31/2023	The {{c1::flagellum}} of a bacterium is a long protein arm used for motility
Published	08/31/2023	An important virulence factor in bacteria is the {{c1::capsule}}.
Published	08/31/2023	The {{c1::cytoplasm}} of bacteria contains {{c2::ribosomes}}, {{c2::nucleoid}}, {{c2::genetic material}}, and {{c2::plasmids}}
Published	08/31/2023	The {{c1::viral::pathogen type}} genome can be DNA, RNA, ds, ss, linear or circular.
Published	08/31/2023	{{c1::Pro}}karyotes' nuclear material sits freely within the cytoplasm
Published	08/30/2024	A bacteria's {{c1::cell}} wall can be a target for the immune system and antibiotics
Published	08/31/2023	purple circles are gram {{c1::positive::negative or positive}}
Published	08/31/2023	Red/pink organisms are gram {{c1::negative::negative or positive}}
Published	08/31/2023	Gram {{c1::positive}} bacteria have a much thicker cell wall
Published	08/31/2023	Gram {{c1::Negative}} Bacteria have thinner cell walls with a(n) {{c2::outer membrane}} surrounding it
Published	08/31/2023	Gram {{c1::Negative}} Bacteria contain a(n) {{c2::periplasm}}, which is a space between the cell membrane and outer membrane
Published	08/31/2023	Bacteria sometimes secrete a(n) {{c1::capsule}}, which is a sticky, gelatinous layer that assists the bacteria in attaching to host cells
Published	08/31/2023	{{c2::Capsules}} of bacteria are typically water and polysaccharide, protecting against {{c1::phagocytosis}}
Published	08/31/2023	Bacteria with distinct, firmly attached gelatinous layer have a(n) {{c1::capsule}}
Published	08/31/2023	Bacterial {{c1::pili}} and {{c1::fimbria}} allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces and attach to other bacteria for conjugation (exchange genetic informa…
Published	08/31/2023	Small DNA within the cells of bacteria that replicate independently are known as {{c1::plasmids}}
Published	08/31/2023	3 most common bacterial shapes{{c1::Coccus/Cocci}}{{c1::Rods aka Bacilli::... aka ...}}{{c1::Coccobacillus}}
Published	08/31/2023	The thick cell wall of {{c1::peptidoglycan}} in gram positive bacteria holds the crystal violet of the gram stain in place
Published	08/31/2023	A(n) {{c1::bacteriophage}} is a virus that infects bacteria
Published	08/31/2023	Viruses contain either DNA or RNA surrounded by a(n) {{c1::capsid}}
Published	08/31/2023	The two most common shapes of viral capsids are {{c1::icosahedral}} and {{c1::helical}}
Published	08/31/2023	All naked viruses have {{c2::icosahedral}} capsids
Published	08/31/2023	The viral {{c1::capsid::virus component}} protects the genome and aids in its transfer between hosts.
Published	08/31/2023	Bacteria are surrounded by several layers collectively called the {{c1::cell envelope}}. These layers include the {{c2::cell wall}}, {{c2::plasma memb…
Published	08/31/2023	The viral genome contains genes needed by the virus that are not present in {{c1::the host.::where?}}
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Published	09/03/2023	The {{c1::glucan synthase complex::protein complex}} located in the fungal {{c2::cell membrane::part of cell}} is responsible for the {{c3::synthesis …
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Published	08/31/2023	In the intracellular state, the virus exists solely as {{c1::nucleic acids}} and is capable of {{c2::reproduction}}.
Published	08/31/2023	{{c1::14 alpha-demethylase}} is a cytochrome P450 enzyme in fungi that is responsible for production of {{c2::ergosterol}}
Published	08/31/2023	The {{c1::cytoplasm}} of bacteria is made up of water, cell components, enzymes, and molecules.
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Published	08/31/2023	The {{c1::plasma membrane}} in bacteria are responsible for respiration, photosynthesis, and synthesis of lipids/cell components in addition to i…
Published	08/31/2023	The cell wall of bacteria consists of {{c1::peptidoglycan::carbohydrate}}.
Published	08/31/2023	Bacteria are {{c1::pro::pro/eu}}karyotic.
Published	08/31/2023	Fungal cell walls are made up of polysaccharides including {{c1::chitin.}}
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Published	08/31/2023	{{c1::Ergosterol}} is an essential sterol in the fungal cell membrane.
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Published	08/31/2023	172c50141b914280b878f49eacc90f2a-ao-1
Published	08/31/2023	Bacterial ribosomes are located in the {{c1::cytoplasm}} or {{c1::plasma membrane}}.
Published	08/31/2023	A bacterial capsule has two functions:-{{c1::protection against phagocytosis}}- {{c1::adhesion to surfaces}}
Published	08/31/2023	Antibiotic resistance genes are often not encoded in the bacterial chromosome, but instead on {{c1::plasmids}}.
Published	09/03/2023	{{c1::Glucans::polysaccharide}} make up the majority of the fungal cell wall.
Published	08/31/2023	Bacteria are prokaryotic and do not contain a {{c1::nucleus}} or {{c1::membrane-bound organelles}}
Published	08/31/2023	Mutations occur more frequently in RNA viruses than DNA viruses because {{c1::RNA polymerase makes more mistakes than DNA polymerase}}.
Published	08/31/2023	{{c1::Viruses}} do not contain a cytoplasmic membrane, cytosol, and  functional organelles, and does not have any metabolic activity.
Published	08/31/2023	ebc26567c6ad4e578fb853219c9d7343-ao-7
Published	08/31/2023	Fungi are {{c1::eu::eu/pro}}karyotic organisms.
Published	08/31/2023	Gram positive bacteria contains {{c1::more::more or less}} peptidoglycan than gram negative bacteria.
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Published	08/31/2023	{{c1::Viruses::pathogen type}} are simple and acellular with a distinct pattern of multiplication.
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Published	08/31/2023	20f234ae5c9b46d98d7dfa91c79ce91e-ao-1
Published	08/31/2023	20f234ae5c9b46d98d7dfa91c79ce91e-ao-4
Published	08/31/2023	The chromosome of most bacteria is a {{c1::single circle of double-stranded DNA}}.
Published	08/31/2023	In the extracellular state, a virus is called a {{c1::virion}} and is not capable of {{c2::reproduction}}.
Published	08/31/2023	Fungi {{c1::do::do/do not}} contain membrane bound organelles and possess cell membranes and cell walls.
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Published	08/31/2023	32914867362b472b8ce273a5e069f41e-ao-2
Published	08/31/2023	32914867362b472b8ce273a5e069f41e-ao-3
Published	08/31/2023	ebc26567c6ad4e578fb853219c9d7343-ao-1
Published	09/08/2023	Bacteria contain linear or circular {{c1::plasmids}} which are small {{c3::ds-DNA::type of nucleic acid}} containing {{c2::non-essential::no…
Published	08/31/2023	{{c1::Ergosterol}} provides stability and flexibility to the cell membrane of fungi.
Published	08/31/2023	The most important role of the cell wall of bacteria is {{c1::protection.}}The cell wall also helps {{c2::maintain shape.}}
Published	08/31/2023	What do fungal plasma membranes contain that others lack?{{c1::Ergosterol}}
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