Notes in S5 Bacteriology

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Published	09/15/2024	Prokaryotes are a group of {{c1::unicellular}} microorganisms, with {{c1:: prokaryotic}} cell structure
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Published	09/15/2024	Describe the 3 main pathological types of bacteria.
Published	09/15/2024	Describe the role of prokaryotes in the environment.
Published	09/15/2024	Describe the role of prokaryotes within hosts.
Published	09/15/2024	Describe the importance of prokaryotes in industry.
Published	09/15/2024	Ribosomal RNA in prokaryotes is {{c1::16 S}}
Published	09/15/2024	Describe the three shapes of bacteria.
Published	09/15/2024	Place the size of rods, cocci and helices in order of largest to smallest.
Published	09/15/2024	Describe the 4 types of bacteria arrangements.
Published	09/15/2024	Name the 5 types of examination by microscopy.
Published	09/15/2024	The nucleus is {{c1::free}} in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
Published	09/15/2024	Prokaryotes do not have a {{c1::cell membrane}} and contain {{c2::muramic acid}}.
Published	09/15/2024	Categorize bacterial size by μm.
Published	09/15/2024	What is a pleomorph?
Published	09/15/2024	List the 4 ESSENTIAL cell components of bacteria.
Published	09/15/2024	List the 4 NONESSENTIAL cell components.
Published	09/15/2024	Prokaryotes have {{c1::single}} chromosome, {{c2::haploid}} ploidy, {{c3::circular}} structure, {{c4::dsDNA}} and {{c5::super…
Published	09/15/2024	The prokaryotic cytoplasm is {{c1::80%}} water and contains {{c2::nuclear material}}.
Published	09/15/2024	Describe prokaryotic ribosomes.
Published	09/15/2024	List the 4 major groups of components in a prokaryotic cytoplasm.
Published	09/15/2024	What is the function of a prokaryotes' cytoplasmic membrane?
Published	09/15/2024	List the 4 transport processes performed by a prokaryote's cytoplasmic membrane.
Published	09/15/2024	The prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane is {{c1::40%}} phospholipids and {{c2::60%}} proteins.
Published	09/15/2024	What is a mesasome?
Published	09/15/2024	What do mesasomes do?
Published	09/15/2024	What is the function of the cell wall?
Published	09/15/2024	The prokaryotic cell wall is {{c1::rigid}} and made of {{c1::peptidoglycan}}
Published	09/15/2024	Peptidoglycan is composed of chains of alternating subunits of {{c1::N-acetyl- glucosamine}} and {{c2::N-acetyl-muramic acid}} crosslinked by sho…
Published	09/15/2024	Gram + bacteria contain {{c1::cytoplasmic membrane, periplasmic space, and peptidoglycans}} while Gram - contain {{c1::cytoplasmic membrane,…
Published	09/15/2024	LPS is an {{c1::endotoxin}} of Gram - bacteria.
Published	09/15/2024	The cell wall of Gram + bacteria contains {{c1::10-12}} layers with empty spaces filled by {{c2::techoic acid, carbs, proteins, lipoids}} fi…
Published	09/15/2024	{{c1::Techoic acid}} and {{c2::polysaccharides}} are the most important antigens for Gram + bacteria.
Published	09/15/2024	Gram - bacteria have {{c1::less}} peptide bridges than Gram + bacteria.
Published	09/15/2024	Gram - bacteria are harder to penetrate due to {{c1::LPS}} making antibiotic effectiveness harder.
Published	09/15/2024	What is responsible for the spcificity of bacterial endotoxins?
Published	09/15/2024	Differentiate spheroplasts vs protoplasts.
Published	09/15/2024	What is a capsule?
Published	09/15/2024	Describe the function of the capsule.
Published	09/15/2024	What is the capsule made of? [3]
Published	09/15/2024	Are capsulated or un-capsulated bacteria more virulent?
Published	09/15/2024	What is the capsule encoded by?
Published	09/15/2024	What is a flagella? What are its dimensions?
Published	09/15/2024	What are flagella's made of?
Published	09/15/2024	Flagella's are important {{c1::H-antigens}}.
Published	09/15/2024	Can flagella's be stained? How do we evaluate their motility?
Published	09/15/2024	Define fimbria (fimbriae) or pilus (pili). How large are they? What matrial are they made of?
Published	09/15/2024	What are the 2 typs of fimbrae?
Published	09/15/2024	Where are fimbrae and pili mainly found?
Published	09/15/2024	Flagella are {{c1::contractable}} while fimbrae/pili are {{c2::not contractable}}.
Published	09/15/2024	What are endospores?
Published	09/15/2024	What is the aim of spore formation? How is it formed?
Published	09/15/2024	Describe the layers of the spore from inside to out [5].
Published	09/15/2024	What are the necessary signals for spore germination [4].
Published	09/15/2024	What are the necessary signals for sporulation? [5]
Published	09/15/2024	What are plasmids and where are they located?
Published	09/15/2024	What is the cytoplasmic membrane made of? How are the materials distributed?
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