Notes in Disorders of calcium

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Published	03/15/2025	What is the normal range of total serum calcium?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the biologically active form of calcium in plasma?
Published	03/15/2025	Which hormone primarily regulates calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the inorganic component of bone that provides strength and hardness?
Published	03/15/2025	What type of collagen forms the backbone of the bone matrix?
Published	03/15/2025	What percentage of the organic component of bone is made up of collagenous proteins?
Published	03/15/2025	Which enzyme involved in bone metabolism is commonly measured in a bone profile test?
Published	03/15/2025	Hypocalcaemia is defined as a serum calcium level below ____ mmol/L.
Published	03/15/2025	What hormone is released in response to hypocalcaemia?
Published	03/15/2025	Name one cause of hypocalcaemia due to PTH deficiency.
Published	03/15/2025	Hypercalcaemia is defined as a serum calcium level above ____ mmol/L.
Published	03/15/2025	What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the threshold for severe hypercalcaemia?
Published	03/15/2025	What are the ECG changes associated with hypercalcaemia?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the most common cause of primary hypoparathyroidism?
Published	03/15/2025	Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by a ________ in one of the parathyroid glands.
Published	03/15/2025	Secondary hyperparathyroidism is commonly associated with ________ and ________.
Published	03/15/2025	Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly associated with what condition?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the main biochemical hallmark of malignancy-associated hypercalcaemia?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the first-line treatment for hypercalcaemia?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the most effective medication for treating hypercalcaemia after rehydration?
Published	03/15/2025	What is a last-resort treatment for severe hypercalcaemia resistant to bisphosphonates?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium?
Published	03/15/2025	Which hormone plays a key role in increasing serum calcium concentration
Published	03/15/2025	Where is the majority of filtered calcium reabsorbed in the kidneys?
Published	03/15/2025	What happens to calcium reabsorption in the kidneys when extracellular volume increases?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following is TRUE regarding tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
Published	03/15/2025	In hypercalcaemia of malignancy, which mechanism accounts for 80% of cases?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following is NOT a function of a bone profile (BP) test?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following proteins is involved in bone mineralisation?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following conditions is NOT a cause of hypocalcaemia?
Published	03/15/2025	A patient with hypocalcaemia due to PTH deficiency will have which associated lab finding?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypercalcaemia?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following conditions is associated with hypercalcaemia due to excess intestinal calcium absorption?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following is NOT a cause of hormone-independent bone resorption leading to hypercalcaemia?
Published	03/15/2025	Which of the following best describes secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Published	03/15/2025	What is the first-line treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism?
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the steps in which PTH increases calcium concentration:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the sites of calcium reabsorption in the kidneys in order of percentage reabsorbed:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the following steps in the physiological response to hypocalcaemia:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the progression of hypercalcaemia symptoms from early to severe:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the pathophysiological steps of secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease in the correct order:
Published	03/15/2025	Arrange the types of hyperparathyroidism in order of increasing severity:
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the table regarding the distribution of calcium in plasma:
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the table regarding calcium storage in bone:
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the table regarding hypocalcaemia symptoms:
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the table regarding the classification of hypercalcaemia causes:
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the table regarding hypercalcaemia causes:
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the table regarding the causes of hypo- and hyperparathyroidism:
Published	03/15/2025	Primary Hyperparathyroidism: [PTH ↑, Ca2+ ↑, PO4+ ↓, Vitamin D N/↓] Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: [PTH ↑, Ca2+ ↓/N, PO4+ ↑/N, Vitamin D ↓↓↓]Tertiary …
Published	03/15/2025	Fill in the table regarding the key components of a bone profile test:
Published	03/15/2025	Match the conditions with their effects on calcium binding:
Published	03/15/2025	Match the factors with their effects on calcium excretion:
Published	03/15/2025	Match the bone matrix proteins with their functions:
Published	03/15/2025	Match the causes of hypocalcaemia with their corresponding categories:
Published	03/15/2025	Match the cause of hypercalcaemia with its underlying mechanism:
Published	03/15/2025	Match the clinical signs of hypercalcaemia with their affected system:
Published	03/15/2025	Match the type of parathyroid disorder with its characteristic features:
Published	03/15/2025	Match the cause of hyperparathyroidism with its underlying mechanism:
Published	03/15/2025	Calcium is maintained within a fairly narrow range of ____ to ____ mmol/l.
Published	03/15/2025	The most common cause of ________ is a benign adenoma in one of the parathyroid glands.
Published	03/15/2025	The inorganic component of bone, ________, provides its strength and hardness.
Published	03/15/2025	The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is ________.
Published	03/15/2025	Hypercalcaemia of malignancy is associated with low _______ levels due to feedback suppression.
Published	03/15/2025	Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is associated with __________ failure.
Published	03/15/2025	________ is a non-collagenous protein that plays a role in bone mineralisation.
Published	03/15/2025	________ is a rare genetic disorder characterised by resistance to PTH actions, leading to hypocalcaemia.
Published	03/15/2025	________ is a condition associated with hypercalcaemia due to increased PTH secretion and is part of MEN1 and MEN2A syndromes.
Published	03/15/2025	The phrase “Stones, Bones, Groans, Psychiatric Overtones” refers to symptoms of ________.
Published	03/15/2025	True or false: disorders of calcium 1
Published	03/15/2025	True or false: disorders of calcium 2
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