Notes in 01 Basic Microbiology

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Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Bacteriostatic::bacteriostatic/bactericidal}} drugs prevent population growth while {{c1::bactericidal::bacteriostatic/bactericidal}}} drugs kil…
Published	09/25/2023	Drugs ending in -cillin belong to {{c1::penicillins::abx class}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Drugs begining with cef- belong to {{c1::cephalosporins::abx class}}.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Bactrim::abx name}} is drug that inhibits the bacterial metabolite, {{c2::folic acid.::metabolite}}
Published	09/26/2023	{{c2::Penicillins::abx class}}, {{c2::cephalosporins::abx class}}, {{c3::glycopeptides::abx class}}, {{c3::carbapenems::abx class}}, and {{c4::monobac…
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::metronidazole (Flagyl)::abx class}} and {{c2::quinolones (ciprofloxacin)::abx class}} are {{c1::DNA synthesis::mechanism}} inhibitors.
Published	09/25/2023	Drugs ending in -floxacin are {{c1::quinolones::abx class}}.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Flagyl::brand name}} is also known as {{c2::metronidazole::generic name}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Vancomycin is a {{c1::glycopeptide::abx class}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Drugs ending in -penem belong to the {{c1::carbapenems::abx class}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Aztreonam is a {{c2::broad::broad/narrow}}-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the {{c1::monobactams::abx class}}.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Rifampin::brand name}}, also known as {{c2::Rifamycin::generic name}}, inhibits {{c3::RNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase::mech…
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::Tetracyclines}}, {{c2::chloramphenicol}}, {{c3::aminoglycosides}}, {{c3::macrolides}}, and {{c4::clindamycin}} inhibit {{c1::protein synthesis}}…
Published	09/25/2023	Gentamycin is an {{c1::aminoglycoside::abx class}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Azithromycin is a {{c1::macrolide::abx class}}.
Published	10/10/2023	Isoniazid inhibits the {{c1::cell membrane::region of a cell}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Sulfonamides + Trimethoprim (= Bactrim) inhibit {{c1::folic acid}} synthesis.
Published	09/25/2023	Bactrim {{c1::is::is/is not}} available for oral use and is {{c2::bacteriostatic::bacteriostatic/bacteriocidal}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Amoxicillin is given {{c1::orally::route of admin}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Zosyn is mostly given in {{c1::intensive care::what?}} setting.
Published	09/25/2023	Does Zosyn cover gram positive or gram negative organisms?{{c1::both}}
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Zosyn::abx}} and {{c1::Vancomycin::abx}} are both expensive.
Published	09/25/2023	Monobactams cover gram positive or negative bacteria?{{c1::both}}
Published	09/25/2023	Penicillins are most effective against gram-{{c2::positive}} bacteria.
Published	09/25/2023	Cephalosporins are {{c1::more::more/less}} resistant to beta-lactamases, but have {{c1::less::more/less}} hypersensitivity reactions and have {{c2::mo…
Published	09/25/2023	Cefazolin, a 1st generation cephalosporin, can treat {{c1::MSSA::bacteria (not PEcK)}}.
Published	10/10/2023	Cefoxitin covers {{c1::MSSA::not HEN}} and {{c2::Haemophilus}}, {{c2::Enterobactor}}, and {{c2::Neisseria}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Fluoroquinolones inhibit {{c1::gyrase::bacterial enzyme}}.
Published	10/10/2023	{{c2::Nalidixic acid}} is a {{c1::first}}-generation fluoroquinolone that is rarely used now and treats gram-{{c3::negative::positive/negative}} …
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::Ciprofloxacin}} is a {{c3::2nd}}-generation fluoroquinolone that treats gram negative and some positive including {{c1::mycoplasma}} and {{c1::c…
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Levofloxacin::abx}} is a {{c2::3rd}}-generation fluoroquinolone that treats both gram negative and positive bacteira including {{c3::mycopl…
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::Moxifloxacin::Abx}} is a {{c3::4th}} generation fluoroquinolone that treats both gram negative and positive bacteria including {{c1::mycoplasma}…
Published	09/25/2023	Metronidazole has {{c1::little::some/little/a major}} effect on human cells or aerobic bacteria.
Published	09/25/2023	Birth control pills may fail when one is taking {{c1::rifampin::abx}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Streptomycin is an {{c1::aminoglycoside::abx type}}.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::Tetracylines::abx}} inhibit {{c1::elongation during protein synthesis::protein synthesis step}}.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::Aminoglycosides (streptomycin)::abx}} and {{c2::Linezolid::abx}} inhibit {{c1::initiation::step}} of protein synthesis.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::Chloramphenicol::abx}} inhibits {{c1::peptide bond formation::step}} during protein synthesis.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::Clindamycin::abx}} and {{c2::Azithromycin (Z-pak)::abx}} inhibit {{c1::translocation::step}} during protein synthesis.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Isoniazid::abx}} is approved for prophylactic use for heatlhcare workers exposed to TB.
Published	09/25/2023	Aminoglycosides are bacteri-{{c1::cidal}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Ciprofloxacin is bacteri-{{c1::cidal}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Tetracycline is bacteri-{{c1::ostatic}}.
Published	09/25/2023	Vancomycin is bacteri-{{c1::depends on the bug!}}.
Published	09/25/2023	In immunocompromised patients, use bacteri-{{c1::cidal}} drugs.
Published	09/25/2023	1ac2dcbb0110418e8e60be190dfebc09-ao-1
Published	09/25/2023	1ac2dcbb0110418e8e60be190dfebc09-ao-2
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Empiric::type of}} treatment comes from experience and history.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Clindamycin}} treats anaerobic bugs above the diaphgragm while {{c1::metronidazole (flagyl)}} treats below the diaphragm.
Published	09/25/2023	Mechanisms for Drug Resistance:Degrade the {{c1::drug}}.{{c2::Change/mutate}} targets.{{c3::Increase}} efflux pumps.Alter {{c4::cell membrane}}.Transf…
Published	09/25/2023	Why might physicians prescribe antibiotics for viral infections?{{c1::pressure from patients, may help in preventing opportunistic infections}}
Published	09/25/2023	What is the downside of prescribing antibiotics for viral infections?{{c1::development of drug resistance}}
Published	09/25/2023	What antibiotics can result in neurotoxicity?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::Diarrhea}} is a common side effect of antibiotics, but can be prevented/improved by {{c1::probiotics}}.
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Hypersensitivity}} reactions are common in penicillins.
Published	09/25/2023	Rifampin {{c1::induces::induces or inhibits}} cytochrome p450
Published	09/25/2023	{{c2::Rifampin::Antibacterial}} works by binding to bacterial {{c1::DNA-dependent RNA polymerase}}, inhibiting RNA synthesis
Published	09/25/2023	Rifampin use is associated with {{c1::hepato}}-toxicity
Published	09/25/2023	Which antibacterial drug may produce a red-orange discoloration of body fluids?{{c1::Rifampin}}
Published	09/25/2023	Rifampin can be remembered by the 4 R'sDNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitorRamps up microsomal CYP450Red/orange body fluidsRapid {{c4::Resistance}} …
Published	09/25/2023	What drugs have the suffix -oxacin?{{c1::Fluoroquinolones}}
Published	09/25/2023	Fluoroquinolones are indicated mostly for gram {{c1::negative}} infections
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