Notes in Embryology 1 & 2 Kevin Vargas

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Published	09/03/2024	Fertilization occurs in the {{c1::ampulla}} of the fallopian tube, when one sperm penetrates the oocyte.The first layer sperm must go through is the {…
Published	09/03/2024	The male and female pronucleus lose their nuclear envelopes and fuse, forming a diploid cell called a {{c1::zygote}}.The zygote continues to divide, a…
Published	09/03/2024	The inner lining of the uterus is called the {{c1::endometrium}}.It has three stages: follicular, secretory, and menstrual.The lining is in the {{c2::…
Published	09/03/2024	In the {{c1::third}} week of development, a process called {{c2::gastrulation}} occurs, which forms {{c3::the three primary germ layers}}.Gastrulation…
Published	09/03/2024	Some mesodermal cells form a structure called the {{c1::notochord}}, which induces the overlying ectoderm to thicken and form the neural plate.{{c2::S…
Published	09/03/2024	Once neural tube closure is complete, {{c1::neural crest cells}} migrate through embryo to form several important structuresThese cells migrate throug…
Published	09/03/2024	The {{c8::endoderm}} layer on the ventral surface of the embryo forms the {{c1::gut tube}} through {{c9::lateral folding}}.The gut tube has three main…
Published	09/03/2024	The {{c1::placenta}} is the organ that provides nutrients and electrolytes to and removes wastes from the embryo.{{c2::Gas exchange::role #1}}: The um…
Published	09/03/2024	The placenta is created from both fetal and maternal components.Fetal components: {{c1::Trophoblast}} and {{c1::extraembryonic mesoderm}} (which lines…
Published	09/03/2024	Two distinct parts of the chorionic cavity form:{{c1::Chorion frondosum}}: The bushy chorion, or the villi at the embryonic pole (closest to the embry…
Published	09/03/2024	Fusion of the {{c1::chorion frondosum}} and {{c1::decidua basalis}} forms the {{c4::placenta}}.Fusion of the {{c2::chorion laeve}} and {{c2::decidua c…
Published	09/03/2024	The {{c1::umbilical cord}} is the connection from the fetus to the placenta.The primitive umbilical ring ({{c2::5th}} week of life) contains three thi…
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Fetal hydrops}} occurs when fluid builds up in two or more body cavities
Published	09/03/2024	At 10 weeks, the {{c1::amniotic cavity}} enlarges and envelops the connection and yolk sac stalks, forming the primitive umbilical cord.From {{c5::10}…
Published	09/03/2024	At birth, the umbilical cord contains:{{c1::Two umbilical arteries}}{{c2::One umbilical vein}}{{c3::Wharton’s jelly}}{{c4::Amniotic epithelium}}
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Dizygotic (fraternal)}} twins result from two oocytes fertilized by different sperm.Two chorionic cavitiesSeparate fetal membranes90% of twins
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Monozygotic (identical)}} twins result from one oocyte.Can have one or two chorionic cavities.May have one or two amniotic cavities.If the split…
Published	09/03/2024	The {{c1::mesoderm}} differentiates into three types:{{c2::Paraxial mesoderm}}: Lateral edge of primitive node and cranial end of primitive strea…
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