Notes in 06RenalFunctionTests

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Published	07/30/2024	Kidney biopsies are taken from the renal {{c1::cortex}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Peritubular capillaries}} supply nutrients to the renal tubules
Published	07/30/2024	The nephron is composed of a {{c1::renal corpuscle}} and {{c1::renal tubule}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Juxtglomerular}} nephrons concentrates urine
Published	07/30/2024	The loop of henle begins and ends in the {{c1::cortex}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal range of GFR:{{c1::115–125 mL/min}}
Published	07/30/2024	Last barrier in the glomerular filtration membrane{{c1::Slit diaphragm}}
Published	07/30/2024	What portion of renal tubule increases the osmolarity of the renal medulla?{{c1::Ascending loop of Henle}}
Published	07/30/2024	Renal tubular concentration occurs in the {{c1::ascending and descending loops of Henle::nephron part}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The kidneys adjust by concentration or diluting urine according to the current water balance of the patient. {{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Medications bound to plasma protein are {{c1::secreted}} by the nephrons
Published	07/30/2024	At the end of Henle's loop, ~{{c1::85}}% of tubular reabsorption of H2O and Na+ is complete
Published	07/30/2024	prerenal azotemia can also be result of {{c1::increased protein breakdown}}
Published	07/30/2024	BUN:creatinine ratio in postrenal azotemia BUN: {{c1::normal}}Creatinine: {{c1::increased}} Ratio: {{c1::increased}}
Published	07/30/2024	renal azotemia is a result of {{c1::intrinsic renal disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	postrenal azotemia is a result of {{c1::obstruction}}
Published	07/30/2024	Conversion constants: BUN to urea: {{c1::2.14}}Urea to BUN: {{c2::0.467}}BUN (mg/dL) to BUN (mmol/L): {{c3::0.357}}
Published	07/30/2024	Reference range of plasma urea{{c1::6–20}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	In measuring urea, anticoagulants with {{c1::citrate}} or {{c1::fluoride}} should not be used in specimen collection
Published	07/30/2024	In measuring creatinine, anticoagulants with {{c1::fluoride}} or {{c1::ammonium heparin}} should not be used in specimen collectio…
Published	07/30/2024	Creatinine clearance is an estimate to {{c1::GFR}}
Published	07/30/2024	Creatinine clearance {{c1::over}}-estimates GFR
Published	07/30/2024	Normal rate of creatinine production{{c1::10–15}} mg/kg/day
Published	07/30/2024	In Jaffe method, creatinine is reacted with {{c1::picric acid}} under {{c1::basic::pH}} conditions to produce an {{c2::orange-red::color}} compound
Published	07/30/2024	Reference range of serum creatinine via Jaffe method Males: {{c1::0.9–1.3}} mg/dLFemales: {{c1::0.6–1.1}} mg/dLChildren: {{c2::0.3–0.7}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	Arrange methods of measuring urea in decreasing order of references ranges{{c1::Jaffe}} > {{c1::Enzymatic}} > {{c1::IDMS}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serum uric acid can be measured by reacting it with {{c1::phosphotungstatic acid}} in {{c1::basic::pH}} conditions to produce {{c2::tungst…
Published	07/30/2024	The liver breaks down {{c1::purines}} into uric acid
Published	07/30/2024	Uric acid elimination from the blood is regulated by the kidneys through {{c1::glomerular filtration and secretion::2 renal processes}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Reference range of uric acid in phosphotungstate method Male: {{c1::4.2–8.0}} mg/dLFemale: {{c2::3.5–7.3}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	Reference range of uric acid in uricase method Male: {{c1::3.5–7.2}} mg/dLFemale: {{c2::2.6–6.0}} mg/dL
Published	07/30/2024	Specimen for ammonia is commonly {{c1::EDTA::anticoagulant}} or {{c1::(lithium) heparinized::anticoagulant}} plasma that is free from hemolysis. …
Published	07/30/2024	Reference range venous serum ammoniaMale: {{c1::15-45}} mu/dL venous
Published	07/30/2024	Serum ammonia can be measaured spectophotometrically by using the enzyme {{c1::GLDH}}
Published	07/30/2024	GFR can also be estimated using the {{c1::MDRD}} formula which requires only serum creatinine. Results are reported in numerals when values are &…
Published	07/30/2024	Reference range of creatinine clearance Male: {{c1::105 }}± 20 mL/min/1.73m2Female: {{c1::95}} ± 20 mL/min/1.73m2
Published	07/30/2024	What is formula for creatinine clearance?{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	What urine specimen is appropriate for creatinine clearance?{{c1::24-hour timed urine specimen}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cystatin C}} is a substance produced by all nucleated cells and can be used to estimate GFR
Published	07/30/2024	Renal concentrating ability is measured using what tubular reabsorption tests?{{c1::1.Osmolality2. Specific Gravity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diabetes Insipidus is assessed using what tubular reabsorption test?{{c1::Free water clearance}}
Published	07/30/2024	Acid-base disorders can be assesed by using what tubular secretion tests?{{c1::1. Titrable acidity2. Urinary ammonia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diabetes Mellitus is assessed using what tubular reabsorption test?{{c1::Osmolar clearance}}
Published	07/30/2024	Measuring urea via the calorimetric method can be done by reacting urea with {{c1::diacetyl monoxime}} to produce {{c1::diazine}} (a yellow …
Published	07/30/2024	Serum ammonia can be measured potentiometrically by detecting {{c1::pH change}} via {{c1::Ion selective method::method}}
Published	07/30/2024	What renal cause may lead to a decreased BUN:creatinine ratio{{c1::Acute tubular necrosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Aldosterone causes {{c1::secretion::process}} of H+ and K+ and {{c1::absorption::process}} of Na+ and Cl into the filtrate at the dista…
Published	07/30/2024	Measuring urea via the urease method can be done by measuring {{c1::NH4+ conductivity}} or by measuring {{c2::produced H2O2}} (Berthelot rea…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values RPF: {{c1::600–700}} mL/minRBF: {{c1::1200}} mL/min
Published	07/30/2024	Layers of the glomerular filtration barrier {{c1::1. Endothelium2. Basement membrane3. Visceral epithelium*::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Non-protein nitrogenous compounds in the blood: {{c1::no answer}} :)
Published	07/30/2024	prerenal azotemia is the result of {{c1::poor perfusion or increased protein breakdown}}
Published	07/30/2024	BUN:creatinine ratio in renal azotemia BUN: {{c1::increased}}Creatinine: {{c1::increased}} Ratio: {{c1::normal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Normal BUN:creatinine ratio{{c1::10:1 – 20:1}}
Published	07/30/2024	BUN:creatinine ratio in prerenal azotemia BUN: {{c1::increased}}Creatinine: {{c1::normal}} Ratio: {{c1::increased}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serum creatinine can be measured spectrophotometrically using the enzymes {{c1::creatininase}}, {{c1::creatinase}}, {{c1::creatinine deaminase}}
Published	07/30/2024	Serum uric acid can be masured by using the enzyme {{c1::uricase}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBF (renal blood flow) is measured by using what tubular secretion test?{{c1::PAH (para-aminohippuric acid)}}
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