Notes in Connective Tissue

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Published	09/03/2024	Connective Tissue has three structural properties:{{c1:: • Tensile strength to resist pulling, stretching and tearing. • Elasticity to facilitate retu…
Published	09/03/2024	Volume in connective tissue is provided by {{c1::glycoproteins and complex carbohydrates with water-binding ability. Form a wet gel known as ground su…
Published	09/03/2024	Elasticity in connective tissue provided {{c1::mostly by specialized elastin fibrils which function like rubber.}}
Published	09/03/2024	Tensile strength provided by {{c1::strong fibers of structural proteins from the collagen family}}
Published	09/03/2024	Fibroblasts/Fibrocytes: {{c1::Synthesize & maintain proteinaceous ground substance & connective tissue fibers (collagen, elastin, & reticu…
Published	09/03/2024	Fibroblasts/Fibrocytes— {{c1::pointed, elongate, spindle-shaped cells::shape}}
Published	09/03/2024	Fibroblasts with contractile ability called {{c1::myofibroblasts}}
Published	09/03/2024	Reticular cells—(reticulum cells)—{{c1::of lymph nodes & bone marrow; a type of modified fibroblast::found where, are what type of cell?}}
Published	09/03/2024	Reticular cells{{c1::synthesize reticular fibers (made of reticulin)::fxn}}
Published	09/03/2024	Adipocytes—{{c1::responsible for storage & metabolism of lipids.::fxn}}
Published	09/03/2024	Defense cells in supporting tissue have 2 categories: {{c1::fixed (intrinsic) cells and wandering (extrinsic) cells}}
Published	09/03/2024	intrinsic defense cells of supporting tissue are{{c1::- tissue-fixed macrophages (histiocytes)- mast cells}}
Published	09/03/2024	Wandering category of defense and immune cells includes: {{c1::all the members of the white blood cell/leukocyte series EXCEPT macrophages (histi…
Published	09/03/2024	Macrophages form from {{c1::monocytes::what cell?}}, which themselves derive from {{c1::bone marrow::where?}}
Published	09/03/2024	Macrophage formation:1. {{c1::Monocytes circulate through the blood for one to three days}}2. {{c1::Migrate into tissues}} 3. {{c1::Become macrophages…
Published	09/03/2024	Besides phagocytosis, they play a critical role in {{c1::innate immunity and adaptive immunity by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes.::…
Published	09/03/2024	Mast cells are found in {{c1::all supporting tissues}} but {{c1::more prevalent in the skin, gastrointestinal lining, the serosal lining of the perito…
Published	09/03/2024	Mast cell degranulation releases {{c1::histamine and other vasoactive mediators}} inducing {{c1::immediate hypersensitivity characteristic of allergic…
Published	09/03/2024	Characteristic feature of mast cells is an {{c1::extensive cytoplasm packed with large granules.}}
Published	09/03/2024	Fibers of connective tissue:{{c1::- Collagen- Elastic fibers- Reticular fibers}}
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Type I}} collagen is more common ({{c1::90%::?%}})
Published	09/03/2024	Type I collagen is present in: {{c1::Loose & dense connective tissue of skin, tendons, ligaments, bone & fibrocartilage}}
Published	09/03/2024	Type II collagen is the main structural collagen in {{c1::hyaline and elastic cartilage}}. Arranged in a meshwork with high qty of {{c1::proteoglycans…
Published	09/03/2024	Type III collagen: {{c1::Reticulin fibers; thin, branching, net-like fibers::composed of?}}, {{c1::structural support in organs::fxn}}, {{c1::(e.g., l…
Published	09/03/2024	Type IV collagen—found in {{c1::basement membrane}}; doesn’t {{c1::form fibers}}
Published	09/03/2024	Type VII – {{c1::special anchoring fibrils that link extracellular matrix to basement membrane::fxn}}
Published	09/03/2024	Stages of collagen synthesis:{{c1::1.Initially synthesized as procollagen, composed of three alpha-polypeptide chains, form triple helix 300 nm long a…
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Fibrillin & fibronectin::2}} are structural glycoproteins—{{c1::large polypeptides with branched polysaccharide side chains::structural char…
Published	09/03/2024	Fibronectin found in {{c1::basement membrane}}; aids {{c1::in adhesion between cell membrane & extracellular matrix}} via {{c1::integrins}}
Published	09/03/2024	Laminin—{{c1::sulfated glycoprotein::what?}}; {{c1::major component of basement membrane::where?}}; produced by {{c1::most epithelial & endothelia…
Published	09/03/2024	entactin—{{c1::sulfated glycoprotein::what?}}; binds with {{c1::laminin}}
Published	09/03/2024	tenascin—{{c1::glycoprotein, binds cells to extracellular matrix, thought to be important in cell migration in developing nervous system::fxn}}
Published	09/03/2024	Components of elastic fibers: {{c1::elastin & fibrillin::2}}
Published	09/03/2024	Affected protein in Marfan's syndrome: {{c1::fibrillin-1}}
Published	09/03/2024	What is Marfan's syndrome? {{c1::Autosomal dominant condition resulting inabnormal elastic fibers}}
Published	09/03/2024	Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), {{c1::also known as mucopolysaccharides (MPS), are negatively-charged polysaccharide compounds::what?}}, present in {{c1::e…
Published	09/03/2024	Types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs):{{c1::• hyaluronic acid—found in most connective tissue • chondroitin sulfate—found in cartilage & bone • kerat…
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Hyaluronic acid}} is predominant GAG in loose connective tissue
Published	09/03/2024	Hyaluronic acid {{c1::lacks::has/doesn't have}} sulfated side groups
Published	09/03/2024	Hyaluronic acid is {{c1::several thousand}} sugars long
Published	09/03/2024	Hyaluronate {{c1::does not::does/does not}} form proteoglycans itself, but {{c1::can::can/can't}} bind with them
Published	09/03/2024	Pathogenic bacteria produce {{c1::hyaluronidase}} to destroy hyaluronate & facilitate their spread
Published	09/03/2024	Mesenchymal cells are {{c1::relatively unspecialized::facultative dividers/terminally differentiated/unspecialized}} and are capable of {{c1::differen…
Published	09/03/2024	Types of dense CT:{{c1::- dense regular- dense irregular}}
Published	09/03/2024	Dense regular connective tissue has the collagen fibers {{c1::aligned parallel to each other::in what orientation?}}. This arrangement provides the ti…
Published	09/03/2024	Dense irregular connective tissue has collagen fibers, {{c1::randomly interwoven forming a 3D network::in what orientation?}} resistant to {{c1::multi…
Published	09/03/2024	Reticular CT: Produced by {{c1::reticular cells (modified fibroblasts)}}
Published	09/03/2024	reticulum: {{c1::reticular fibers arranged in an interlaced network}}
Published	09/03/2024	Reticular tissue supports the {{c1::stroma of body organs}}, especially {{c1::lymphoid}}
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Loose}} connective tissue is the most widely distributed type of connective tissue, found {{c1::in the lining of the body's inner surfaces}}
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