Notes in EEG+

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	04/01/2024	What are triphasic waves indicative of? {{c1::Metabolic encephalopathy}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does focal polymorphic slowing suggest? {{c1::Suggests the presence of an underlying abnormality such as tumor, bleed, or stroke.}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does FIRDA suggest? {{c1::Suggests nonspecific and diffuse dysfunction.}}
Published	04/01/2024	What can cause breach artifact? {{c1::Breach artifact is seen as a higher amplitude, spiky activity over a region of prior brain surgery, often with s…
Published	04/01/2024	What are some etiologies of attenuation? {{c1::Attenuation has multiple etiologies including hematomas, strokes, and even seizures or interictal activ…
Published	04/01/2024	What does discontinuity indicate? {{c1::Discontinuity is seen as intermittent attenuation and is a sign of severe generalized slowing.}}
Published	04/01/2024	{{c1::Excess beta activity::EEG finding}} is a consequence of benzodiazepine or barbiturate use, and is abnormal but benign.
Published	04/01/2024	What do lambda waves look like and when are they seen? {{c1::Similar to POSTS but awake version, bilateral occipital sharply contoured waves; seen whe…
Published	04/01/2024	How do BETS a.k.a. Small Sharp Spikes (SSS) differ from epileptiform discharges? {{c1::BETS are low amplitude (<50µV) and brief, normal in sle…
Published	04/01/2024	What is the requirement for generalized discharges to be considered as such? {{c1::Should have the same time of onset in all leads}}
Published	04/01/2024	How many cycles do periodic and rhythmic patterns require by ACNS criteria? {{c1::6 cycles}}
Published	04/01/2024	Are lateralized periodic discharges almost always epileptogenic? {{c1::Yes, almost always epileptogenic, often with a structural correlate}}
Published	04/01/2024	Which patterns are epileptiform, TIRDA, OIRDA, or generalized/frontal intermittent rhythmic delta (can choose multiple)? {{c1::TIRDA and OIRDA ar…
Published	04/01/2024	What conditions is paroxysmal fast activity associated with? {{c1::LGS or primary generalized epilepsy, is a component of tonic seizures}}
Published	04/01/2024	How is photoparoxysmal response defined on EEG? {{c1::Consistent emergence of discharges at a certain frequency of photic stimulation}}
Published	04/01/2024	What is the cause of excess beta activity on EEG? {{c1::Benzodiazepine or barbiturate use, abnormal but benign}}
Published	04/01/2024	What is a normal AP gradient like? {{c1::Faster in the front and slower in the back}}
Published	04/01/2024	What are the characteristics of a normal PDR? {{c2::8.5 - 12::___ to ___}} Hz, symmetric in {{c1::frequency and amplitude::2 things}}
Published	04/01/2024	What should an awake tracing show evidence of? {{c1::Second-to-second variability and reactivity}}
Published	04/01/2024	How is drowsiness observed in a tracing? {{c1::Diffuse slowing, attenuation, and emergence of slow roving lateral eye movements}}
Published	04/01/2024	What are the provocations for EEG? {{c1::Hyperventilation (can cause generalized slowing) and photic stimulation (can cause photic driving)}}
Published	04/01/2024	How is REM sleep characterized? {{c1::diffuse attenuation of activity with lateral eye movements in the frontal leads}}
Published	04/01/2024	What is mu rhythm representative of? {{c1::the idling activity of the sensorimotor cortex}}
Published	04/01/2024	Are interictal discharges a replacement for actual seizure capture on EEG? {{c1::No, they do not replace actual seizure capture}}
Published	04/01/2024	What are triphasic waves indicative of on EEG? {{c1::Metabolic encephalopathy}}
Published	04/01/2024	What can cause falsely localizing interictal discharges? {{c1::Interhemispheric, inferior frontal, and mesial frontal discharges}}
Published	04/01/2024	What are 14 and 6 positive spikes? {{c1::1-2::__ to __}} sec runs of bisynchronous activity, seen more when drowsy in {{c2::younger::younger or older}…
Published	04/01/2024	What are the four phases of sleep? {{c1::stage I, stage II, slow wave sleep, rapid eye movement (REM)}}
Published	04/01/2024	What characterizes Stage I sleep? {{c1::Central vertex waves, Lateral Eye movements, and positive occipital sharp transients of sleep (POSTS)::}}
Published	04/01/2024	What marks Stage II sleep? {{c1::sleep spindles and K complexes::2 things}}
Published	04/01/2024	What characterizes Slow wave sleep? {{c1::diffuse, synchronized delta activity}}
Published	04/01/2024	How is discontinuity seen on EEG? {{c1::Intermittent attenuation, sign of severe generalized slowing}}
Published	04/01/2024	What do spikes (20-70ms) and sharps (70-200ms) often have during the neurons' refractory period? {{c1::An aftergoing slow wave}}
Published	04/01/2024	What must epileptiform discharges have to be considered as such? Field with {{c1::disruption of the background}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does mild generalized slowing show on EEG? {{c1::Slow PDR and poor AP gradient::2 things}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does focal polymorphic slowing suggest the presence of? {{c1::A structural brain lesion such as a tumor, stroke, or other focal brain injury.}}
Published	04/01/2024	What is the significance of FIRDA on EEG? {{c1::Nonspecific and diffuse dysfunction}}
Published	04/01/2024	What does breach artifact look like on EEG? {{c1::Higher amplitude, spiky activity over a region of prior brain surgery, often with slowing}}
Published	04/01/2024	What are the multiple etiologies of attenuation on EEG? {{c1::Hematomas, strokes, seizures, interictal activity}}
Published	04/01/2024	Which specific types of discharges are epileptiform patterns? {{c1::TIRDA and OIRDA::2 types of discharges}}
Published	04/01/2024	What is the association of paroxysmal fast activity? {{c1::LGS or primary generalized epilepsy, and a component of tonic seizures}}
Published	04/01/2024	How is photoparoxysmal response defined? {{c1::Consistent emergence of discharges at a certain frequency of photic stimulation}}
Published	04/01/2024	What is the duration range for spikes in neurons? {{c1::20-70::__ to __}} ms
Published	04/01/2024	What is the duration range for sharps in neurons? {{c1::70-200::__ to __}} ms
Published	04/01/2024	What can cause falsely localizing interictals? {{c1::Interhemispheric, inferior frontal, and mesial frontal discharges}}
Published	04/01/2024	What do lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs / PLEDs) indicate? {{c1::Epileptogenic activity, often with a structural correlate}}
Status	Last Update	Fields