Notes in MCPAP::Didactic - P2::Clin Med 1::Exam 1

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Published	09/10/2024	The {{c1::DSM-5}} serves to guide all psychiatric diagnosing
Published	09/10/2024	For a diagnosis to fit DSM-5 criteria, the condition must not be cause by the effects of {{c1::drugs}}, a {{c1::medical condition}}, and cause {{c2::s…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::CBT}} : {{c2::Attempts to modify the patterns of thinking that are believed to contribute to a patient’s problems as well as employing principle…
Published	09/10/2024	Cognitive Therapy aims to reduce psychological distress by correcting {{c1::faulty interpretations of reality}}
Published	09/10/2024	ABCs of CBTA:  {{c1::Activating event or experience}} B:  {{c1::Automatic thoughts about the event}} C: {{c1::Consequences}}
Published	09/10/2024	What kind of thoughts are typically addressed first in CBT?{{c1::Automatic}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Systematic Desensitization}} : {{c2::Treatment of phobias by creating a fear hierarchy through repeated exposure }}
Published	09/10/2024	What are the 5 stages of change?{{c1::PrecontemplationContemplationPreperationActionMaintenance}}
Published	09/10/2024	Stages of Change {{c1::Precontemplation}} : Not yet considering change; unwilling or unable to change
Published	09/10/2024	Stages of Change{{c1::Contemplation}} : Acknowledges concerns and is considering the possibility of change, but is ambivalent and uncertain.
Published	09/10/2024	Stage of Change {{c1::Preparation}} : Committed to and planning to make a change in the near future, but is still considering what to do.
Published	09/10/2024	Stages of Change {{c1::Action}} : Actively taking steps to make change
Published	09/10/2024	Stages of Change {{c1::Maintenance}} : Maintaining the change
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Tolerance}} : {{c2::The same dose no longer gives the expected or sought after effects}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Withdrawl}} : {{c2::there is physiological illness despite the drug not being used}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Substance Use Disorder}} : {{c2::symptoms resulting from the use of a substance that you continue to take, despite experiencing problems as…
Published	09/10/2024	SBIRT approach for SUD - {{c1::Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment}}
Published	09/10/2024	MOABuprenorphine - {{c1::partial agonist of Mu receptor}}
Published	09/10/2024	MOAMethadone : {{c1::long acting, full agonist of Mu receptor}}
Published	09/10/2024	Potential cardiovascular complication with Methadone: {{c1::Risk for QT prolongation}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c3::Naltrexone}} is a antagonist of {{c1::Mu receptor}} and is used as a maintenance therapy for {{c2::OUD}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Synthetic}} cannabinoids are full agonists at the {{c1::CBD receptor}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Somatic Symptom Disorder}} : {{c2::Chronic condition of physical complaints that cannot be explained by medical condition of work-up}}
Published	09/10/2024	Treatment for Somatic Symptom Disorder (2){{c2::{{c1::Stress Reduction}}Improve general function}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Somatic Symptom Disorder, Pain Identifier}} : {{c2::Pain reported in 1 or more areas without an identifiable cause}}
Published	09/10/2024	The {{c1::DSM-5}} serves to guide all psychiatric diagnosing
Published	09/10/2024	Socially or culturally expected responses are not considered {{c1::mental illness}}
Published	09/10/2024	Deviant behavior resulting from conflict between individuals and society are not considered {{c1::mental illness}}
Published	09/10/2024	In {{c2::somatic symptom disorder (Pain Specifier)}}, the pts symptoms are not produced {{c1::intentionally}}, but the pts do not realize their sympto…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Illness Anxiety disorder}} : Preoccupation with belief of {{c1::having or fear of contracting a serious illness}}
Published	09/10/2024	The symptoms of Illness Anxiety disorder must persist for {{c1::6}} months
Published	09/10/2024	Pts experiencing Illness Anxiety Disorder usually do not have any {{c1::somatic complaints/symptoms}}
Published	09/10/2024	Illness Anxiety Disorder typically presents in {{c2::early-middle}} adulthood, with an onset often between the ages of {{c1::20-30}} years.
Published	09/10/2024	Illness Anxiety Disorder often coexists with other mental health conditions, such as {{c1::anxiety}} and {{c1::depression}}
Published	09/10/2024	Symptoms of Illness Anxiety Disorder are often exacerbated by {{c1::stress}}
Published	09/10/2024	Patients with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder often display a lack of concern or {{c1::indifference}} towards their symptoms.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder}} : {{c2::One or more neurologic complaints (voluntary motor orsensory) that cannot be explained}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder}} often follows a {{c1::catastrophic}} event.
Published	09/10/2024	The symptoms of Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder are {{c1::not intentionally}} produced.
Published	09/10/2024	The most common symptoms of Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder include {{c1::shifting paralysis}}, {{c2::blindness}}, and {{c3::mutism.}}
Published	09/10/2024	A {{c1::complete neurological}} exam is necessary before referring a patient with Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder for psychotherapy.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Malingering Disorder}} involves the deliberate falsification of physical or psychological symptoms for {{c1::secondary gain.}}
Published	09/10/2024	Malingering Disorder {{c1:: is NOT}} (is/is not) considered a mental illness.
Published	09/10/2024	Patients may malinger to receive {{c2::monetary}} compensation, a free hospital room, or to obtain {{c1::drugs}}.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c3::Malingering Disorder}} is characterized by vague, poorly defined complaints that appear to cause {{c1::great distress}} or {{c2::impair function…
Published	09/10/2024	Symptoms of {{c3::Malingering}} Disorder typically improve once the {{c1::objective}} is met or the patient is {{c2::exposed.}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Factitious Disorder}} involves the faking of medical or psychiatric signs/symptoms to assume the {{c2::sick role}}, known as primary gain.
Published	09/10/2024	Unlike Malingering, patients with Factitious Disorder are NOT looking for {{c1::external rewards}}.
Published	09/10/2024	Factitious Disorder typically has an onset in {{c1::early}} adulthood and is associated with a {{c2::poor}} prognosis.
Published	09/10/2024	Patients with {{c2::Factitious Disorder}} often seek admission under different {{c1::names}} with different {{c3::illnesses}}.
Published	09/10/2024	Factitious Disorder is divided into two types: Factitious Disorder imposed on {{c1::self}} ({{c3::Munchausen}} Syndrome) and Factitious Disorder impos…
Published	09/10/2024	Factitious Disorder imposed on another is a form of {{c1::child}} or {{c1::elder}} abuse.
Published	09/10/2024	A key clinical sign of Factitious Disorder is {{c1::deception}}, often involving self-induced symptoms or falsified physical or lab findings
Published	09/10/2024	Patients with {{c4::Factitious}} Disorder may self-induce symptoms such as {{c3::self-mutilation}}, fever, hemorrhage, {{c2::hypoglycemia}}, or {{c1::…
Published	09/10/2024	Individuals with Factitious Disorder are often familiar with the disease process and may {{c2::exaggerate}} or {{c2::dramatize}} their symptoms, willi…
Published	09/10/2024	Early recognition of Factitious Disorder is crucial to avoid unnecessary {{c1::procedures}}.
Published	09/10/2024	When confronted about their condition, patients with Factitious Disorder often become {{c1::agressive}} and may leave {{c2::AMA}}
Published	09/10/2024	Treatment for {{c3::Factitious}} Disorder includes psychotherapy, {{c1::SSRIs}} (for mood symptoms), and involvement of {{c2::child/adult protective s…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Dissociative Disorders}} are characterized as a {{c1::loss or impaired sense of “self”}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Dissociative Identity}} Disorder is characterized by the alternation between two or more distinctly different {{c1::personality}}&nbsp…
Published	09/10/2024	In extreme cases of Dissociative Identity Disorder, the {{c1::host}} personality is often unaware of the alternating personalities
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Depersonalization/Derealization}} Disorder is often described as an "{{c1::out of body}}" experience.
Published	09/10/2024	Patients with Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder retain awareness that their feelings of detachment are not {{c1::reality}}
Published	09/10/2024	Dissociative Amnesia is typically secondary to {{c2::abuse}}, {{c1::stress}}, or {{c3::trauma}}.
Published	09/10/2024	Dissociative Amnesia can occur abruptly or {{c1::gradually}} and may last from minutes to {{c2::years}}.
Published	09/10/2024	A potential complication of Dissociative Amnesia is {{c1::Dissociative fugue}}, which involves an {{c2::abrupt change in geographical location with lo…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Impulsive}} Disorders are characterized by the inability to resist the urge to do something harmful to {{c1::themselves}} or {{c1::…
Published	09/10/2024	Impulsive Disorders are not {{c2::rare}} and have a high rate of comorbidity with addiction and mood disorders like {{c1::ADHD}}.
Published	09/10/2024	The prevalence of Impulsive Disorders is approximately {{c1::8.9}}%.
Published	09/10/2024	The {{c2::first}} phase of Impulsive Disorders involves increasing {{c1::tension}} before committing the act.
Published	09/10/2024	During the act in Impulsive Disorders, the individual experiences {{c1::pleasure}}, relief, or satisfaction
Published	09/10/2024	After committing the act in Impulsive Disorders, the individual often feels {{c1::guilt}} or {{c1::regret}}.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Intermittent Explosive}} Disorder is characterized by several discrete episodes of failure to resist {{c2::aggressive}} impulses.
Published	09/10/2024	The aggressive impulses in Intermittent Explosive Disorder can manifest as verbal or physical aggression toward {{c1::property}}, {{c2::animals}}, or …
Published	09/10/2024	The onset of Intermittent Explosive Disorder typically occurs in {{c1::adolescence}} or young adulthood, and many grow out of it by age {{c2::30}}.
Published	09/10/2024	Diagnosis of Intermittent Explosive Disorder is based on {{c1::impulsivity}}/anger, causing distress or impairment in {{c2::work}}/{{c3::personal life…
Published	09/10/2024	People who experienced {{c1::trauma}} as children or adolescents are at greater risk for developing Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Pyromania}} is characterized by the deliberate and purposeful setting of {{c1::fires}}.
Published	09/10/2024	Individuals with {{c1::Pyromania}} have an unusual interest in {{c2::fire}}, with {{c3::90}}% being male and a peak onset at age {{c4::13}}.
Published	09/10/2024	A physical exam for Pyromania should include screening for {{c1::suicidal}} behavior.
Published	09/10/2024	Treatment for Pyromania includes {{c1::CBT}}, which helps individuals become aware of their feelings and tensions and find healthy ways to cope.
Published	09/10/2024	Early intervention and aggressive treatment of comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as {{c1::bipolar disorder}} or {{c2::schizophrenia}}, are crucial …
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Kleptomania}} is characterized by a recurrent failure to resist the impulse to {{c1::steal}} objects that are not needed.
Published	09/10/2024	The objects stolen in Kleptomania are not usually for personal use or {{c1::monetary}} value, but just because they want to {{c2::steal}}.
Published	09/10/2024	Women are {{c1::three}} times more likely than men to have Kleptomania, and it often begins in the {{c2::teenage}} years.
Published	09/10/2024	Pharmacological Treatments for Kleptomania include {{c1::SSRIs}} and {{c2::Lithium}}.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Oppositional Defiant Disorder}} is characterized by children being defiant towards {{c2::authority}} without associated physical aggression, vio…
Published	09/10/2024	ODD has a high comorbidity with {{c1::ADHD}}, mood disorders, and substance abuse.
Published	09/10/2024	ODD typically begins before the age of {{c1::8}} and is more common in {{c2::males}} than {{c2::females}}.
Published	09/10/2024	Approximately 25% of children diagnosed with ODD can progress to {{c1::conduct}} disorder.
Published	09/10/2024	ODD symptoms include a negative, hostile, defiant behavior lasting for at least {{c1::6}} months.
Published	09/10/2024	Individuals with ODD must display at least {{c1::4}} of the following symptoms: {{c2::frequent loss of temper}}{{c3::easily annoyed}}{{c4::argumentati…
Published	09/10/2024	For a diagnosis of ODD, the behaviors must occur with at least one individual who is not the person's {{c1::sibling}}.
Published	09/10/2024	For children aged 5 and older, the ODD symptoms must occur at least once per {{c1::week}} for at least 6 months.
Published	09/10/2024	Treatments for ODD include a combination of therapy and training for the child and {{c1::training for parents}}.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c3::Conduct Disorder}} involves a persistent pattern of behaviors that deviate sharply from {{c2::age-appropriate}} norms and {{c1::violate the righ…
Published	09/10/2024	Conduct Disorder is more likely in {{c1::boys}} than {{c1::girls}} and has a high comorbidity with ADHD, {{c2::learning disabilities}}, mood disorders…
Published	09/10/2024	Individuals with Conduct Disorder often {{c1::lack remorse}} for their actions and may downplay or deny their behaviors.
Published	09/10/2024	Conduct Disorder is more serious than ODD and may progress to {{c1::antisocial personality}} disorder in adults.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Anorexia Nervosa}} is characterized by a distorted body image and an intense fear of {{c1::becoming fat}}
Published	09/10/2024	One of the hallmark features of Anorexia Nervosa is failure to maintain a {{c1::normal body weight}}.
Published	09/10/2024	Anorexia Nervosa predominantly affects young adults aged {{c1::14-18}} years and is mostly found in {{c2::females}}.
Published	09/10/2024	Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa focuses on the {{c1::gradual restoration}} of normal body weight and the resolution of psychological difficulties, ofte…
Published	09/10/2024	A critical aspect of medical stabilization for Anorexia Nervosa includes avoiding the use of {{c1::Wellbutrin}} ({{c2::bupropion}}), which can exacerb…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c3::Bulimia Nervosa}} is characterized by uncontrolled episodes of {{c1::binge eating}} followed by inappropriate {{c2::compensatory}} behaviors to …
Published	09/10/2024	The primary pharmacologic treatment approved for Bulimia Nervosa is {{c1::SSRIs}}, specifically {{c2::Prozac}}, while {{c3::Wellbutrin}} should be avo…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Russell's Sign}} is characterized as {{c2::calloused fingers and abraded knuckles}} from stimulating purging in pts with Bulimia Nervosa
Published	09/10/2024	The use of {{c2::diuretics and laxatives}} in Bulimia Nervosa can lead to dehydration, constipation, hemorrhoids, and {{c1::electrolyte}} abnormalitie…
Published	09/10/2024	Physical signs of purging in Bulimia Nervosa include poor {{c2::dentition}}, calloused fingers, pharyngitis, esophagitis, and {{c1::Mallory Weiss}} te…
Published	09/10/2024	Patients with Bulimia Nervosa often feel {{c1::distress}} and {{c2::guilty}} about their symptoms.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Binge Eating Disorder}} is characterized by a loss of control over eating behavior, {{c1::without}} any attempt to purge or fixation over body i…
Published	09/10/2024	Binge Eating Disorder is often triggered by {{c1::stress}} and causes severe distress.
Published	09/10/2024	Common signs of {{c3::Binge Eating}} Disorder include eating faster than normal, eating until feeling {{c1::uncomfortably full}}, and eating excessive…
Published	09/10/2024	Individuals with Binge Eating Disorder may choose to eat {{c1::alone}} due to feelings of embarrassment about their eating behavior.
Published	09/10/2024	Treatment options for Binge Eating Disorder include a strict {{c2::diet}} and {{c2::exercise}} plan, {{c1::psychotherapy}}, pharmacology, and in some …
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)}} is characterized by a lack of interest in eating and a failure to meet {{c1::nutritional/ene…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c3::Pica}} involves the persistent eating of {{c4::non-nutritive substances}} for at least {{c1::one}} month(s), which is inappropriate for the indi…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c3::Rumination}} Disorder involves the repeated {{c1::regurgitation}} of food for a period of at least {{c2::one}} month.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Bereavement}} : {{c2::situation in which a loved one has died}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Grief}} = {{c2::survivor/mourner’s response to the loss}}
Published	09/10/2024	To meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, the symptoms must impair functioning and be present for more than {{c1::one}} month.
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::PTSD}} : {{c2::Reexperiencing a traumatic event and subsequent avoidance of events associated with the trauma}}
Published	09/10/2024	Effective pharmacotherapeutic treatments for PTSD include {{c5::SSRIs}} such as {{c4::sertraline}} ({{c3::Zoloft}}) and {{c1::paroxetine}} {{c2::(Paxi…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Children}} may respond differently to death, including intially showing {{c1::minimal}} reaction or unusal behavior
Published	09/10/2024	Symptoms associated with acute grief usually begin within the first {{c2::2}} months of the loss and begin to resolve arounds {{c1::12}} months
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Prolonged Grief}} Disorder is classifed as pervasive, intense, and functionally impairing symptoms after the loss of a loved one that persist lo…
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Females}} are much more likely to experience prolonged grief disorder than {{c1::males}} are
Published	09/10/2024	{{c1::Separation distress}} – {{c2::yearning for/preoccupation with deceased}}
Published	09/10/2024	The first line psychotherapy for prolonged grief disorder is {{c1::prolonged grief disorder therapy}}
Published	09/10/2024	Pharmacotherapy for Prolonged Grief Disorder should {{c2::NOT}} be prescribed in absence of {{c1::psychotherapy}}
Published	09/10/2024	{{c2::Adjustment}} Disorder is a {{c1::stress}}-related, short-term, nonpsychotic disturbance that develops in response to a(n) particular event.
Published	09/10/2024	Women are {{c1::2}} times more likely to develop Adjustment Disorder than men.
Published	09/10/2024	Symptoms of Adjustment Disorder typically develop within {{c1::3}} months of experiencing a stressor.
Published	09/10/2024	Adjustment Disorder symptoms must not persist past {{c1::six}} months.
Published	09/10/2024	The treatment of choice for Adjustment Disorder is {{c1::psychotherapy}}, but pharmacotherapy may be used for target symptoms.
Published	09/10/2024	The symptoms for PTSD usually persist for less than {{c1::one}} month
Published	09/10/2024	Eye movement desensitization and reprocessesing therapy is a newer psychotherapy for treatment of {{c1::PTSD}}
Status	Last Update	Fields