Notes in i. Mechanisms of Cell Death

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Published	07/28/2024	Bcl-2 {{c1::inhibits}} apoptosis
Published	07/28/2024	Apaf-1 {{c1::promotes}} apoptosis
Published	07/28/2024	Caspase 9 {{c1::promotes}} apoptosis
Published	07/28/2024	Caspases are a family of {{c1::cysteine}} proteases that commit proteolytic cleavage at {{c2::aspartic acid}} residues, comprise an intracel…
Published	07/28/2024	Caspases exist in a normal process cell as {{c1::zymogens}} or {{c1::procaspases}}
Published	07/28/2024	Bax, Bid, and Bad {{c1::promote}} cyt c release from the mitochondria
Published	07/28/2024	Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL {{c1::inhibit}} cyt c release from the mitochondria
Published	07/28/2024	During the mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway to apoptosis, {{c1::cytochrome c}} is released from the nucleus which associates with {{c2::Apa…
Published	07/28/2024	What is the apoptosome?
Published	07/28/2024	Caspase 9 is activated by the {{c1::mitochondrial (intrinsic)}} pathway of apoptosis
Published	07/28/2024	Caspase 3 is activated by {{c1::Caspase 8 or 9}}
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Published	07/28/2024	What are the 3 ways extracellular survival factors inhibit apoptosis?
Published	07/28/2024	What is the role of IAPs?
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::anti-IAPs}} are released from the mitochondria when an apoptotic stimulus is received, they block {{c2::IAP}} binding to executioner {{c3::…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::TNF(alpha)}} is a {{c1::cytokine receptor}} with {{c1::both}} pro and anti apoptotic signaling. It is part of the {{c1::extrinsic}} pathway rele…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Fas ligand (FasL)}} is released by NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes and triggers death of virus infected cells, some tumor cells, and foreig…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::FasL-Fas}} signaling is seen in neuroplasticity and neuropathology which is a sign of {{c1::malfunction}} because normal FasL is released by {{c…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Caspase 8}} is the initiator caspase for caspase 3 in the {{c2::extrinsic}} pathway to apoptosis
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Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Decoy death receptors}} are homologous to DR4 and DR5 that compete with DRs for death ligand binding and are missing or have truncated {{c1::cyt…
Published	07/28/2024	Programmed necrosis is known as {{c1::necroptosis}}
Published	07/28/2024	The two major protein degradation mechanisms are the {{c1::ubiquitin-proteosome}} pathway and {{c2::autophagy}}
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Autophagy}} enables cells to survive during nutrient deprivation by providing an alternate source of nitrogen and other substrates
Published	07/28/2024	In {{c1::microautophagy}}, cytosolic components are directly taken up by the lysosome
Published	07/28/2024	In {{c1::macroautophagy}}, cytoplasmic cargo and damage organelles are delivered to the lysosome by fusion with a double membrane-bound vesicle c…
Published	07/28/2024	In {{c1::chaperone-mediated autophagy}}, targeted proteins are translocated across the lysosomal membrane in complex with chaperone proteins
Published	07/28/2024	In macroautophagy, multiple {{c1::Atg}} protein family members encourage membrane fusion
Published	07/28/2024	Autophagy can be regulated and inhibited by {{c1::PI3K-I}} and {{c2::TOR}} and activated by {{c1::PI3K-III}} along with {{c1::ATG}} proteins…
Published	07/28/2024	What are the three pathways of cell death?
Published	07/28/2024	Describe key aspects of apoptosis
Published	07/28/2024	What are the differences between apoptosis and necrosis?
Published	07/28/2024	Why was malignant melanoma previously a bad diagnosis?
Published	07/28/2024	What are the five steps in the extrinsic (death receptor) pathway to apoptosis
Published	07/28/2024	Describe the death receptor pathway and the key proteins involved
Published	07/28/2024	What are the two major apoptosis pathways and when may it be better to target one pathway or the other?
Published	07/28/2024	How is necroptosis regulated and what disease is this process relevant?
Published	07/28/2024	Describe the way autophagy can play a role in human health and disease?
Published	07/28/2024	Describe an overview of signal transduction pathways
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