Notes in Tissue Types

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Published	09/09/2023	- cell/plasma membrane made out of a double layer of {{c1::phospholipid}} molecules- {{c1::phospholipids}} have a “{{c2::head}}” made out of hydr…
Published	09/09/2023	cells and {{c1::extracellular material}} together comprise tissues that make up animal organsplasma membrane (cell membrane or {{c2::plasmal…
Published	08/28/2023	{{c1::Ribosomes}} are macromolecular machines that assemble polypeptides from amino acids on molecules of {{c2::transfer RNA (tRNA)}} in a sequence sp…
Published	09/09/2023	endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - extends from surface of nucleus throughout most of cytoplasm and encloses a series of intercommunicating channels ca…
Published	09/09/2023	Golgi apparatus/complex:- completes post{{c2::translational}} modifications of proteins produced in the RER - then packages and addresses these p…
Published	09/09/2023	Lysosomes- sites of intracellular {{c1::digestion}} and turnover of cellular components- contain many different hydrolytic enzymes - particularly abun…
Published	08/28/2023	Proteasomes- cytoplasmic and nuclear protein complexes not associated with membrane that function to {{c1::degrade}} denatured or otherwise nonfunctio…
Published	09/09/2023	Mitochondria- membrane-enclosed organelles with arrays of enzymes specialized for {{c6::aerobic}} respiration and production of adenosine triphosphate…
Published	08/28/2023	Peroxisomes- spherical organelles enclosed by a single membrane- contain {{c3::oxidases}} that oxidize substrates by removing hydrogen atoms that…
Published	09/09/2023	cytoplasmic {{c1::inclusions}} are transitory structures that are not contained by a membrane but contain accumulated metabolites or other substa…
Published	09/09/2023	tissue types:- epithelial: line all internal and external surfaces, help with protection, absorption, and secretion- connective: matrix that supports …
Published	09/09/2023	Epithelial tissues- composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells adhering strongly to one another and to a thin layer of ECM- form cellular {{c3::s…
Published	09/09/2023	Epithelial tissue junctions adhesion and communicationzonula means that the junction forms a band completely encircling each celltight/{{c7::oc…
Published	08/30/2023	Epithelial classification*based on number of cell layers and cell morphology in outer layer - {{c1::simple}} epithelia contain one cell…
Published	09/09/2023	Connective tissue- mainly composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) = different combinations of {{c2::protein fibers}} + {{c3::ground substance}}*differe…
Published	09/09/2023	cells of connective tissue: {{c8::fibroblasts}}*most common cells in connective tissue proper- {{c7::fibroblasts}} produce and maintain most of t…
Published	08/28/2023	cells of connective tissue- macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells: originate from {{c1::hematopoietic}} stem cells in bone marrow, …
Published	08/30/2023	fibers of connective tissue- elongated structures formed from proteins that polymerize after secretion from {{c1::fibroblasts}}- three main types:&nbs…
Published	08/30/2023	ground substance of ECM - a highly {{c1::hydrated}} (with much bound water), transparent, complex mixture of three major kinds of macromolecules:…
Published	09/09/2023	types of specialized connective tissue (pt. 1)loose connective tissue (aka {{c1::areolar}} tissue)→ typically contains cells, fibers, and ground …
Published	09/09/2023	types of specialized connective tissue (pt. 2)adipose tissue- connective tissue with fat-storing cells called {{c3::adipocytes}}- act as storage depot…
Published	09/09/2023	types of specialized connective tissue (pt. 3)bone- composed of calcified extracellular material, called the bone matrix, and three major cell ty…
Published	09/09/2023	types of specialized connective tissue (pt. 4)bone- all bones are lined on their internal and external surfaces by layers of connective tissue contain…
Published	09/09/2023	Nervous Tissue   - two major divisions of nervous system:→ {{c1::Central nervous system (CNS)}}: consisting of the brain and the spinal…
Published	09/09/2023	Neurons (pt.1)- cell body (aka. {{c1::perikaryon}} or {{c2::soma}}): contains nucleus and most of the cell’s organelles → serves as syntheti…
Published	09/09/2023	Neurons (pt.2)- {{c1::sensory}} neurons are afferent, receiving stimuli from receptors throughout the body- {{c2::motor}} neurons …
Published	09/09/2023	glial cells in CNS- surround both the neuronal cell bodies and processes of axons and dendrities between neurons → support neuronal survival and activ…
Published	09/09/2023	glial cells in PNS- 10x more abundant than neurons and support neuronal survival and activities (just in general, not specific to CNS or PNS){{c1…
Published	08/30/2023	Muscle tissue overview- composed of cells that optimize the universal cell property of {{c1::contractility}}→ {{c1::contraction}} is caused by sl…
Published	09/09/2023	skeletal/striated muscle- consists of muscle fibers made of bundles of very long, multinucleated cells with cross-striations- contraction: quick, forc…
Published	09/09/2023	cardiac muscle- has cross-{{c1::striations}} and is composed of elongated, often branched cells bound to one another by {{c2:: intercalated discs…
Published	08/30/2023	smooth/visceral muscle- contraction: slow, steady, {{c9::involuntary}} under influence of {{c5::autonomic}} nerves and various {{c6::hormones}}- colle…
Published	08/29/2023	{{c1::proteoasomes}} have some recycling function that lysosomes do not *both remove cellular waste
Published	08/29/2023	most common ECM fiber found in connective tissue is {{c1::collagen}}
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Status	Last Update	Fields