Notes in 09 Female genitourinary system

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Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemThe {{c1::female::male/female}} urethra is much shorter than the {{c1::male}} urethra
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemThe female urethra {{c1::is not::is/is not}} divided into discrete segments, unlike the male urethra
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemThe proximal third of the female urethra is lined by {{c1::transitional epithelium}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemThe distal portion of the female urethra is lined with {{c1::stratified squamous epithelium}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemUrethral diverticulum presents clinically with {{c1::post-void dribbling::symptoms}}, {{c1::urethral…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemUrethral diverticula are thought to arise from:1. {{c1::Glandular dilation}} caused by {{c1::inflamm…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemUrethral diverticulum appears as a(n) {{c1::periurethral cystic lesion}} on imaging and typically ar…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemUrethral diverticula {{c1::wrap}} around the urethra {{c1::circumferentially}} with a classic {{c2::…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemUrethral diverticula are prone to develop {{c1::calculi::pathology}} due to {{c1::urinary stasis::ca…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemWhat pathology can very rarely develop within an urethral diverticulum?{{c1::Adenocarcinoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemCase: {{c1::Urethral diverticulum::Diagnosis}}First image: Midline sagittal T2-weighted MR…
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Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemThe vagina is a 8-10 cm fibromuscular organ consisting of the vaginal {{c1::orifice}}, {{c1::vault}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemThe posterior fornix is covered by the peritoneum of the {{c1::rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas)…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemThe vagina is supported by the:1. {{c1::Levator ani::muscle}}2. {{c1::Transverse cervical}} ligament…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemWhat is the name of the paired anterior glands on either side of the urethral opening?{{c1::Parauret…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemThe paraurethral glands of Skene are homologous to the {{c1::male prostate}} and {{c2::secrete mucus…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemThe Bartholin glands are {{c1::posterior paired pea-sized structures::description}} on either s…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemVagina Arterial Supply{{c1::Vaginal artery}}{{c1::Uterine artery}}{{c2::Internal pudendal artery (in…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemVagina Venous Drainage: into {{c1::internal iliac veins}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemVagina lymphatic drainage divided into thirds:The {{c1::upper}} third drains to the {{c1::external i…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemWhat is the imaging modality of choice for the distal urethra and distal vagina at the introitus?{{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemWhat may improve visualization of the distal urethra and distal vagina at the&nb…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemWhat is the name of the general category of cystic lesions around the urethra and vagina?{{c1::Periu…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemPeriurethral cysts are usually {{c1::asymptomatic}} but can become large or {{c1::infected}} and cau…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemPeriurethral cysts are often seen incidentally on {{c1::MRI}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemSkene duct cysts are retention cysts due to obstruction or inflammation of the {{c1::paraurethral du…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemSkene duct cysts are typically located {{c1::anterior, near midline}} and {{c1::below::above/below}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemSkene duct cysts on MRI shows {{c1::T2 hyperintense signal}} if uncomplicated, but hemorrhage may ca…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemGartner duct cysts are retention cysts arising from the embryologic remnants of the {{c1::…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemGartner duct cysts are found in the {{c1::anterolateral vaginal wall}}, {{c1::above::above/below}} t…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemMR and US often incidentally detect which category of vaginal retention cysts?{{c1::Gartner duct cys…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemBartholin gland cysts are retention cysts due to obstruction of the {{c1::Bartholin d…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemObstruction of the Bartholin duct (Bartholin gland cysts) results in {{c1::stenosis}}, {{c1::stone}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemBartholin gland cysts are found in the {{c1::inferior third}} of the vagina at the {{c1::poster…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemBartholin gland cysts are found {{c1::below}} the level of the pubic symphysis (associated with the …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemMRI signal characteristics of Bartholin gland cysts depend on {{c1::protein content of the cyst…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemWhat is a complication of Bartholin gland cysts that may occur?{{c1::Superinfection}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemNabothian cysts are retention cysts located at the {{c1::cervix}} and are due to occlusion&nbsp…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemCase: Vaginal cystsFirst image: Axial T2-weighted MRI shows {{c1::two Nabothian cysts::patholog…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemAnovaginal fistula can arise from {{c1::Crohn's disease}}, {{c1::obstetric trauma}}, {{c2::pelvic fl…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemGas and feces passed through the vagina can cause recurrent vaginal infections in {{c1::an…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemUrethrovaginal fistula can occur after {{c1::excision for urethral diverticulum}} resulting in {{c1:…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemVesicovaginal fistula occurs most commonly in the setting of {{c1::obstructed childbirth}} or a…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemWhich plane on MRI imaging is the most reliable plane for visualization of fistulas?{{c1::Sagit…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemUseful tools to characterize vaginal fistulas include {{c1::real-time fluoroscopic::imaging}} evalua…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemCase: Vaginal defect in patient with prior history of cancerFirst and second image: Axial (firs…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemSquamous cell carcinoma of the vagina accounts for {{c1::80-85}}% of primary vaginal malignanci…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemAdenocarcinoma of the vagina presents in {{c1::younger women::demographic}} ({{c1::15}}% of vag…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemAdenocarcinoma of the vagina can arise from {{c1::vaginal adenosis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemClear cell carcinoma of the vagina is {{c1::rare::frequency}} and associated with previous {{c1…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemClear cell carcinoma of the vagina patients will often have a(n) {{c1::"T-shaped" uterus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemPrimary vaginal melanoma is {{c1::rare, aggressive::frequency/course}} and most commonly presen…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemVaginal sarcoma presents as {{c1::rhabdomyosarcoma}} in the {{c1::pediatric}} population
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemRhabdomyosarcoma is the most common vaginal tumor in {{c1::children}} and has a {{c2::bimodal}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemVulvar cancer commonly involves the {{c1::labia majora::structures}} and {{c1::labia minora}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemVulvar cancer accounts for up to {{c1::5}}% of female genital tract malignancies with peak age at {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemMetastasis to the vagina can occur from the {{c1::upper genital tract}} or the {{c1::GI tract}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemMetastasis to the vagina located in the {{c1::upper 1/3}} of the vagina (typically {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Female Genitourinary SystemMetastasis to the vagina located in the {{c1::lower 1/3}} of the vagina (typically {{…
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