Notes in Pharmacology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis LECTURE 33

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Published	01/07/2025	which hormone is a platelet agonist and promotes function of platelets (during coagulation)?{{c1::thromboxane A2}} is generated from activated pl…
Published	01/07/2025	drugs that disrupt platelet function:{{c1::aspirin}}{{c1::clopidogrel}}
Published	01/07/2025	aspirin = {{c1::acetylsalicylic acid}}
Published	01/07/2025	aspirin side effects{{c1::peptic ulceration}}{{c1::rash}}{{c1::hearing loss/tinnitus}} (high dose){{c1::Reye's syndrome: brain/liver damage}}&nbs…
Published	01/07/2025	aspirin: mechanism of actionblocks production of {{c1::prostaglandins}} and {{c1::thromboxanes}}by irreversibly inhibiting the {{c1::Cycloxy…
Published	01/07/2025	{{c1::gastric lining resistance to acid}} is {{c2::prostaglandin dependent}}
Published	01/07/2025	effects of aspirin on physiology:decreased production of {{c1::thromboxane A2}}less binding to {{c1::thromboxane receptor}}less platelet {{c1::adhesio…
Published	01/07/2025	Where is Prostacyclin released from?released from {{c1::normal endothelium}} under influence of {{c1::cyclo-oxygenase}}What are the effects of pr…
Published	01/07/2025	aspirin effect (high dose){{c1::inhibits production of both thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin}}
Published	01/07/2025	aspirin effect (low dose){{c1::selectively inhibits platelet AAA, but the endothelial cell function is intact (prostacyclin still synthesised)}}o…
Published	01/07/2025	What is the normal dose of aspirin per day (mg/day) ={{c1::75-325 mg/day}} low dose
Published	01/07/2025	ADP as a platelet {{c1::agonist}}ADP is released by {{c1::activated platelets}}ADP binds to {{c1::P2Y12 }} receptor on plateletwhich enhance…
Published	01/07/2025	clopidogrel mechanism of action: (anti-platelet)platelet {{c1::P2Y12 }} receptor inhibitorused for?originally used to combat acute {{c1::cor…
Published	01/07/2025	clopidogrel: clinical use{{c1::dual anti-platelet}} therapy (DAPT)recurrent {{c1::stroke}}first line for peripheral {{c1::arterial disease}}
Published	01/07/2025	clopidogrel: side effects{{c1::bleeding}} - affects timing of major surgery{{c1::rash}}risk of increased {{c1::bleeding in DAPT}}
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Published	01/07/2025	warfarin: mechanism of actioninhibits production, specifically {{c1::gamma carboxylation}} of the vitamin K dependent coag factors- {{c1::2,…
Published	01/07/2025	warfarin: pharmacology{{c1::3-4}} day lag of {{c1::dose and effect}}narrow {{c1::therapeutic window}}: monitor INR (aim for INR 2-3)
Published	01/07/2025	warfarin: interactions{{c1::alcohol}}green {{c1::vegetable}}many {{c1::drugs}} (esp antibiotics)
Published	01/07/2025	warfarin: side effects{{c1::bleeding}}{{c1::birth}} defects (teratogenic) - crosses placentawarfarin-induced {{c1::skin necrosis}}:- proteins C a…
Published	01/07/2025	heparin: mechanism of actionenhances the effect of {{c1::anti-thrombin}}, heparin binds to it and activates itan inhibitory effect on Factor…
Published	01/07/2025	how can warfarin side effect of bleeding be stopped?Slow reversal with {{c1::Vitamin K}}Rapid reversal with {{c1::blood factors}}
Published	01/07/2025	how to measure therapeutic effect of heparin?measure the {{c1::APTTr}}
Published	01/07/2025	heparin pharmacologyrapid {{c1::onset}}given {{c1::intravenously/subcutaneously}}variable efficacy: {{c1::monitor, APTTr}}prescribed in {{c1::units}}
Published	01/07/2025	heparin: side effects{{c1::bleeding}}antidote: {{c1::protamine}} = potent vasodilatorheparin-induced {{c1::thrombocytopenia}}
Published	01/07/2025	{{c1::unfractionated}} heparin used for:chronic kidney diseasedialysis, bypass machines
Published	01/07/2025	low molecular weight heparins{{c1::enoxaparin}}{{c1::tinzaparin}}
Published	01/07/2025	low molecular weight heparins (pharmacology)How are low molecular weight heparins usually administered?given {{c1::subcutaneously}}What are the advant…
Published	01/07/2025	DOACs - core drugs{{c1::Dabigatran}}{{c1::Rivaroxaban}}
Published	01/07/2025	where does rivaroxaban work on clotting cascade?inhibits factor {{c1::10a}}no conversion of {{c1::prothrombin to thrombin}}less {{c1::clots}}
Published	01/07/2025	where does dabigatran work on clotting cascade?inhibits factor {{c1::IIa (thrombin)}}less conversion of {{c1::fibrinogen to fibrin}} monomerless …
Published	01/07/2025	DOACs are more {{c1::reliable}} than warfarinhigher doses - more {{c1::effective, same bleeding}}lower doses - {{c1::as effective, less bleeding}}{{c1…
Published	01/07/2025	Dabigatran antidote: {{c1::idarucizumab}}Rivaroxaban and Apixaban antidote: {{c1::andexanet}}
Published	01/07/2025	treatment of haemophilia{{c1::recombinant DNA}} to produce productsinfusion of recombinant factor {{c1::VIII or factor IX}}(every 2-3 days - prop…
Published	01/07/2025	vitamin K dependent factors:{{c1::X, IX, VII, II}}{{c1::proteins S and C}}{{c1::required for gamma carboxylation}}
Published	01/07/2025	Vitamin K used to treat:{{c1::deficiency and reverse warfarin effects}}
Published	01/07/2025	The following are side effects of which drug?peptic ulcerationrashhearing loss/tinnitus (high dose)Reye's syndrome: brain/liver damage in children
Published	01/07/2025	What is warfarin metabolised by?
Published	01/07/2025	Which medication would be best applicable for the following uses:>MI>AF>PE>ilio-femoral DVT>Prophylactic VTE
Published	01/07/2025	Some advantages of a class of drugs are listed below. Which class of drugs do these advantages best apply to?Renal clearanceGood absorption - no need …
Published	01/07/2025	A 58-year-old patient that has recently had a valve replacement and had a mechanical valve inserted comes in complaining of bleeding and skin necrosis…
Published	01/07/2025	A 49-year-old male has recently been diagnosed with aortic stenosis, upon further testing it is found that this patient has aortic stenosis with atria…
Published	01/07/2025	A 63-year-old male of asian ethnicity comes into the GP surgery, he explains to the doctor that he was in Los Angeles and has recently come off a long…
Published	01/07/2025	warfarin: clinical usedrug of shoice for? (2)DOACs superseed warfarin for? (3)
Published	01/07/2025	platelet activation and adhesionPlatelet activation:Vessel wall is damaged and {{c1::collagen}} is exposed{{c1::VwF}} binds to the exposed {…
Published	01/07/2025	Thromboxane vs Prostacyclin:Thromboxane A2:released by {{c1::platelets}}Promotes platelet {{c1::aggregation}}Vaso{{c1::-constrictor}}Prostacyclin:rele…
Published	01/07/2025	clinical use of aspirin: {{c1::arterial disease}} (4)in all patients with established {{c1::vascular}} disease:>{{c1::IHD}} (MI…
Published	01/07/2025	heparin-induced thrombocytopenia{{c1::dangerous}}Caused by?caused by {{c1::antibodies}}When is it more common?more common with {{c1::unfractionated}}&…
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