Notes in Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

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Published	09/03/2024	define pharmacology
Published	09/03/2024	where can drugs come from
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Legal classifications}} regulate how a drug can be used
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Drug identifiers}} include generic, chemical and trade names
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Drug categories}} include classifications and classes
Published	09/03/2024	classifications are organized by {{c1::therapeutic use }} while classes are organized by {{c2::mechanism of action}}
Published	09/03/2024	Define Pharmacodynamics
Published	09/03/2024	Drugs are considered {{c1::signals}}. they can be either {{c2::excitatory}} or {{c2::inhibitory}}
Published	09/03/2024	mechanism of action = {{c1::site of action }} + {{c2::intrinsic activity}}
Published	09/03/2024	what factors affect drug binding to its receptor?
Published	09/03/2024	what are the 4 types of receptors targeted by drugs ?
Published	09/03/2024	{{c1::Intrinsic activity }} of a drug is the ability of a drug to activate a receptor.
Published	09/03/2024	intrinsic activity is a measure of {{c1::effectiveness}} of a drug. it is not the same as {{c1:: drug affinity}}
Published	09/03/2024	what types of effects can a drug have on its targets
Published	09/03/2024	anatgonist can be either {{c1::competitive }} or {{c1::noncompetitive}}
Published	09/03/2024	while {{c1::competitive}} agonists can be overcome by adding more substrate to a reaction  (decrease potency) , {{c1::non-competitive}}…
Published	09/03/2024	define potency of a drug
Published	09/03/2024	How do competitive inhibitors affect the km and vmax of an enzymatic reaction ?
Published	09/03/2024	How do noncompetitive inhibitors affect the km and vmax of an enzymatic reaction ?
Published	09/03/2024	define EC50
Published	09/03/2024	waht factors determine the target dose?
Published	09/03/2024	what are the 5 phases of Drug testing?
Published	09/03/2024	Describe the pre-clinical phase of drug testing
Published	09/03/2024	Describe Phase I of drug testing
Published	09/03/2024	Describe Phase II of drug testing
Published	09/03/2024	Describe Phase III of drug testing
Published	09/03/2024	Describe Phase IV of drug testing
Published	09/03/2024	a {{c1::higher therapeutic index/wider therapeutic window}} indicates that the drug is safer because there is greater distance between the TD50 and ED…
Published	09/03/2024	Prescription drugs require {{c4::medical supervision}}. Controlled substance have abuse potential with Class 1-4 showing {{c1::highest to lowest}} ris…
Published	09/03/2024	Generic drugs are cheaper for patients and increase {{c1::treatment adherence}}
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Published	09/03/2024	list the four main types of receptors for drug targets from fastest to slowest:{{c1::ion-channel linked (miliseconds; ex. nicotine)GPCR (second; ex. e…
Published	09/03/2024	some drugs are non-selective and do not need a {{c1::receptor}} because they act through x3 {{c2::ionic, osmotic, or local physical/chemical interacti…
Published	09/03/2024	a {{c1::blocker}} is any drug given that prevents a natural agonist from working optimally
Published	09/03/2024	full agonists bind to a receptor and produce {{c1::the max possible response (IA=1)}}. ex. {{c2::epinephrine, morphine}}
Published	09/03/2024	a partial agonist binds to a receptor but {{c1::does not fully activate the receptor (0<IA<1)}}. ex. {{c2::pindolol}}
Published	09/03/2024	an {{c1::antagonist}} drug binds to a receptor but does not activate it and therefore blocks the action of agaonist by occupying the receptor (IA=0). …
Published	09/03/2024	an {{c1::inverse agonist}} binds to a receptor and decreases its activity. (IA = -1). ex. {{c2::diphenhydramine}}
Published	09/03/2024	Competitive antagonists can be overcome by {{c1::increasing}} ligand concentration but it also leads to {{c2::decreased}} potency.
Published	09/03/2024	Non-competitive antagonist leads to {{c1::decreased}} efficacy and {{c2::cannot be overcome}} because they are not fighting for the same binding spot&…
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Published	09/03/2024	the {{c1::therapeutic window}} is the dosage range that can safely treat disease w/o toxicity
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