Notes in Osmosis

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/11/2024	TARGET DECK Med UdeM::Préclinique::MMD1108::APE::7 - Tuberculose::Osmosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a my…
Published	10/11/2024	Reactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is classically due to use of {{c1::tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors::drug class}}.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Isoniazid}} is an anti-mycobacterial drug that is used as monotherapy for tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	The Ghon complex of tuberculosis is a combination of hilar lymphadenopathy and a {{c1::Ghon focus}} on chest X-ray.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Pyrazinamide}} is an anti-tuberculous drug that can cause hyperuricemia and thus increase the chance for gout in susceptible patients.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Caseous necrosis}} with granulomas is the pattern of necrosis characteristically seen in tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	Vertebral osteomyelitis associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria is called {{c1::Pott's}} disease.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Tuberculosis}} is the most common cause of Addison disease in the developing world.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Streptomycin}} is a second-line anti-tuberculous drug that can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Aspergillomas}} are masses of Aspergillus fumigatus that are commonly seen in lung cavities, especially after tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	The purified protein derivative test is {{c1::positive::positive/negative}} if a patient has had previous immunization or exposure to tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	A fibrocaseous cavitary lesion on chest X-ray is seen in {{c1::secondary::primary/secondary}} tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	Macrophages are an important component of granuloma formation in infectious diseases, such as {{c1::tuberculosis}}.
Published	10/11/2024	Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted via {{c1::airborne droplets}} from the respiratory tract.
Published	10/11/2024	A hilar lymphadenopathy with a peripheral granulomatous lesion in the middle or lower lung lobes which can calcify is diagnostic of primary {{c1::tube…
Published	10/11/2024	Miliary tuberculosis refers to clinical disease resulting from {{c1::bacteremia}} of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is characterized by the …
Published	10/11/2024	Vitamin {{c1::B6 (pyridoxine)}} deficiency can occur with use of the anti-tuberculosis medication, isoniazid.
Published	10/11/2024	Mycobacterium tuberculosis proliferates within {{c1::macrophages::immune cell type}}.
Published	10/11/2024	Caseating granulomas and Langhans giant cells are found in {{c1::secondary::primary/secondary}} tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	The {{c1::upper::upper/lower}} lobe of the lung is involved in secondary tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	Patients with AIDS or malnutrition are at {{c1::more::more/less}} risk for contracting progressive primary tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Tuberculosis}} is the main cause of constrictive pericarditis in the developing world.
Published	10/11/2024	Granulomatous diseases caused by mycobacteria include {{c1::leprosy}} and {{c2::tuberculosis}}.
Published	10/11/2024	Central nervous system tuberculosis includes three clinical categories: tuberculous {{c1::meningitis}}, intracranial {{c2::tuberculoma}}, and spinal {…
Published	10/11/2024	The anti-tuberculous drug {{c1::rifampicin}} can cause a benign red-orange discoloration of body fluids like tears and urine.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Primary::Primary/Reactivated}} Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection affects the middle to lower lung segments.
Published	10/11/2024	A Ghon focus on chest X-ray is a feature of {{c1::primary::primary/secondary}} tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	Exogenous corticosteroids can cause reactivation of {{c1::tuberculosis}} and {{c2::candidiasis}} (blocks IL-2 production).
Published	10/11/2024	Certain organisms that thrive in high oxygen concentrations, flourish in the lung apex, such as {{c1::tuberculosis}}.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Pott disease}} is the name given to tuberculous arthritis and osteomyelitis of the spine.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Mycobacterium tuberculosis}} is the commonest type of mycobacteria species to cause tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	The Ghon complex of tuberculosis is a combination of {{c1::hilar lymphadenopathy}} and a {{c2::Ghon focus}} on chest X-ray.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Rifampin}}, {{c2::isoniazid}}, {{c3::pyrazinamide}}, and {{c4::ethambutol}} are the four antimycobacterial drugs used to treat tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Pyridoxine}} is an agent that is co-administered with isoniazid to decrease the chance of a peripheral neuropathy or sideroblastic anemia develo…
Published	10/11/2024	It is thought that silicosis may disrupt phagolysosomes and impair macrophages, increasing susceptibility to {{c1::tuberculosis::infection}}.
Published	10/11/2024	Pulmonary {{c1::tuberculosis}} is an infectious condition with symptoms including fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough (nonproductive or productive…
Published	10/11/2024	Mycobacterium tuberculosis reactivates in the {{c1::upper::upper/lower}} lung segments.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Lowenstein-Jensen agar}} is the special culture media/agar used to isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	The interferon-γ release assay for tuberculosis is usually {{c1::negative::positive/negative}} if a patient has had previous immunization.
Published	10/11/2024	Erythema nodosum is often idiopathic but can be associated with sarcoidosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, {{c1::tuberculosis::mycobacterial inf…
Published	10/11/2024	The Ghon focus of tuberculosis usually involves the middle or {{c1::lower::upper/lower}} lobe of the lung.
Published	10/11/2024	Hilar lymphadenopathy in addition to a peripheral granulomatous lesion due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the mid to lower lung segments i…
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Rifabutin}} is preferred over rifampicin in the treatment of tuberculosis in AIDS patients.
Published	10/11/2024	Dystrophic calcification is seen in {{c1::tuberculosis::mycobacterial infection}}, liquefactive necrosis of chronic abscesses, fat necrosis, infarcts,…
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Miliary tuberculosis}} is a complication of advanced tuberculosis that is defined as millet-like seeding of tuberculosis bacilli in the lung and…
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Ethambutol}} is an anti-tuberculous drug that can sometimes cause optic neuropathy.
Published	10/11/2024	Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a(n) {{c1::obligate::obligate/facultative}} aerobe.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Streptomycin}} is the second line drug for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	What is the first line therapy for active MTB infections during months 2-6 of therapy?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the MOA of Ethambutol in TB therapy?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the MOA of Isoniazid (INH)?
Published	10/11/2024	Which water-soluble vitamin deficiency may present with neurotoxicity and drug-induced SLE caused by isoniazid (INH)?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the MOA of Isoniazid?
Published	10/11/2024	What is the first line therapy for active MTB in the first 2 months of therapy?
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Acetylisoniazid}} is a hepatotoxic metabolite of Isoniazid that can cause hepatitis in patients being treated for TB.
Published	10/11/2024	Macrolides are a type of antibiotic that {{c1::inhibit::induce/inhibit}} CYP450 enzymes.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Hepatitis}} is the most common toxicity associated with Isoniazid (INH).
Published	10/11/2024	The musculoskeletal toxicity of pyrazinamide includes {{c1::hyperuricemia/gout}}.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Dapsone}} and {{c2::Rifampin}} are 2 anti-mycobacterial drugs used to treat the tuberculoid form of leprosy.
Published	10/11/2024	Pyrazinamide is converted to pyrazinoic acid and this {{c1::acidifies}} the intracellular environment, ultimately helping to destroy mycobacterium wit…
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Inhibition of arabinosyltransferase, thereby decreasing carbohydrate polymerization of the mycobacterium cell wall}} is the mechanism of action …
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Isoniazid}} is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis that can cause sideroblastic anemia, typically through vitamin B6 deficiency.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Isoniazid (INH)}} is an antimycobacterial that requires bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzymes in order to become active metabolites.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Dapsone, Rifampin, and Clofazimine::3 trucs}} are anti-mycobacterial drugs used to treat the lepromatous form of leprosy.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Clofazimine}} is added to Dapsone and Rifampin to treat the lepromatous form of Mycobacterium leprae.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Rifampin}} is a first-line drug for TB that is also a strong CYP enzyme inducer.
Published	10/11/2024	Rifampin works by binding to the beta-subunit of {{c1::DNA-dependent RNA polymerase}}, thereby inhibiting transcription.
Published	10/11/2024	The combination of {{c1::Dapsone and Rifampin::2 trucs}} is used to treat the tuberculoid form of Mycobacterium leprae.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::SLE-like syndrome}} is an autoimmune-like complication of Isoniazid (INH) use.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Isoniazid}} is an antimycobacterial drug is used as prophylaxis for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Catalase-peroxidase; encoded by KatG::Enzyme}} in mycobacteria is required to activate Isoniazid.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin::3 trucs}} are the possible prophylactic treatments for meningococcal infection in children.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Rifampin; Isoniazid; Pyrazinamide; Ethambutol::4 trucs}} is the treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Pyrazinamide}} is an antimycobacterial that is associated with hyperuricemia and hepatotoxicity as side effects.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Isoniazid}} is an anti-TB drug that can cause vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency by decreasing Vitamin B6 levels.
Published	10/11/2024	Isoniazid is converted into its active form by {{c1::Catalase-Peroxidase}}.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Rifampin and Rifabutin::2 trucs}} are rifamycin antimycobacterials that function to inhibit DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Azithromycin and/or Clarithromycin::2 trucs}} are macrolide antibiotics used as prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex in HIV patients with…
Published	10/11/2024	Isoniazid can cause hemolysis in individuals with {{c1::G6PD deficiency}}.
Published	10/11/2024	{{c1::Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare}}, a species of Mycobacterium that is highly drug resistant, is treated with 2 or 3 antimicrobials for at lea…
Published	10/11/2024	Barbiturates and Rifampin are CYP enzyme {{c1::inducers}}.
Published	10/11/2024	Rifampin is a first-line TB drug that yields {{c1::a reddish-orange discoloration}} of urine, tears, saliva, sweat and other bodily fluids.
Published	10/11/2024	Pyrazinamide is an antimycobacterial that is effective in the {{c1::acidic pH of phagolysosomes}}, where engulfed MTB is found in macrophages.
Status	Last Update	Fields