Notes in 11 Uterus

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Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus {{c1::Version::Flexion/Version}} of the uterus refers to angle between the {{c2::cervix}} and the {{c2::vagina}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Flexion::Flexion/Version}} of the uterus refers to angle between the {{c2::body}} and the {{c2::cervix}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusAbout {{c1::20}} degrees of uterine {{c2::ante::ante/retro}}flexion is considered normal
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusRetro{{c1::version::version/flexion}} of the uterus may cause poor visualization of the uterine {{c2::fundus}} trans…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusRetro{{c1::flexion::version/flexion}} of the uterus may causeeven poorer visualization of the {{c3::fundus}}and can mimic…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusOn T2-weighted imaging the endometrial stripe is T2 {{c1::hyper::hyper/hypo}}intense
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusOn T2-weighted imaging, the junctional zone (first zone of myometrium) is T2 {{c1::hypo::hyper/hypo}}intense, due to comp…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe outer myometrium is relatively T2 {{c1::hypo::hyper/hypo}}intense, although less so than the {{c2::junctional zone}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusNormal junctional zone should measure ≤{{c1::12}}mm
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe thickest portion of the endometrium should be measured {{c1::transvaginally::tansvaginally/transabdominally}} in the …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIdeally, endometrial thickness should be measured in the {{c1::menstrual}} phase of the menstrual cycle
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhen evaluating endometrial thickness, if endometrial fluid is present, the {{c1::flanking endometrium}} is measured and …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn the {{c3::menstrual}} phase (days 1-4) of the menstrual cycle, normal endometrial thickness is <{{c1::4}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn the {{c1::proliferative}} phase (days 5-14) of the menstrual cycle, the endometrial thickness is typically between {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, transvaginal ultrasonography demonstrates a classic {{c1::trilaminar}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusDuring the {{c3::secretory}} phase (days 15-28) of the menstrual cycle, the endometrial thickness is between {{c1::7-14}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThere may be malignant potential in large polyps >{{c1::1.5}} cm occurring in {{c2::post::pre/post}}menopausal patient…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusUterine {{c1::polyps::polyps/fibroids}} can cause mucous discharge and irregular bleeding between cycles
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus Ultrasonography of endometrial polyps shows a {{c1::focal nodular}} area of endometrial thickening and {{c2::intern…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusEndometrial polyps are definitively diagnosed by {{c1::sonohysterogram::imaging}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusEndometrial {{c3::hyperplasia}} refers to abnormal proliferation of the endometrial {{c1::glands and stroma}}, …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIf endometrial proliferation ≥{{c1::11}} mm, {{c2::further workup}} is indicated, regardless of presence or absence of ab…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusPost-menopausal endometrial thickness ≥{{c1::5}} mm requires {{c3::further workup}} if there is {{c4::abnormal uteri…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn the absence of abnormal uterine bleeding, post-menopausal endometrial thickness <{{c1::8}} mm does not require furt…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus In post-menopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness ≥{{c2::8}} mm requires further workup if the patient is tak…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus Case: Ultrasound of Endometrial MassYellow arrows: mildly {{c1::echogenic}}, irregular endometrial massColor dopple…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus {{c1::Endometrial carcinoma}} is the most common gynecologic malignancy and is thought to be caused by prolong…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe average endometrial thickness of patients with endometrial {{c2::carcinoma}} is {{c1::21}} mm
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusPost-menopausal endometrial thickness <{{c1::5}} mm likely represents {{c2::endometrial atrophy}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe finding most suggestive of {{c2::endometrial carcinoma}} is the presence of {{c1::ill-defined margins}} separating th…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhich imaging modality is commonly used for staging of endometrial cancer?{{c1::MRI}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusStaging of endometrial carcinoma is based on the {{c1::International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)}}&nbs…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusStaging of endometrial cancer is characterized by involvement of the following:{{c1::cervix}}{{c2::vagina}}{{c3::uterine …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn endometrial cancer, the presence (and extent) of {{c1::myometrial}} invasion is key for staging purposes, as the depth…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn post-menopausal patients, the {{c1::junctional zone}} of the myometrium {{c2::cannot::can/cannot}} be distui…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhen staging endometrial cancer in pre-menopausal patients, an intact {{c1::junctional zone}} confirms lack of {{c2::myom…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn post-contrast imaging, {{c1::endometrial cancer::malignancy}} enhances {{c2::less::more/less}} avidly than the surroun…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusCase: Saggital T2-weighted MRI (left image) and postcontrast T1-weighted (right image) of endometrial massMass: large mas…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusTrace amount of {{c2::fluid}} in the endometrial canal can be a normal finding, particularly in {{c1::pre::pre/post}}meno…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn pre-menopausal patients, a large amount of endometrial fluid is always abnormal and may be due to {{c1::spontaneous ab…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn a post-menopausal woman, endometrial fluid can be due to {{c1::cervical stenosis}}, and a careful evaluation for {{c2:…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Pyometra}}, or pus within the uterus, is very rare and usually due to {{c2::outflow obstruction}} from {{c3::cervic…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusEndometritis often has normal imaging findings{{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusGas in the uterus >3 weeks postpartum is suspicious for {{c1::endometritis}}, but may be a normal finding
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus In the {{c5::non-gravid::gravid/nongravid}} uterus, intrauterine hemorrhage may be seen with the following:{{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn the {{c3::gravid::gravid/nongravid}} uterus, or in the setting of recent {{c4::miscarriage}}, intrauterine hemorrhage …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusCase: Cyclic abdominal pain, postcontrast T1-weighted MRIYellow arrows: {{c2::irregular enhancing}} lesion within the ant…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe three main forms of Endometriosis are:{{c1::superficial masses/implants}}{{c2::ovarian endometriomas}}{{c3::deep infi…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe most common sites of endometriosis include:{{c1::ovaries}}{{c2::myometrium (adenomyosis)}}{{c3::ligaments and periton…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusCan endometriosis be found within organs outside of the pelvis?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusOvarian endometriomas are T2 {{c1::hypo::hyper/hypo}}intense, T1 {{c1::hyper::hyper/hypo}}intense lesions on MRI
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhich form of endometriosis is not typically visible on MRI?{{c1::superficial lesions}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c2::Deep infiltrating}} endometriosis is defined by invasion of endometrial glands ≥{{c1::5}} mm beyond the perito…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Adenomyosis}} refers to ectopic endometrial tissue within the {{c2::myometrium}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusEctopic endometrial tissue seen in {{c2::adenomyosis::endometriosis/adenomyosis}} is {{c1::non-functioning::functioning/n…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusUltrasound of adenomyosis shows an enlarged uterus with {{c1::heterogenous myometrium}}, without a focal mass
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusOn ultrasound imaging of adenomyosis, there is often loss of differentiation of the {{c1::endometrial-myometrial junction…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusUltrasound findings of multiple {{c2::subendometrial}} cysts or echogenic foci are suggestive of {{c1::adenomyosis}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusOn MRI, {{c4::adenomyosis}} is best seen on {{c1::T2}}-weighted images as diffuse (or focal) thickening of the {{c2::junc…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusFocal adenomyosis may mimic {{c1::leiomyoma}} due to more focal T1 and T2 {{c2::hypo::hyper/hypo}}intense signal
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn comparison to adenomyosis, leiomyomas typically show {{c1::well-defined}} margins, no relationship to the {{c2::juncti…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Lipoleiomyomas}} are variants of fibroids which contains fat and is {{c2::echogenic}} on US.
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusFIbroids are most commonly found in which location within the uterus?{{c1::Intramural, or within the myometrium}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusUterine leiomyomas are most commonly found:{{c1::Intramural}}{{c2::Submucosal}}{{c3::Subserosal}}{{c4::Cervical}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusA submucosal fibroid can be resected hysteroscopically if >{{c1::50}}% of the fibroid is {{c2::intraluminal::location}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusOne variant of a submucosal fibroid is a(n) {{c1::intracavitary}} fibroid, in which it is located nearly entirely within …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Subserosal}} fibroids may simulate an adnexal mass if {{c2::pedunculated}}, however doppler will show blood supply …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe typical ultrasound appearance of a {{c1::fibroid}} is a slightly heterogeneous, {{c2::hypo::hyper/hypo}}echoic uterin…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusOn ultrasound, {{c1::cystic degeneration}} of a uterine fibroid will appear as a(n) {{c2::anechoic}} mass with {{c3::post…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusOn MRI, leiomyomas are T{{c2::2}} {{c1::hypo}}intense due to the presence of {{c3::compact smooth muscle}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c2::Internal cystic}} degeneration or {{c3::myxoid}} degeneration of uterine leiomyomas may {{c1::increase::increase/de…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Red (carneous)}} degeneration of uterine fibroids is due to {{c2::hemorrhagic infarction}}, often during {{c3::preg…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c2::Red (carneous)}} degeneration of uterine fibroids may appear T{{c3::1}} {{c1::hyper}}intense on MRI
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusSymptomatic uterine fibroids may be treated with {{c1::uterine artery embolization (UAE)}}, unless they are {{c3::necroti…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhat imaging is often performed for treatment planning prior to uterine artery embolization of uterine fibroids?{{c1::MRI…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus Uterine artery embolization to treat fibroids may not be successful in the presence of a(n) {{c1::ovarian-uterine}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus Uterine {{c2::leiomyosarcoma}} is very rare, rapidly growing tumor that may arise {{c3::de-novo}} or from mali…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus Imaging {{c1::cannot::can/cannot}} reliably differentiate between leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusA uterine mass with signal heterogeneity, restricted diffusion, and an ill-defined contour is more likely a {{c1::degener…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c3::Tamoxifen::drug}} increases the risk of {{c1::leiomyosarcoma::malignancy}} in addition to {{c2::endometrial}} carci…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusUterine malformations are caused by abnormal development of the paired {{c1::Müllerian ducts}}, which normally fuse durin…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhat are the 2 most common congenital uterine abnormalities?1. {{c1::Septate uterus}}2. {{c2::Bicornuate uterus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusCongenital uterine abnormalities are associated with {{c1::urinary tract}} abnormalities such as {{c2::renal ectopia}} or…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusClass {{c2::I}} Müllerian duct anomaly = {{c1::uterine agenesis/hypoplasia}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusClass {{c2::II}} Müllerian duct anomaly = {{c1::unicornuate uterus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusClass {{c1::VI}} Müllerian duct anomaly = {{c2::arcuate uterus}}, in which there is a small indentation of the funda…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe external fundal contour is {{c2::convex::concave/convex}} in a(n) {{c1::arcuate::arcuate/bicornuate}} uterus
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusClass {{c1::V}} Müllerian duct anomaly =  {{c2::septate uterus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Septate}} uterus occurs due to failed {{c2::resorption}} of {{c3::inter-Müllerian septa}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Septate}} uterus is defined as 2 uterine cavities, divided by a {{c2::fibrous}} or {{c3::muscular}} septum (>15 …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Septate}} uterus is most likely of all uterine anomalies to cause pregnancy loss due to {{c2::avascular}} fibrous o…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusSeptate uterus can be treated with {{c3::hysteroscopic}} metroplasty if the septum is {{c1::fibrous}}, or {{c4:…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusClass {{c1::IV}} Müllerian duct anomaly = {{c2::Bicornuate uterus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Bicornuate}} uterus occurs due to {{c2::partial::complete/partial}} failure of {{c3::Müllerian duct}} fusion
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusBicornuate uterus has a {{c1::concave::concave/convex}} external fundal contour, which pinches >{{c2::15}} mm inwards
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusTreatment of bicornuate uterus requires {{c1::transabdominal::hysteroscopic/transabdominal}} metroplasty
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusClass {{c1::III}} Müllerian duct anomaly = {{c2::didelphys uterus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Didelphys}} uterus occurs due to {{c2::complete::complete/partial}} failure of {{c3::Müllerian duct}} fusion
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Didelphys}} uterus is characterized by two completely separate uteri and cervices
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhich type of Müllerian duct anomaly is most likely to present with a vaginal septum?{{c1::Didelphys uterus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusClass {{c1::VII}} Müllerian duct anomaly = {{c2::DES uterus}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIn utero exposure to {{c1::diethylstilbestrol (DES)}} causes the fetus to develop classic imaging appearance of {{c2::hyp…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusExposure to {{c1::diethylstilbestrol (DES)}} is associated with increased risk of {{c2::clear cell vaginal}} cancer
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusCase: Hysterosalpingogram and MRI of uterusYellow arrows: two separate {{c1::endometrial cavities}}Axial T2 MRI: {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusCase: Axial and coronal T2-weighted MRI of uterusYellow arrows: two separate {{c1::endometrial canals}}Red arrow: {{c2::c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusUterine {{c1::arteriovenous malformation}} is caused by abnormal communication between the {{c2::uterine arterial branche…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusGrayscale and color Doppler of uterine arteriovenous malformation can show an enlarged, heterogeneous, and {{c1::multicys…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe appearance of uterine arteriovenous malformation can appear similar to {{c1::gestational trophoblastic disease}} on u…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Hormonal::hormonal/copper}} IUDs appear as {{c2::hypo}}echoic structures within the uterus
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Copper::hormonal/copper}} IUDs appear as echogenic structures within the uterus
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe following ultrasound shows {{c1::normal}} position of an IUD within the endometrial cavity
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe following ultrasound shows a {{c1::malpositioned and malrotated::describe position and rotation}} {{c2::copper::hormo…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe following ultrasound shows an IUD with the right arm embedded within the {{c1::myometrium}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhen pregnancy occurs in the presence of an IUD, there is increased risk for {{c1::ectopic pregnancy}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Bladder-flap}} hematoma is a rare complication of a {{c3::low-transverse}} c-section, where a postsurgical hematoma…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusUltrasound of a {{c2::bladder-flap}} hematoma will show a complex mass {{c1::posterior}} to the bladder
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Subfascial}} hematoma is a rare complication of c-section due to extraperitoneal hemorrhage within the {{c2::preves…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusUltrasound of a {{c2::subfascial}} hematoma shows a complex mass {{c1::anterior}} to the bladder
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusOn T2-weighted MRI, the endocervix is {{c1::hyper::hyper/hypo}}intense due to {{c2::mucin}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusCompared to the endocervix and inner cervical stroma, the cervical {{c1::mucosa}} is T2 {{c2::intermediate}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe inner cervical stroma is T2 {{c1::hypo::hyper/hypo}}intense on MRI due to {{c2::compact fibrous tissue}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThe superior aspect of the {{c2::inner cervical stroma}} is continuous with the {{c1::junctional zone}} of the …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhat is the third most common gynecologic malignancy?{{c1::Cervical carcinoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusUltrasound imaging of a cervical carcinoma shows a {{c1::hypo::hyper/hypo}}echoic or {{c1::iso}}-echoic soft tissue mass …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusT2-weighted MRI of cervical carcinoma shows a T2 {{c1::hyper::hyper/hypo}}intense signal mass replacing the cervical stro…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusCase: Cervical massYellow arrows: heterogeneous, T2 {{c1::intermediate}} cervical mass with well circumscribed margins, {…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusA cervical mass >{{c1::1.5}} cm should be evaluated by {{c2::MRI}} for staging
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusWhat is the key landmark in the staging of cervical cancer?{{c1::Cervical stroma}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIf a cervical carcinoma extends through the cervical stroma into the {{c1::parametrium}}, the cancer is stage {{c2::IIB}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusIf cervical carcinoma involves the {{c2::bladder}} or {{c3::rectum}}, the cancer is stage {{c1::IV}}
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusStaging of cervical carcinoma is based on the {{c1::FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics)}} s…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusStaging of cervical carcinoma is based on involvement of the following:{{c1::Uterus}}{{c2::Vagina}}{{c3::Parametrium}}{{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusCase: Cervical massYellow arrows: ill-defined, {{c1::hyper}}intense, heterogeneously enhancing cervical mass*: invas…
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: Uterus{{c1::Adenoma malignum}} is a rare subtype of well-differentiated {{c2::mucinous adenocarcinoma}} of the cervix
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusAdenoma malignum has a poor prognosis due to early {{c1::peritoneal}} dissemination and poor response to treatment
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusImaging of adenoma malignum shows a {{c1::multicystic}} mass with solid components extending from the {{c3::endocervical …
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusAdenoma malignum is associated with {{c1::Peutz-Jeghers}} syndrome and {{c2::mucinous ovarian}} neoplasms
Published	05/01/2023	Genitourinary Imaging: UterusThickening of the junctional zone is seen in {{c2::adenomyosis}}
Status	Last Update	Fields