Notes in 02GrossPTL

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Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::cadaver}} is the ultimate specimen since it has everything needed to be examined.
Published	07/30/2024	smear/scrapingsfine needle aspirationcore needle specimenpunch specimenincision/open specimen
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::pap smear}} is a procedure wherein a small brush or spatula is used to gently remove cells from the cervix, which are then smeared on a s…
Published	07/30/2024	For a/n {{c1::excision/resection}} specimen, an entire lesion/tumor or organ is removed for diagnosis.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::surgical margin}} is the rim of normal tissue around a tumor that is removed (along with the tumor) in an excision/resection.
Published	07/30/2024	An {{c1::amputation}} specimen requires the removal of an entire limb.
Published	07/30/2024	Fixative of choice in fixation: {{c1::10% neutral buffered formalin}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Formalin}} is the fastest penetrating fixative with a rate of {{c2::3.6 mm/hour}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Formalin continues to cross-link proteins for a long time after penetration into tissue is complete. {{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neutrally buffered formalin has pH of {{c1::7}} and uses {{c2::sodium phosphate}} as a buffer.
Published	07/30/2024	10% neutral buffered formalin = {{c1::1}} part stock formalin ({{c1::37-40}}%) + {{c1::9}} parts water
Published	07/30/2024	The specimen should be fixed within 75 minutes of collection.{{c1::F::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cold Ischemia}} is the state of lack of oxygen once the tissue sample is removed from the patient’s body and before all metabolic processes a…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cold ischemia time}} is the time starting from when the tissue sample is removed from the patient's body up to the time you place the samp…
Published	07/30/2024	Who receives the specimen?- {{c1::pathology receptionist}} or {{c1::secretary}}- {{c1::medical Technologist}} assigned in reception
Published	07/30/2024	1. patient identification2. identification of the individual(s) requesting the examination 3. procedure date 4. adequate clinical History&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	1. patient's full name 2. date of birth 3. hospital/clinic identification number
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}} Patient Information must also be attached to the specimen container.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::T::T/F}} Pathologists cannot accurately predict clinical information from the glass slides alone
Published	07/30/2024	1. Purpose of removal of the specimen2. Type of specimen3. Location and Types of lesions present4. Prior Diagnoses5. Prior or current treatment 6…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Prior Diagnoses::Part of the Adequate Clinical History}} is necessary because it helps pathologists think if what they are looking at is a m…
Published	07/30/2024	The Specimen Identification portion of the sample request form requires the {{c1::accession number}} which is the number assigned to the specimen…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Gross Pathology}} or macroscopic pathology is the examination of a specimen without the use of a microscope.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Marking ink}} is used to {{c2::mark surgical margins}} and {{c2::orient specimens}} before cutting .
Published	07/30/2024	A surgical margin is positive if there is tumor still left in the patient.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	1. Describe the organ and plane of sectioning.2. Describe the distribution of the abnormality.3. Describe the nature and location of abnormality.4. De…
Published	07/30/2024	1. Size 2. Shape 3. Number of Lesions4. Cut Surface 5. Edges/Margins of Lesion
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Published	07/30/2024	Tissue samples are placed in {{c1::tissue casettes}}.
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Published	07/30/2024	clinical historyphysical examination findingsclinical diagnosis
Published	07/30/2024	During fine needle aspiraition, a {{c1::fluid}} specimen is obtained.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fine needle aspiration::type of diagnostic biopsy}} is the process of passing a gauge {{c2::25 or 27}} needle through the sk…
Published	07/30/2024	In a {{c1::core needle}} biopsy, a hollow/wide, gauge {{c2::14, 16, or 18}} needle is used to get samples of tissue from a lesion.
Published	07/30/2024	In a core needle biopsy, a {{c1::solid}} specimen is obtained.
Published	07/30/2024	In a {{c1::punch}} biopsy, a small round piece of tissue is removed using a sharp, hollow, circular instrument.
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::solid}} specimen is obtained in a punch biopsy.
Published	07/30/2024	A punch biopsy is usually used for {{c1::skin}} or {{c1::cervical}} biopsies.
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::incision/open}} biopsy, a small cut is made into a lesion and a small piece of it is removed.
Published	07/30/2024	Fixation prevents {{c1::autolysis}} which is the decay of tissue due to action or cellular enzymes, and {{c2::putrefaction}} or bacterial at…
Published	07/30/2024	Fixation kills the tissues in order to stop the {{c1::metabolic processes}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Fixation}} is the alteration of tissues by stabilizing proteins so that the tissues become resistant to change.
Published	07/30/2024	At {{c1::low::low/high}} pH, formalin produces a dark pigment which can obscure cellular detail.
Published	07/30/2024	1. attending physician2. other physicians taking care of the patient
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c3::frozen section}} is done intraoperatively with the sample being given to pathology for a rush diagnosis because the pathologist's diagnos…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Modified Radical Mastectomy}} is the removal of the entire breast and surrounding axillary lymph nodes containing a malignant tumor.
Published	07/30/2024	The most common malignant cancer of the breast is {{c1::invasive ductal carcinoma}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In orienting a specimen using sutures, a {{c1::short suture}} is used to indicate the {{c2::superior}} pole.
Published	07/30/2024	In orienting a specimen using sutures, a {{c1::medium suture}} is used to indicated the {{c2::medial}} pole.
Published	07/30/2024	In orienting a specimen using sutures, a {{c1::long suture}} is used to indicated the {{c2::lateral}} pole.
Published	07/30/2024	In describing a gross specimen, step 2 involves describing the distribution of the abnormality. The distribution can either be {{c1::di…
Published	07/30/2024	The distribution of an abnormality is described as {{c1::diffuse}} if it affects the whole organ uniformly.
Published	07/30/2024	The distribution of an abnormality is described as {{c1::localized/focal}} if it is seen as one or several discrete lesions, while the rest of th…
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::nodule}} is a mass/elevation filled with solid material.
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::cyst}} is a mass/elevation contains fluid.
Published	07/30/2024	An {{c1::ulcer}} is a break in skin or mucous membrane.
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::polyp}} is a growth of tissue projecting outward from a mucous membrane.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Discoloration}} is used to describe to anything that has a different color.
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