Notes in Typhoid/Cholera

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/10/2024	Fever in returning traveler, always consider{{c1::Malaria}}{{c1::Dengue}}{{c1::Typhoid}}{{c1::Rickettsia}}
Published	01/10/2024	Typhoid fever is caused by {{c1::Salmonella}}. Patients may not have prominent {{c1::GI}} symptoms. It is spread by {{c1::fecal-oral}} transmissi…
Published	01/10/2024	in typhoidal salmonella, {{c1::humans}} = ONLY reservoir
Published	01/10/2024	Epidemiology of typhoid{{c1::11-20}} million cases/yearEndemic throughout {{c1::developing}} world - {{c1::Asia}} (poor sanitation, was…
Published	01/10/2024	Pathogenesis of typhoidIngestionbacteria survive acidic environment in {{c1::stomach}}penetrate wall of {{c1::ileum}}enter {{c1::mesenteric}…
Published	01/10/2024	Incubation period of typhoid = {{c1::10-20}} days/{{c1::1-4}} weeks
Published	01/10/2024	Symptoms and signs of typhoidFirst week{{c1::Non-specific flu-like}} illness{{c1::Fever, headache, malaise, constipation, mild diarrhea (constipa…
Published	01/10/2024	Relapse of typhoidMay occur after treatment and initial recoveryGenerally {{c1::milder}} and {{c1::shorter}} duration, may be equally severe…
Published	01/10/2024	Diagnosis of typhoid{{c1::Blood culture}}{{c1::Bone marrow culture}} MOST sensitive{{c1::Stool culture}} - may be carrier{{c1::Rapid diagnos…
Published	01/10/2024	Management of typhoidDifficult: {{c1::drug}} resistance {{c1::(fluoroquinolones)}}, region-dependentNon-severe disease: {{c1::azithromycin P…
Published	01/10/2024	Prevention of typhoid{{c1::Health education}}{{c1::Sanitation (WaSH)}}{{c1::Vaccination}} against S. typhi{{c2::Live attenuated oral}} vacci…
Published	01/10/2024	Cholera is caused by {{c1::Vibrio cholerae}}. It is a {{c1::non-invasive}} infection. It is spread via {{c1::fecal-oral}} transmission from {{c1:…
Published	01/10/2024	Cholera is predominant in {{c1::subsaharan africa, indian subcontinent, SE asia::3 geographical areas}}.
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Endemic}} areas = areas with a case within last 3 years, evidence of ongoing transmission
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Epidemic}} areas = can occur in endemic areas and within countries where transmission doesn’t normally occur
Published	01/10/2024	Pathogenesis of choleraToxin-mediated = {{c1::cholera enterotoxin (choleragen)}}Binds to GM1-ganglioside receptor in endothelial cell liningActiv…
Published	01/10/2024	Signs and symptoms of choleraRange: {{c1::asymptomatic - fatal}}{{c1::Mild self-limiting diarrhea - severe, watery (rice water) diarrhea}}Up to 3…
Published	01/10/2024	Diagnosis of cholera{{c1::Clinical}} diagnosis in epidemics/low-resource settings{{c1::Dark-field}} microscopyCulture with {{c1::TCBS (thios…
Published	01/10/2024	Management of choleraMain priority = {{c1::rehydration}}{{c1::Oral rehydration salts}}Severe cases: {{c1::azithromycin}}, {{c1::doxycycline}…
Published	01/10/2024	Prevention of cholera{{c1::Health education}}{{c1::Sanitation}}{{c1::Vaccines}} - not 100% protectiveTravelers to endemic/epidemic areaUnclear of…
Status	Last Update	Fields