Notes in 02JointStructure&Function

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Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::closed}} packed position provides the greatest stability and is resistant to tensile forces.
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::loose}} packed position, the joint surfaces are free to move in relation to one another.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::right::left/right}} knee is in the loose packed position.
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::loose}} packed position, the joint cavity has the greatest volume.
Published	07/30/2024	The loose packed position is more prone to dislocation.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Any part of the joint may develop an abnormal change during disease, eventually affecting the entire structure of the joint{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Joint support is often {{c1::decreased::increased/decreased}} after injury to its components
Published	07/30/2024	Changes in alignment create abnormal joint openings on the side where a ligament is torn{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	A torn ligament leads to instability of the joint, but never leads to complete failure of the joint when subjected to excessive, sudden, or prolonged …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Joint instability}} is a well-known cause of secondary osteoarthritis of the knee joint.
Published	07/30/2024	Disturbance in the normal function of any specific joint structure will eventually affect every part of a joint.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Immobilization is detrimental to joint structure and function.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Exercise influences cell shape and physiological function.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Higher magnitude/sustained loads::type of loading}} increases fibrocartilage formation.
Published	07/30/2024	Exercise is always healthy; there is no such thing as "too much exercise"{{c1::F::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Damage to joint structures occur in two processes: {{c1::sudden application of large/non-physiological loads}} and {{c1::repeated sustained applicatio…
Published	07/30/2024	Because of {{c1::creep}}, repeated sustained applications of low loads (loads we normally experience) can cause damageHint: this is the capacity of co…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Repetitive motion disorder/repetitive strain injury::injury}} results from repetitive physiologic strain loading.
Published	07/30/2024	In a/an {{c1::open}} kinematic chain, one joint can move independently of others in the chain. Characterized whenthe distal end of the chain is free t…
Published	07/30/2024	In a/an {{c1::closed}} kinematic chain, motion at one joint is accompanied by motion at one or more joints in the chain. both the proximal a…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Closed}} kinematic chains are often applicable in cases of weight-bearing conditions.
Published	07/30/2024	Most of the functional activities of the lower extermities involve closed kinematic chains.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	The woman's upper limbs are {{c1::open::open/closed}} kinematic chains.
Published	07/30/2024	The woman's upper limbs are {{c1::closed::open/closed}} kinematic chains.
Published	07/30/2024	e581b472acc74bcc82f7ea9c8e2dca0d-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Normal/Anatomic/Physiologic range of motion (ROM)}} is the amount of motion available to a joint within the anatomic limits of the joint structu…
Published	07/30/2024	Ball-and-socket joints have more ROM than hinge joints mainly because their ligaments more stretchable.{{c1::F::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Joint capsules that are thick and dense facilitate greater ROM than those that are thin.{{c1::F::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Conditions that make the ligaments of a joint hyper-relaxed and -stretched increase the ROM of such joint.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Muscle Bulk 2. ROM{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	A ROM is considered to be pathological when it fails to reach the normal anatomic limits of motion. ROM that exceeds normal anatomical limits are stil…
Published	07/30/2024	Abnormalities in musculotendinous structures can affect ROM.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Osteophytes at the end of bone 2. ROM{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	The sensation experienced/detected by the examiner at the end of performing passive range of motion (PROM) is referred to as the {{c1::end-feel}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Soft end-feelHard end-feelEmpty end-feelFirm end-feel
Published	07/30/2024	A/An {{c1::hard}} end-feel indicates bone-to-bone contact.
Published	07/30/2024	A/An {{c1::firm}} end-feel indicates stretch of ligament or tendon.
Published	07/30/2024	A/An {{c1::soft}} end-feel indicates muscle-to-muscle contact.
Published	07/30/2024	When the examiner reports a hard end-feel, there is no additional movement available.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathological ROM at a joint would affect adjacent joint/s, or even the entire kinematic chain the belong to.{{c1::T::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Osteokinematics}} - rotary movement of the bones in space during physiological joint motion.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Arthrokinematics}} or {{c1::accessory motion}} refers to the movements of joint (articulating) surfaces relative to one another.
Published	07/30/2024	Human motion permits only one of the three types of arthrokinematics at a time.{{c1::F::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Joint play}} refers to the freedom of movement of one articular surface on another surface. It allows normal motion at the articulating surface …
Published	07/30/2024	For articular surfaces to be free to move in the appropriate direction (arthrokinematics) as the bony lever rotates (osteokinematics), the joint must …
Published	07/30/2024	Excessively lax structures create too little joint play, leading to unstable joint.{{c1::F::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Joint capsule is composed of two layers: {{c1::stratum fibrosum}} and {{c1::stratum synovium (synovial membrane)}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] Joint capsule 1. Compression Forces* 2. Cartilagenous content{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Both Type A and Type B synoviocytes synthesize hyaluronic acid. {{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Domination 1. Type A Synoviocyte 2. Type B Synoviocyte{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type {{c1::A}} synoviocytes are {{c2::macrophage}}-like cells that are primarily responsible for the  removal/phagocytosis of debris from th…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::subintima/subsynovial tissue}} merges on its external surface with the {{c2::stratum fibrosum}} at the ends of the joint capsule.
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::boundary}} lubrication, the surface is coated with {{c2::lubricin}}, forming a gel that keeps opposing surfaces from touching each other…
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::fluid film}} lubrication, a thin fluid film separates the joint surfaces.
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::hydrodynamic lubrication}}, a wedge of fluid is created when non-parallel (uneven) opposing surfaces of a joint slide against each …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Elasto-hydrodynamic}} lubrication is a combination of {{c1::hydrodynamic}} and {{c1::squeeze film}} lubrication, wherein the thickness of protec…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Boosted}} lubrication involves the filtration of {{c2::concentrated HA}} molecules out of the synovial fluid, which are then trapped in the…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Uniaxial}} joints have 1 degree of freedom of motion, and they permit motion in only 1 plane around 1 axis.
Published	07/30/2024	An example of the {{c1::pivot (trochoid)}} joint is the atlantoaxial joint ("no" joint), located between C1 and C2 vertebrae.
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::condyloid}} joint has a {{c2::concave}} surface on one end and a {{c2::non-ball-like convex}} surface on the other.
Published	07/30/2024	Both ends/bones of a {{c1::saddle joint}} have a {{c2::convex}} surface in one plane and a {{c2::concave}} surface in the other.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Triaxial}} joints have 3 degrees of freedom, permitting motion in 3 planes around 3 axes, which may also occur in oblique planes.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Synovial fluid}} provides nourishment for the {{c2::hyaline cartilage}} and reduces friction between articulating surfaces during movement
Published	07/30/2024	Synovial fluid is similar to blood plasma but it also has {{c1::hyaluronic acid}} and {{c1::lubricin}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::hydrostatic (weeping)}} lubrication, the compression of articular cartilage leads to its deformation, causing the fluid within…
Published	07/30/2024	The two types of joint lubrication are {{c1::boundary lubrication}} and {{c1::fluid film lubrication}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::subsynovial tissue (subintima)}} is a loose network of highly vascularized fibrous connective tissue, supporting the int…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::synovium}} is innervated by {{c2::non-myelinated C fibers}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::hyaluronic acid::glycosaminoglycan}} in synovial fluid is responsible for its viscosity and also for reducing friction.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::lubricin}} in synovial fluid is responsible for cartilage-on-cartilage lubrication and dissipation of energy.
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] Synovial fluid is thixotropic which means: 1. Velocity 2. Viscosity{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Boundary lubrication is most effective at {{c1::low::high/low}} loads.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hinge}} joints and {{c1::pivot/trochoid}} joints are classified as {{c2::uniaxial}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Condyloid}} joints and {{c1::saddle}} joints are classified as {{c2::biaxial}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Plane}} joints and {{c1::ball and socket}} joints are classified as {{c2::triaxial/multiaxial}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hydrodynamic}} lubrication is often seen in osteoarthritic joints.
Published	07/30/2024	Two types of kinematic chains: {{c1::open kinematic chains}}{{c1::closed kinematic chains}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::close}} packed position, the joint surfaces are maximally congruent with each other and the ligaments and capsules are also max…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Overuse injury 1. Women 2. Men{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Simple}} joints have {{c2::stability}} as their primary function.
Published	07/30/2024	Complex joints have {{c1::mobility}} as their primary function.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Menisci}} in synovial joints provide shock absorption by preventing excessive compression by spreading applied forces over larger area
Published	07/30/2024	Two types of joints:{{c1::synarthroses/non-synovial joints}}{{c1::diarthroses/true synovial joints}}
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::synarthroses/non-synovial joints::joint type}}, {{c2::interosseous connective tissue}} directly unites the bones.
Published	07/30/2024	Two types of synarthroses:{{c1::fibrous joints}}{{c1::cartilaginous joints}}
Published	07/30/2024	3 types of fibrous joints: {{c1::sutures}}{{c1::gomphoses}}{{c1::syndesmoses}}
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::fibrous}} joints, {{c2::fibrous tissue}} directly connects bone to bone.
Published	07/30/2024	Edges interlock or overlap each other in a {{c1::suture::joint type}}.
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::synostosis}} is a bony union formed from the fusion of two opposing bones in suture joints which occurs later in life.
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::gomphosis::joint type}} can be described as a peg in a hole.
Published	07/30/2024	In a {{c1::syndesmosis::joint type}} the components are joined by:{{c2::interosseous ligament}}{{c2::fibrous cord}}{{c2::aponeurotic membrane}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cartilaginous}} joints either have {{c2::fibrocartilage}} or {{c2::hyaline cartilage}} between the two articulating bones.
Published	07/30/2024	Two types of cartilaginous joints: {{c1::symphyses}}{{c1::synchondroses}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Symphyses}} are {{c2::secondary::primary/secondary}} cartilaginous joints that consist of a thin lamina of hyaline cartilage plus…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Synchondroses}} are {{c2::primary::primary/secondary}} joints that consist of hyaline cartilage in between bones.
Published	07/30/2024	joint spacejoint capsulesynovial tissuesynovial fliudhyaline cartilage
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::labrum}} is a triangular structure on the periphery that increases the surface area.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c3::fibrous capsule}} is innervated by {{c2::large::small/large}} diameter, {{c2::thinly::thinly/thickly}} myelinated s…
Published	07/30/2024	Special receptors found in the joint capsule and the stimuli they respond to:Ruffini receptors: {{c1::stretch}}Pacini receptors: {{c1::compression}}Fr…
Published	07/30/2024	Characteristics of normal synovial fluid{{c1::clearpale yellowviscous::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Convex-Concave Rules of ArthrokinematicsRule 1: If a concave articulating surface moves on a fixed convex surface, sliding occurs in the {{c1::same::s…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] Joint capsule 1. Tensile Forces 2. Collagen and Elastin number, content, and density{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stratum Fibrosum::Joint Capsule Component}}, aka {{c1::fibrous capsule::Joint Capsule Component}}, is composed of dense fibrous tissue, predomin…
Published	07/30/2024	The two layers of stratum synovium are the {{c1::intima}} and {{c1::subsynovial/subintimal tissue}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::intima}} is the innermost layer of the capsule, lines the joint space, and is composed of {{c1::synoviocytes}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Type {{c1::B}} synoviocytes secrete antigen to initiate immune response.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::fibrous capsule}} is the joint receptor sensitive to {{c2::stretching}}, {{c2::compression}}, and {{c2::increased internal pressure}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::hydrostatic (weeping)}} lubrication, surfaces are held apart by a film of lubricant that is maintained under pressure.
Published	07/30/2024	In {{c1::squeeze film}} lubrication, fluid is pressurized as surfaces contact each other, making it suitable for high loads of short du…
Published	07/30/2024	An example of a {{c1::hinge}} joint is the humeroulnar joint (elbow), which permits flexion and extension in the sagittal plane.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Biaxial}} joints have 2 degrees of freedom, permitting motion in 2 planes around 2 axes.
Published	07/30/2024	An example of a triaxial/multiaxial joint is the {{c1::plane joint}}, which permits gliding movement between two or more bones.
Published	07/30/2024	An example of a triaxial/multiaxial joint is the {{c1::ball and socket joint}}, comprised of a ball-like convex surface that articulates into a c…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::kinematic chains}} - series of rigid links (bones) interconnected by a series of pin-centered joints.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Low frequency compressive loads::type of loading}} increases cartilage formation.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::High frequency compressive loads::type of loading}} increases bone formation.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tensile loads::type of loading}} increases tissue formation resembling tendons and ligaments.
Published	07/30/2024	A/An {{c2::empty}} end-feel is reported if examiner cannot perform PROM due to patient's pain.
Status	Last Update	Fields